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Reasoning
Trainer Plus Trainer Plus Curriculum
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We can find challenges in every sphere of our lives. Be it finding the best
route to a cinema hall on traffic packed roads or choosing the right item in a
super market.
How best are we equipped to deal with challenges is the question?
Reasoning Ability is a systematic process of thinking where a problem or
plan is analysed from various angles in its most practical sense. Hence
yields better decisions and better conclusions.
That’s why every student’s Reasoning Ability is tested in almost every
competitive exam today.
The process of learning is dependent on one’s ability to think logically and
reason quickly and effectively. These two factors are hence very crucial to a child’s progress in
education.
This critically important ability of reasoning should be seeded and nurtured in the minds of the students
in their budding stage itself. Once the seed of reasoning sprouts in the young minds, the way they see the
world entirely changes. Life itself looks like an exciting puzzle to be solved.
Reasoning and logic skills are an integral part of a wide range of subjects such as Math, Science,
Design and Technology, etc. These skills are also vital in our day to day lives. Class
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REASONING
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 Success Plan Unified Council Unified Council Success Plan

Self-esteem is our self-concept Mnemonics

To put in simpler terms, self-esteem is how we feel about Mnemonics [ne-mo-nics] is the art of assisting memory by using
ourselves. Our opinion of ourselves critically influences everything. a system of artificial aids — rhymes, rules, phrases, diagrams,
Self-esteem is a major component in determining success or
acronyms and other devices — all to help in the recall of names,
failure. Unless you perceive yourself as worthwhile, you cannot
have high self-esteem. dates, facts and figures. Here are some examples :
All great world leaders and teachers throughout history have 1. For remembering the different life processes :
concluded that one must be internally driven in order to be a 3 R’s GENTS Respiration, Regulation, Reproduction . . .
success. Some characteristics of people with : Growth, Excretion, Nutrition, Transport, Synthesis.
High Self-esteem Low Self-esteem 2. Fat soluble vitamins : KADE. Vitamin K, Vitamin A, Vitamin
Talk about ideas Talk about people D and Vitamin E are fat soluble vitamins.
Caring attitude Critical attitude
Humility Arrogance 3. Cellular Respiration : You down with ATP ???? . . . AERO
Respects authority Rebels against authority oxygen . . . ANER NO oxygen.
Confidence Confusion
Concerned about character Concerned about reputation 4. Nutrition — Human chemical digestion begins :
Assertive Aggressive CARBOS in the mouth with salivary amylase
Accepts responsibility Blames the whole world PROTEIN in the stomach with gastric protease
Self-interest Selfish LIPIDS in the small intestine with lipase
Optimistic Fatalistic All digestion is completed in the small intestine
Understanding Greedy The large intestine simply absorbs water
Willing to learn Know it all
Sensitive Touchy 5. Transport in plants — XY (xylem) goes high . . .
Discuss Argue PHLO (phloem) goes low . . . it’s organic.
Believes in self-worth Believes in net worth only
Discipline Distorted sense of freedom 6. Hydrogen Bonds : Hydrogen likes to have FON (Flourine,
Internally driven Externally driven Oxygen, Nitrogen).
Respects others Looks down on others 7. Diatomic Elements : Count HOFBrINCl : Hydrogen, Oxygen,
The objective of this list is to provide a basis for self-evaluation Flourine, Bromone, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine.
rather than produce guilt. It is not necessary to have all the traits. 8. Transport in Animals
Some characteristics may be present to a greater or lesser
Atrium ^ top chambers of the heart
degree. So long as we are able to recognize them, we can make
an effort to correct ourselves. Ventricle bottom chambers of the heart

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Arteries carry blood away from the heart Brain Teasers

Veins carry blood toward the heart
The Grasshopper has an open circulatory system. 1) NOTE: The first number in each row tells the number of figures
from that row, that will appear in the solution. The second
9. Acid to Water : All is well.
number tells how many of the figures in the row are in the
Water to Acid : What an accident ! same position in the solution as they are in the row. Solution
Use these two mnemonics to help remember it is ok to add will have one triangle, one square and one circle.
acid to water, but you may get an explosion from the excess
heat created by reversing the order of mixing the two.
10. LICHEN are made up of ALGAE and FUNGI.
She was all gal (ALGAL) and he was a fun guy (FUNGI). They
took a likin (LICHEN) to each other.
11. Effects of heat on matter.
Matter expands when heat is gained.
Gain Heat Expand  Gary Hates Eva.
Matter contracts when cooled.
Loose Heat Contract  Let Her Cry.
12. The Earth’s atmosphere
Here is a phrase to help you remember the order of the
earth’s atmosphere : The Strong Man’s Triceps Explode. This
stands for : Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,
Thermosphere, Exosphere.

