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Reasoning
Trainer Plus Trainer Plus Curriculum
@ Schools
We can find challenges in every sphere of our lives. Be it finding the best
route to a cinema hall on traffic packed roads or choosing the right item in a
super market.
How best are we equipped to deal with challenges is the question?
Reasoning Ability is a systematic process of thinking where a problem or
plan is analysed from various angles in its most practical sense. Hence
yields better decisions and better conclusions.
That’s why every student’s Reasoning Ability is tested in almost every
competitive exam today.
The process of learning is dependent on one’s ability to think logically and
reason quickly and effectively. These two factors are hence very crucial to a child’s progress in
education.
This critically important ability of reasoning should be seeded and nurtured in the minds of the students
in their budding stage itself. Once the seed of reasoning sprouts in the young minds, the way they see the
world entirely changes. Life itself looks like an exciting puzzle to be solved.
Class 4
Reasoning and logic skills are an integral part of a wide range of subjects such as Math, Science,
Design and Technology, etc. These skills are also vital in our day to day lives.

Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TM

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Solution
REASONING
QUOTIENT
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n Exhaustive range of skill, reasoning and
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n Synopsis of each chapter with hints,
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 Hi ! Welcome to the world of The strengthening of your foundation
h Su Mathematics, the science of numbers and
The puzzles and challenges designed by our subject experts, to

M at
cces
shapes. It is a wonderful world, which you
s
will agree as you study deeper, learning sharpen your skills as stated above, bring unto you untold joy and
and using more and more of it, which will satisfaction of winning at the same time automatically forming a
bring you more and more satisfaction and rational and calculative foundation for your mind as its thinking
joy. base.

Many engineering feats of today would not Calculate and start enjoying your life
have been possible if this science was not As you learn numbers and to count them, you only come to know
developed. The invention of maths has about numbers with fixed values and their order of appearance.
been the greatest thing ever to happen to human beings to give But as you learn to calculate, you start revealing their ability and
them the winning edge over all other beings. that in relation with other numbers. This opens a vast space with
umpteen possibilities for you to try and experiment with
Maths and you numbers.
Every one of you loves a challenge to the brain and the victory
earned through solving mysteries and puzzles, isn’t it ? This book This book brings unto you the astonishing relationship of
brings unto you that pleasure through the treasure spread over numbers with each other, their behaviour with each other, their
its pages. interactions with each other and the various stunning patterns
that emerge out of their such behaviour and interactions. And
Enjoy, learn to create joy and enjoy boy ! you get awestruck with that magic.
As mentioned above, this being the science of numbers and
shapes, you will experience through these pages the joy of
knowing different numbers and what shapes they can relate to
and how you can reshape a thing simply through their
rearrangement or interaction. As you enjoy doing this, you also
learn newer ways to create joy for others and for yourself.
Adding glitter to your character
This series of booklets polishes all sides of the surface of your
character like those of a diamond, bringing out up on the surface,
all that shine and glitter that lies within you. This is achieved
through various puzzles well designed to sharpen your skills in
logical reasoning and analytical thinking, in addition to speed and
accuracy in calculation.

CLASS - 4 1 2 Unified Council

 SYLLABUS - UIMO
1. Roman Numeral Riddles
Mathematics : Large Numbers, Roman numerals, Addition and
Subtraction, Multiplication and division, Factors and Multiples,
Fractions, Length, Weight, Capacity, Time, Geometry, Perimeter
and area. :811 :1: ::1 ::18
Reasoning : Adding figures, Subtracting figures, Grouping of :18 ::81 ::111 :8111
identical figures, Odd one out, Series, Analytical reasoning,
Alphabet Test, Coding-Decoding, Analogy and Counting figures.
(a) select the correct answer from a choice of 8 possibilities.
Critical Thinking : Higher order thinking questions as per the
syllabus of mathematics and reasoning (above). This section also • I am a greater than 20.
includes a combination of skills like conscious application in real • I have at least 4 numerals.
life, Logical & Inductive Reasoning, Tactics & Strategies in
decision making. • My numerals are not in descending order.
• I am a multiple of 4.
EXAMINATION PATTERN

All questions are objective-type with no negative marking for Who am I ?

wrong answers.

S.No Section No. of Questions Marks (b) select the correct answer from a choice of 8 possibilities.
1 Mathematics 35 35 • I am less than 25.
2 Logical Reasoning 10 10 • My roman numerals are in descending order.
3 Critical Thinking 05 05
• I am not a multiple of 3.
Total 50 M
• I do not contain the roman numeral for 5.

Who am I ?

