Essays

Agree or Disagree Advantages outweigh Discuss both views + Advantages and Two questions/two-part Causes/Problems and
(Your opinion В Disadvantages your opinion Disadvantages essay questions Solutions
НАЧАЛЕ И В (Your opinion В (Your opinion В (Your opinion В КОНЦЕ, (Your opinion В
КОНЦЕ) НАЧАЛЕ И В КОНЦЕ) НО ЕСЛИ ЕГО НАЧАЛЕ И В
КОНЦЕ) СПРАШИВАЮТ!!) КОНЦЕ)
I  Background  Background  Background sentence  Background sentence  Background  Background sentence
N sentence sentence (Общее, желательно  Detailed background sentence  Detailed background
T  Detailed  Detailed первое предложение sentence  Detailed sentence
R background background темы)  Thesis background  Your aim in this essay
O sentence sentence  Detailed background (However, there are sentence (In this essay, the causes of
D  Your position  Your position sentence\ benefits and drawbacks (As a result, …) this issue will be analyzed
U ВОТ ТУТ ВОТ ТУТ (Перефразирование 2 to…)  Thesis (ответ на 1 with relevant solutions)
C МНЕНИЕ! МНЕНИЕ! части)  Your aim in this essay вопрос)
T (agree or not) (agree or not)  Statement of point of (In this essay, both sides (Therefore …)
I (I truly believe that (I believe that this has view to be analyzed will be analyzed, and a  Your aim of this
O …) more benefits than (The argument that … is conclusion will be essay (1+2
N  Your aim of drawbacks) both supported and drawn) вопросы)
this essay refuted by many) (This essay will support
(This essay is aimed  Outline sentence the view that … as
to oppose this view (Both sides of this another viable opinion to
providing relevant argument will be analyzed overcome this issue)
arguments) before a reasoned
conclusion in drawn)
S  Introduce Если advantages  Statement of the FOR ADVANTAGES ОТВЕТ НА 1  Topic sentence
U the outweigh, то пишешь first point of view  Background sentence ВОПРОС (Firstly, the obvious
P argument 1 сначала 1 example (Firstly, it is easy to see…) (One evident benefit of ….)  Topic sentence causes…)
P (To start with, …) для disadvantages, а  Example  Detailed background (There is no doubt that it  Rephrasing the
O  Small потом 2 для (For example, …) sentence is challenge for certain topic sentence with
R discussion advantages  Discussion (In other words, …) people to …) an example
T (details) Если disadvantages, (Therefore, …)  Example  Rephrasing the (In other words, …)
I (In other words, …) то наоборот  Conclusion (Take … as an example) main reason  The negative
N  Example  Introduce the (Because of this that is  The result or (In other words, …) outcome
G  Result argument 1 easy to see why the recommendations  Example (As a result, …)
(Thus, …) (The argument that…) (This has made что-то (For example, …)  Solution
P advantage/disadvanta хорошо)  Conclusion (The obvious answer for
A ge of this…) (Therefore, it can be this would be …)
R  Small concluded that by  Example
A discussion Ving…) (For instance, …)
G (details) The positive outcome
R (In other words, …) Короче: reason и к нему
A  Example solution + example
P  Result
H
1
S  Introduce  Introduce the  Statement of the FOR ОТВЕТ НА 2  Topic sentence
U the argument 2 second point of DISADVANTAGES ВОПРОС (A further contributing
P argument 2 (Despite this, there view  Background sentence  Solution factor is…)
P (Another point to are advantages/ (Meanwhile, there is (On the other hand, ….) (Another useful measure  Example with the
O consider is that Disadvantages it can another group who believe  Detailed background against… could be…) effect
R Ving…) bring to people’s that… sentence  Outcome if the (To tackle this problem, …)
T  Small life…)  Example (In other words, …) solution was  Solution
I discussion  Small (For example, …)  Example implemented (A possible solution would
N (details) discussion  Discussion (For example, …) (So, if…., ….) be …)
G  Example (details)  Conclusion  The result or  Example The positive outcome with
 Result (In other words, …) (Thus, …) recommendations  Conclusion example
P  Example Короче: reason и к нему
A  Result solution + example
R
A  Introduce the
G argument 3
R (In addition to this,
A …)
P  Small
H discussion
2 (details)
 Example
(To illustrate, …)
 Result

C  Summary  Restate the  Summary  Background sentence  Restate your points  Restating the points
O  Statement arguments (In summary, both sides of (In conclusion, there are (Overall, it is clear, that (In conclusion, … are the
N of position with your the argument regarding … clearly both positives and ….) здесь 1 вопрос main causes of …)
C ВОТ ЗДЕСЬ position* have strong support) negatives to …)  Give  Getting advice of
L ОПЯТЬ  Recommenda  Statement of  Перечисление + и – recommendations or predicting the
U МНЕНИЕ!!!! tion position (While…, for many people predictions future
S (It has to be ВОТ ЗДЕСЬ there are too many (Another way would (In order to overcome this
I agreed/disagreed *Despite of the fact МНЕНИЕ!!!! differences to cope with) be…) здесь 2 вопрос challenge, appropriate
O that…) that there are more (However, after analyzing И ТУТ МНЕНИЕ, ЕСЛИ measures should be taken
N  Prediction advantages, I still both camps it is clear that ЕГО СПРАШИВАЮТ! urgently, otherwise, …)
or prefer… the idea of…cannot be  Recommendations
recommend supported) (Therefore, it is important
ation  Prediction or to assess both sides
recommendation carefully before taking this
(As such, it is predicted crucial step)
that the negative aspects
of…)
Chunks for introducing opinion