X Solution:

In English language,
the seven coordinating conjunctions are :
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So __________ __________ ___________
FANBOYS.
Answers on page 21

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2) Complete the following phrases by changing or adding only

Eff ecti ve Learn ing
the letters that go in the circles. The rest of the word stays
the same.  Always make an effort to understand the study material/
lessons, especially the principles which lie under it.
PIECE OF C A K E
 The most popular way of doing a thing is not always the best
NOSE way. For instance, people may expect to remember a piece
of material after reading it once and then re-reading it.
SNOW Both methods are inadequate, the first because it is an
uneconomical use of time. Research has shown that a second
FIRE AND reading brings only 7% more comprehension, while a third one
adds only another 1%. The time spent on re-reading is out of
A EXCUSE proportion to the gain that can be expected from it. Instead of
re-reading, read and recall. The best method for super learning
HALL OF is P to V formula.
IT'S KID'S This P to V formula is your key to more effective study;
established by experimental research on learning methods.
RUN  P for Preview :
FIRE Browse through the study material/lessons to get a general
idea of what it is about. Close the book and think about what
GUARD you have gathered from your preview.
 Q for Question :
BIRD'S
Ask yourself a few questions which you want your reading
to answer. Some authors give such questions at the starting
TAKE A of a chapter. If your author doesn’t, think of your own.
YOU'RE THE  R for Read :
Read the material and make sure that you understand it.
B E N T FENDER Underline key-words and phrases. Recall what you have read.
Assess the relative importance of its various features.
Answers on page 21

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 S for Summarise :
How to remember in a better way
In order to reduce or remove the causes of forgetting and to be
Make notes on what you read (create a Mind Map, as able to remember better, we have to :
discussed in successive pages)
1. Get a strong impression by paying careful attention
 T for Test : We must obtain a deep impression on the mind, of what we wish
Test yourself on what you have read, by using the to remember. The attention must be concentrated on only one
thing at a time to the exclusion of everything else.
information to answer the questions you asked under Q
(above). Answer the questions and problems set by your If you want to concentrate on something, you must feel that it
teacher/lecturer or by your text book author. Answer matters to you. You must be interested in it. It must evoke your
enthusiasm. The deeper and more permanent the interest, the
questions set in earlier exam papers. Discuss the subject
more sustained the attention.
with your classmates.
2. Repeat under conditions in which repetition is effective
 U for Use : Psychologists have discovered a number of conditions under
Put material to some practical use in everyday affairs. which repeating what we wish to remember helps us to
remember it. Those conditions are :
 V for Visualise : (a) You remember better if you understand what you repeat
Picture the ideas in your mind/visualise the actual pages of (better comprehension).
the textbook or notebook. (b) You remember better if you study a little but often have
frequent breaks while studying (spaced learning). Do not
S S S study more than half hour continuously. Take a break after
every half hour. A five minute break is good enough. Actually,
we remember better at the beginning and at the end of a
Puzzle learning period. We remember less during the middle of that
learning period. It shows that if you have four learning
How many triangles can you find in periods of 30 minutes each in approximately a 2-hour
this figure ? session, then there are 4 beginnings and 4 ends which
correspond to high learning and high memory. In the 5
minute break period, you may get up and walk or you may
close your eyes and relax.
there are thirty five triangles.
selecting another point. Since there are five points and seven triangles for every point,
to it. For the top point, there is a pattern of seven triangles which are not duplicated by You must remember two important aspects of break :
(1) you must relax
triangles which are associated with that point — those which either join or are opposed
figure is symmetrical, it’s possible to select a reference point and count the number of
can try to count the number of triangles or you can take a systematic approach. Since the (2) you must continue study after about 5 minutes.
Pentagram : There are thirty five triangles in a pentagram. To find the correct answer, you
Answer :
Relaxation results in increased blood flow to your brain,
and that means you function at higher intelligence.
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Noticing more of what’s happening Fun with Numbers