CLASS - 4 3 4 Unified Council

2. 24 Hour Time Riddles

A 09:34 B 13:51 C 12:18 D 15:39

E 17:27 F 14:45 G 19:12 H 11:36 Remove a square (twice)

Move 2 matches to new positions to get only 4
a) • I am between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. squares, no overlapping or loose ends.
• My hour will change in the next half an hour.
• I am an even number of minutes past the hour.
• My hour is a multiple of 3.
What time am I ? _________
b) • I am earlier than 7 p.m. but later than 1 p.m.
• I am an odd number of minutes past the hour.
• I am closer to 6 p.m. than to 1 p.m.
• My hour will change in the next 25 minutes.
What time am I ? _________
3. Draw all the triangles that can be drawn on the given dot board.

Try here :

CLASS - 4 5 6 Unified Council

 Pair up the balls which look a like, by passing Insert different numbers in the following star so that
through all the hexagons. the sum of each line equals to 28. No number should
be repeated.

2 5

4 3
6

CLASS - 4 7 8 Unified Council

 Draw various lines so that the cat and mouse
Insert the mathematical signs (+, –, ×, ÷) and brackets
have equal shapes each.
between the numbers given below to make the
relation true. Sign of decimal may also be used.

2 2 2 2 = 0

2 2 2 2 = 1

2 2 2 2 = 2

2 2 2 2 = 3

2 2 2 2 = 4

2 2 2 2 = 5

2 2 2 2 = 6

2 2 2 2 = 7

CLASS - 4 9 10 Unified Council


Reasoning and Logic are two very important characteristics of
intelligence. With these two characteristics you can predict
what will be the outcome of a certain situation without actually
waiting for it to happen. For example, you may sometimes be
knowing about the anger of your mother before she is angry
or know before hand that your teacher will praise you on seeing
your work. In such situations you know the ‘cause’ and ’effect’
of the situations. This can be called as ‘logic and reasoning’.
Non verbal reasoning enables students to analyze and solve
complex problems without relying upon or being limited by
language abilities. Many mathematical concepts, science
problems and computer science tasks require strong reasoning
skills.
WHICH ONE IS DIFFERENT ?
The purpose of this chapter is to test your ability to workout
which shapes are similar and which are different in a given
set. You need to use your observation to compare the given
shapes, symbols and find the visual link.
Example 1: Find odd one out.
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
INCOMPLETE PATTERN
In this type of questions, there is a problem figure followed by
four answer figures. In problem figure some blank space is left.
In answer figures there is only one figure, which if placed in
blank space, the problem figure will be completed. To illustrate
the idea clearly, some examples are given below.
Example 1: Find the shape or pattern that replaces question
mark.
?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Answer: (C)
WHAT COMES NEXT ?
This group of question type also tests your understanding of
shape and pattern. It relies on your ability to :
• Identify and apply a rule.
• See shapes within shapes and pattern within patterns.
• Make deductions from given sets of objects or symbols.
Example 1: What comes next in the given series ?

Answer : (C)
Explanation : In all other options, “ ” are beside to each other
while in option (C) they are opposite to each other.

CLASS - 4 11 12 Unified Council

 CODING
Something said in a secret way is known as Coding and the
(A) (B) (C) (D)
conversion of the secret code in exact meaning is known as
Decoding. In both verbal and non-verbal reasoning questions
Answer: (C) involving codes test your logical and deduction skills.
Explanation: ‘ ’ (dot) leaves one circle and locates at next Example 1: If VRUNDA is coded as XTWPFW and SWEETU is
one. So next figure in series is option (C). coded as UYGGVK then what is the code for RAKESH ?
SHAPES AFTER SUBTRACTION (A) TCMG0J (B) TCMGUJ
Like addition, the purpose of this chapter is also to identify (C) TCMJUG (D) TCMGUT
observation and logical skill of a student. From two shapes Answer: (B)
given in the question, a candidate has to decide the new shape Explanation:
which is formed after subtracting the given shape. From the
+1
options provided a candidate has to choose most appropriate
+1
option +1 Similarly
Example 1: Find the new shape after subtraction. VRUNDA XT WPFC R A K E S H
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
+1
+1 T C M G U J
+1
=? ANALOGY
The question types that make up this set are called analogies,
in both verbal and non-verbal reasoning, analogy questions
test your ability to spot a connection between two concepts.
(A) (B) You must then be able to apply this same relationship to
something else.
Example 1: Which shape completes the matching pair ?