 Many people argue/say/feel/think/believe that…

 A growing number of people are in the view that…
 It is believed by some that…
 There is a common belief that…
 Some say/argue/feel/believe that…
 Many people hold the view that…

Chunks for adding more information

 It is their view that…

 They claim/argue/feel that…
 This is because they say it is…
 Another common belief about (smth) is that…

Intensity our opinion

 It is important that…
 There is no doubt that…
 One cannot deny that…

Phrases to express examples

 According to previous studies…

 There is some evidence that suggests that…
 Many researchers hold the view that…
 According to (someone)…
 It can be illustrated by…
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.

What serious problems has this caused and what should governments and individuals do to  tackle these problems.

In many countries, the population is increasing at a prolific rate, especially in big cities. As a result, this has led to many pressing
issues. This essay will discuss the main problems behind this trend and how individuals and state authorities can tackle these
problems.

One of the most serious issues faced in big cities due to overcrowding is the exorbitant cost for accommodation. Take Beijing for
example.The cost of an apartment is thrice higher than in an average city. To tackle this issue, governments should subsidise
building projects, and build more apartments. If the demand for accommodation in big cities was reduced, the prices would fall to
affordable rates. 

Another serious consequence of overcrowding is the environmental pollution caused by city inhabitants. For instance, the more
city dwellers there are in a big city, the more garbage they produce. The way forward for this issue would be for city inhabitants to
take responsibility in disposing of their garbage effectively. For example, the rubbish could be sorted at source in order for it to be
recycled. This would help keep urban areas less polluted. 

Therefore, it is clear that the problems caused by overpopulation in urban areas are very serious due to real estate price hikes and
cities becoming more polluted. Unless governments and individuals share a collective responsibility, the problem will become
more severe.

Smoking not only harms the smoker, but also those who are nearby. Therefore, smoking should be banned in public places.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Medical studies have shown that smoking not only leads to health problems for smokers but also could harm the people who are
near cigarettes and breathe the smoke. As a result of this, many believe that smoking should not be allowed in public places.
Although there are persuasive arguments on both sides, I strongly agree that a ban is the most appropriate course of action.

First and foremost, it has been proven that tobacco consists of carcinogenic compounds which cause serious harm not only to the
smokers but also people surrounding them. For example, passive smokers are also at risk of developing lung cancers, and other
organs in the body also could be affected. Therefore imposing this upon another person cannot be justified. 

A further reason why smoking should be banned in public places is that it could have a negative influence on children. Take public
places such as restaurants and parks as an example. It is common to see children spending time with their parents in such places.
Allowing to smoke in such areas, could not only create a wrong impression among minors but also it is most likely they could take
up smoking in the future. These consequences make it evident that by prohibiting people from smoking in public places, we could
protect our future generation from this detrimental habit. 

In conclusion, it is clear that it should be made illegal to smoke in public places. I believe that the respective authorities should
have a zero-tolerance policy on those who smoke in public areas. Otherwise, thousands of people will be affected by this.

Some people think that in order to deal with the problem of congestion in cities, privately-owned vehicles should be banned in city
centres, while others consider this to be an unrealistic solution.

Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Encouraging more people to use public transport would have a positive impact on the environment. It is a well-known fact that privately-
owned vehicles, such as cars and motorcycles, pollute the air which affects the environment and the ozone layer. For example, cars emit
greenhouse gasses which contribute to global warming. If people used more public transport instead of their own cars, the pollution level
could be reduced, and along with this, the problem of congestion would be partly solved.

However, people should have the right to use public roads in whatever way they please. Usually, people are primarily guided by their interests
 and want to make their life as comfortable as it is possible. For this reason, many citizens would be unhappy with being obliged to use public
transport in the city centre while having a private car. Moreover, there is an opinion that it is practically impossible to check and control what
kinds of vehicles enter and leave the city centre. Also, it could involve extra expenses for new control systems and new employees.

Taking everything into consideration, I believe the prohibition of private transport to be an impractical solution of the
problem. Unfortunately, the majority of people are not ready for this kind of change, and other ways should be found. 

In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

Introduction:

Traffic congestion in many cities around the world is quite severe. One way to tackle this issue is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this
money to make public transportт better. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such an initiation. 

First supporting paragraph:

There several benefits of imposing a higher tax on car owners. Firstly, heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it
would become very expensive to drive. In other words, they would begin to make use of public transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and
pollution as well. A further benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. For instance, public transport
in many cities is poorly maintained. As a result, this has made daily commuting inconvenient. Therefore, high taxes could generate enough money to
improve the public transport system and encourage commuters to use public transport instead of their own cars
Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost, this would be a heavy burden on the car drivers. For
Example in many developing countries, taxes are already high for a lot of people, and a further increase would only mean less
money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. In addition, this type of tax would
probably be set at a fixed amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less money harder, whilst the rich would be to
afford it. It is therefore not a fair tax.