1) Draw two straight lines within the circle to divide it into three
Exercise parts. All the digits in these three parts when added should
Look around the room and find six objects that contain circles. result to a total of fifty. Lines can be drawn horizontally,
vertically, diagonally, in any way you find suitable, to arrive
With an awareness only for circles, you’ll find circles jutting out at the required sum total.
all around you — the top of a cup, the end of a pencil, the face
5 1
of a screw in a light switch. When you set your attention to look 3
3 6
for something, you almost always find it. You just need to know 7
4 1 7 2
what you’re looking for. 5 2
9 9
What you pay attention to, determines what your world is like. 6 4 4 2 8
4
Focus on problems, and your world is full of obstacles. Focus on 4 5 3 2
8 4 1 5
nothing in particular, and your world is a clutter of unrelated
experiences. Focus on creative ideas, and your world opens to 2 6 8 2
a realm of unlimited possibility. People do find what they are 1 2 5
looking for.
2) Write the numbers from 1 to 8 into the squares, so that the
What do you pay attention to all day long ? If you could find squares with consecutive numbers do not touch. (neither
somehow, record on a video tape what you notice, what would edges nor corners)
the tape show ? What would it miss ? If you played back a tape
of what you notice on your daily trip to work or school, would
there be a continuous stream of images or would there be gaps
in the movie ? Would only a few key landmarks stand out in an
ocean of grey ? How much detail would show in people’s faces ?
Would the sound be muffled or would it be in stereo ? 3) Fill in the grey boxes with ‘+’, ‘–’, ‘×’, or ‘÷’ to complete the
number sentences.
To become more aware of what’s happening around you,
periodically stop what you’re doing; look, listen, and ask yourself a) 9 9 9 9 9 = 10
“What’s happening ?”
Tip : Take a closer look at the familiar. b) 3 3 3 3 3 = 6
Answers on page 21

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4) Starting from ‘1’ in the top left box, you must move (up, down, Secrets for getting more marks in any examination
left or right) along all the squares and end at ‘1’ in the bottom
right box. Along the journey, add, subtract, multiply and divide Here are some simple concepts and techniques that can help
as you pass through the numbers and signs (+, –, × or ÷). The you maximise your marks in any exam. These are very simple
final answer must be 10. techniques or ideas. You do not need to memorise them, just
understand them; yet, these simple tips can help you greatly.
1. Do not eat just before an examination
1 × 2 ÷ 4 You should not have food (heavy breakfast or lunch) for 3
+ 3 – 3 + hours before going to an exam.
To understand the reason, let us understand our digestive
7 ÷ 4 × 9 system. When we eat, we chew food in the mouth. The food
becomes soft and saliva gets added to it. Then it goes down
× 6 + 2 – into the stomach. The food stays there for 3 to 4 hours. The
stomach adds digestive juices and the food is digested. Then
7 – 4 + 1 it moves to the small intestine where the body extracts the
nutrients from food and finally the waste goes out of the body.
5) Fill in the empty circles and boxes with suitable numbers, such
Digestion of food requires energy. Human body has an
that the sum of the 3 numbers in each line is equal to 12. intelligent way to supply this additional energy to the
stomach for digestion of food. When you eat food, blood
2 4 supply and flow of oxygen quantity increases to stomach
area. The total blood in the body is constant. So the blood
3 supply to the brain decreases. This is the reason you feel
a) b) lazy or sleepy after eating food. This also means that your
intelligence IQ or your brain power decreases for a few hours
4 1 1 (2 or 3 hours) after you eat food.
If you feel hungry before your exam, you can eat fruits
6) Insert arithmetic operations +, –, × and ÷ between any two because fruits are not digested in the stomach. If your
numbers and brackets wherever necessary to make the stomach is empty when you eat fruits, it stays in stomach
following sentences correct. Write down as many possible just for 10 minutes and then goes to the small intestines and
answers as you can. nutrients are extracted there.