(C) (D)
is to as is to ?
Answer: (A)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Explanation:

Answer: (C)

CLASS - 4 13 14 Unified Council

 Explanation: Rotate the faces of figure in opposite direction
and change the shade to get option (C).
INSERTING NUMBERS
In such type of questions a figure or a matrix is given in which Fun with series is a reasoning based mathematical game in which we
some numbers are filled according to a rule. You will find a place need to select a right pattern that shows the relation between the given
with (?). The candidate has to find out a number from the given series of numbers.
possible answers which may be filled in the place of (?).
Example 1: Insert the number which replaces question mark For example: In this example, there is no simple $ & # % !
(?). or transparent relationship between the individual ! # % "
numbers. But if we group some of the numbers  ! "  %
3 4 8 5 into two digit pairs, we will get a pattern as follows: # $ ! ?
11 23 80 ?
68 + 5 = 73 35 + 7 = 42 13 + 4 = 17 25 + 6 = 31
2 3 3 5 8 9 5 12
So the missing number on the fourth line is 1.
(A) 60 (B) 65 (C) 70 (D) 75
Answer: (D)
Explanation: In each triangle. 2 + (3 × 3) = 11; 3 + (5 × 4) = Below, there is a random arrangement of numbers. Find the
23; 8 + (9 × 8) = 80; 5 + (5 × 12) = 65 which is option (B). pattern and fill in the empty square.
ANALYTICAL REASONING
Example 1: How many squares like are in the following shape?
! & "
" ! ' ! "
(A) 14
Answer: (C)
(B) 15 (C) 16 (D) 17
# " $ " &
&

! #
 " % '  " $
$ # % # &
% $ ' $ ?
Explanation: #  There are 16 squares.
! $

CLASS - 4 15 16 Unified Council

 Work out what each letter stands for and work out the code
answers to these.
(a) E + F (b) F + B
The ability to think clearly and rationally is important
whatever we choose to do. Systematic thoughts can (c) E × F (d) F × B
improve the way we express and evaluate creative ideas. 2. The postman has to deliver a parcel to Point A from the post
Critical thinking can also play an important role in office. How many ways can he deliver the parcel? (Only ↑ and
cooperative reasoning and constructive tasks, acquire → movements are allowed.)
knowledge, improve our theories, and strengthen
arguments. )
The future of critical thinking includes developments in
fields such as artificial intelligence and machine-learning,
robotics, nanotechnology, 3-D printing, and genetics and
biotechnology, will cause widespread disruption not only
to business models but also to labor markets over the
next five years, with enormous change predicted in the Post Office
skill sets needed to thrive in the new landscape.
3. Copy this addition sum.
Unified council is committed in developing students'
critical thinking skills for better grades, higher test scores,
and success in life. Our efforts are to empower the mind
and encourage you to meet learning needs.
6HO6DAIA
1. Each letter A to F stands for one of these digits.

Use each of the numbers 1 to 9. Write one number in each

circle to make the sum correct.
These sums are in code.
A + A = B; A × A = DF
C + C = DB; C × C = BD
A + C = DE; A × C = EF

CLASS - 4 17 18 Unified Council

4. The chocolate cake was half-eaten when Mrs. Jatin returned
from work. Below were her children’s replies when they were
SOLUTIONS
being questioned.
MENTAL ABILITY
Hari : I did not take it!
1) (a) XXIV (b) XXIII
Mona : Neither did I.
2) (a) 09:34 (b) 15:39
Bunty : Hari took the cake!
If two of her children lied, who had eaten the chocolate cake ?
5. Divide the following triangles into 3)

3 equal parts 4 equal parts 6 equal parts

MATCHSTICK PUZZLE PAIRING

(a) (b) (c)

NUMBER PUZZLE FUN WITH SERIES

!
3 2 8 2 4
 #  4 3 9 3 4
5 4 6 4 8
" !
$ 6 5 7 5 8
' % 7 6 9 6 %

CLASS - 4 19 20 Unified Council

 DIVIDING INTO EQUAL SHAPES To go to points a, b, c, d and e = 1 way
To go to point f = 2 ways
To go to points g and i = 3 ways
To go to point h = 4 ways
To go to point j = 6 ways
To go to point A = 10 ways
He can deliver the parcel in 10 ways
GAME OF SIGN 3. & !$ #'
"'$ %"# ! %
2 2 2 2=0 2 2 2 2=1 $%# '& &"$
4. We can use the Truth-Lie table to help us find out who had
2 2 2 2=2 2 2 2 2=3 eaten the chocolate cake.
If Hari had eaten it. If Mona had eaten it.
2 2 2 2=4 2 2 2 2=5
Lie Truth Lie Truth

2 2 2 2=6
Hari 2 Hari 2
Mona 2 Mona 2
CRITICAL THINKING Bunty
2 Bunty
2
1 child lied 2 children lied
1. A = 4; B = 8; C = 9; D = 1; E = 3; F = 6
If Bunty had eaten it.
(a) E + F = C (b) F + B = DA
Lie Truth
(c) E × F = DB (d) F × B = AB
Hari 2 Mona had eaten the
2. chocolate cake.
1 h 4 10 A
Mona 2
Bunty
c 1 g 3 6 2
j
b 1 f 2 3 1 child lied
i
a 1 1
5. a) b) ?)
Post Office d e

Other solutions are possible. The numbers in circles indicate

the number of ways the postman can travel.

CLASS - 4 21 22 Unified Council