2. Do not stay awake for a long time, the night before the exam.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 1 You must sleep well during the exam days. Sleep is very
Answers on page 21 important for you. It makes you fresh. It gives you energy.
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Success Plan Unified Council
If you are not fresh and energetic, you may not do your best
in exam. You may not be able to bring out the best of your
abilities. So, you may not get the marks you are capable of.
3. Make sure you have your Hall ticket, pen, etc.
Many people make the mistake of not taking their pen, or
pencil, Hall ticket etc., to the exam. To avoid such situation,
you should keep and check a list of things you have to take
to the examination hall, before leaving your home.
4. In the Examination Hall
(a) Mental attitude
Reach the exam hall ahead of time. In the exam hall, you will
have about 5 to 10 minutes before your invigilator gives you
the question paper and the answer book. Use this time to relax.
Inhale and fill your lungs with air. If you do this, your brain will
remain fresh. Have confidence in your ability to do your best.
(b) Reading the paper
When the paper is handed to you, read it carefully. Don’t
lose marks unnecessarily by failing to observe the examiner’s
instructions. If short notes are called for, don’t write long
ones. If you are required to give examples, make sure that
they are relevant. A well chosen example at any point will
always secure more marks. Observe carefully words like
‘Explain’, ‘Discuss’, ‘State’, ‘Criticise’, ‘Summarise’, ‘Describe’,
‘Prove’, ‘Illustrate’, etc.
Read every question carefully before you attempt to answer
it. One question may spark off ideas which will be useful to
you in answering another. Make a sensible choice of optional
questions. Avoid a question that appears to you to be
ambiguous. Before starting to answer any question,
understand exactly what the examiner wants.
Class 7 13 Success Plan
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(c) Presenting your answer
Adopt a methodical approach in answering a question.
Number or letter your points. Use headings, clear
arrangement of your written answers is a distinct advantage.
Make sure that your answer is relevant to the question asked.
Make it easy for the examiner to see what you are getting
at. Avoid a slipshod presentation of your work, write legibly.
(d) Time
Don’t spend too much time on any one question. Reserve a
little time for re-reading your answers at the end. You may
be able to obtain extra marks by correcting obvious mistakes
and omissions. Get the examiner on your side by making your
answers as easy to read as you can.
(e) Use coloured and dark ink
Do not use light coloured ink. It looks light and not serious.
It looks not worthy of high marks. Use a dark ink. Use colour
pens to write headings and blue or black for writing details
and explanations.
Take Practice Tests at Home
If you want to do the best you can in an exam or a competition,
you must take practice-tests at home or at school, beforehand.
Your teachers and classmates can help you in this. This
experience will be close to the real exam. You will learn valuable
lessons about your ability and the current knowledge for the real
exam. You can request the teacher to correct the practice-test
answer books so that you can find out your strength and your
weakness.
Use old question papers for practice tests. You will be
tremendously benefitted from this extra effort.  
Success Plan 14 Class 7
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NUMBER LOCKER
PuZzLeS
Across 1
2. The second digit is Try to solve these brain-teasing puzzles.
the cube of the first.
3. The lowest possible 2 Place the numbers from 1
three-digit square of to 19 in the 19 circles so
an even number that any three in a
straight row add up to 30.
(Zeros not allowed). 3
Answer:
4. The cube of the
number that made In how many ways is it possible to read the
the square in 3 4 word RADAR in this diagram ? You may travel
Across. in any direction to use every letter along the
5. The sum path.
of the 5 ways to read the word.
digits is Since there are four ‘R’s in the figure, there is a total of eighty
22.
There are twenty possible ways of reading Radar for each R.
Answer :

Down
5. The sum of the digits is 22. Answer to
1. A palindrome : the first or third digit is half the second. NUMBER LOCKER
2. Each digit is half the corresponding first four digits in 1 Down.
1
3. The sum of the digits is 13. 4
4. Both square and fourth power of even numbers. Move only one of the four 2
matches to form a square. You 2 8
Starters : Remember, palindromes are numbers that read the are not allowed to bend or break 3
same backwards and forwards. A square is a number any of the matches. 1 4 4
produced by multiplying another, smaller number by 4
itself. To produce a cube, multiply a number by itself tiny square in the centre of all the four. 1 7 2 8
and then again by that product. (e.g., the cube of 3 bottom match downward leaving a 5
is 27 : 3x3x3 = 27). Answer : The solution is to move the 3 6 5 4 4
Hint : 1 Down is 2424.
Answer on Page 16

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Shortcuts for Percentage
Percentages represent fractional parts of 100. When we say
“50%” we mean “fifty-hundredths” or 50/100, which is merely
½. Since percentages are fractions, a “percent” of a given
number is less than the given number, provided the “percentage”
is less than 100.
 Finding 16 2 3 % of a number
Rule : Divide the given number by 6. If the given number
is odd, the answer will contain a fraction.
(Rule for divisibility by 6 is more helpful).
Finding 16 2 3 % of 132
As stated in the rule above, divide by 6.
132 ÷ 6 = 22. Therefore, 16 2 3 % of 132 = 22 is the answer..
 Finding 33 1 3 % of a number
Rule : Divide the given number by 3. Check whether the
given number is evenly divisible by 3. If it is not, the answer
will have a fraction.
What is 33 1 3 % of 12 ?
As stated in the rule above, divide by 3.
12 ÷ 3 = 4. Therefore 4 is 33 1 3 % of 12.
 Finding 37½% of a number
Rule : Multiply the given number by 3 and divide
the result by 8. Either operation may be performed first;
the answer will be the same.
Find 37½% of 7,216.
Multiply by 3 : 7,216 × 3 = 21,648
Divide the result by 8 : 21,648 ÷ 8 = 2,706
37½% of 7,216 = 2,706.
Class 7 17 Success Plan
Unified Council Success Plan
If the order or operation were changed, 2,706 would again
be obtained. This time, divide by 8 first.
7,216 ÷ 8 = 902. (This can be obtained almost by inspection).
Next, multiply by 3. 902×3 = 2,706.
It is evident that in this particular example the second order
of operation is the one that produces the answer with the
least mental effort.
 Finding 62½% of a number
Rule : Move the decimal point one place to the right
and divide by 16.
Dividing by 16 is not as formidable as it may seem at first.
As a matter of fact, it can usually be done easier in two steps.
Dividing the given number by 2 and then dividing the result
by 8 is one way of simplifying this division. Another way is
to divide the given number by 4 and then divide the result
by 4 again.
Both methods are demonstrated in the example below; but
first, division by 16 will be shown.
Find 62½% of 512.
Move the decimal point one place to the right so that
512.0  becomes 5,120.
Divide by 16. 5,120 ÷ 16 = 320. So the answer is 320.
If the same number, 5,120, will be divided by 2 and the result
divided by 8; 5,120 ÷ 2 = 2,560; 2,560 ÷ 8 = 320.
In another method, the number will be divided by 4 and the
result again divided by 4. 5,120 ÷ 4 = 1,280; 1,280 ÷ 4 = 320.
In a given problem, at least three choices are open,
depending on what the given number is and how easily it
can be divided by 2, 4, or 8.
Success Plan 18 Class 7
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3) F ind the words in the grid and write each beside its
V ocabulary anagram.
1) Using letters in the wordwheel,
form as many words as you can of O E h o r s e n n
minimum four letters each.
Plurals, proper nouns and words T T m b c h s e o
that are not from the english H a l l e c r r
language are not allowed. All
O S
words must use the centre letter M O r e e a a v t
and no letter in the wheel can be
used more than one. Average-9, Good-14, Excellent-16
c a a r l e n
________ ________ ________ ________ h t n t p x x
________ ________ ________ ________ never _______________ thorn _______________
________ ________ ________ ________ table _______________ lance _______________
________ ________ ________ ________
earth _______________ charm _______________
share _______________ clasp _______________
2) Rearrange the letters to make a word that fits the meaning.
Answers on page 21
• thorn (a direction) _____________________
• flier ( a type of gun) ____________________
• sever (part of a poem) __________________
P u z z l e

The remaining two cannibals cross.

Two cannibals cross. One cannibal returns.
returns.
Two missionaries cross. One cannibal
a cannibal return.
Two missionaries cross. A missionary and
Two cannibals cross. One cannibal returns.
missionary returns.
First a missionary and a cannibal cross. The
Answer :
• nerve (not once) _______________________
u Three missionaries and three
• bleat (piece of furniture) ________________
• shore (large animal) ____________________
z cannibals need to cross a river
in a boat that can hold only two
• clasp (skin of the head) _________________ z people. The missionaries must
be careful to never allow the
• sleet ( a metal) ________________________ l cannibals to outnumber them
e on either shore. How can
everyone cross the river ?
Answers on page 21

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Answers
Brain Teasers

1)

2) FAKE, FLAKE, FLAME, LAME, FAME, GAME, HOME, HOSE, NOSE, NEST, REST, BEST

Fun with Numbers

5 1
3
3 6
7 1
4 7 2
5 2
9 2 9
6 4 4 8
4 5 3
4 2
5 3 2 8 1 7
1) 8 4
1
5 2)
2 6 8 2
6 4
1 2 5

3) (a ) 9 ÷ 9 + 9 – 9 + 9 = 10 (b) 3 × 3 + 3 – 3 – 3 = 6
4) Try yourself

6 3
5) (a) (b)
4 1 7

6) Try yourself

V ocabulary

1) HOST, SHOE, HOOT, SMOOTH, HOME, HOSE, MOTH, SOOTHE, SHOT, MESH,
TOOTH, SHOO, THEM, THOSE, SHOOT, TOOTHSOME.
2) North, Rifle, Verse, Never, Table, Horse, Scalp, Steel.
3) Nerve, North, Bleat, Clean, Heart, March, Shear, Scalp.

Class 7 21 Success Plan