HI

ROOF FRAMING SHED P

ROOF FRAMING DESCRIBES HOW A

GROUP OF RAFTERS IS PLACED OR
JOINED TOGETHER TO SUPPORT THE
ROOF DECK. TO FRAMING THE ROOF
CORRECTLY. GAB
LE
ROOFS ARE FRAMED IN FIVE BASIC
DESIGNS: GAMB
REL MANSTA
RD
RIDGE RAFTER
COMMON ROOF FRAMING ELEMENTS BEAM
UNDERPURLI
N
STRUT COLLAR TIE
RIDGE BEAM PURLIN
PROP

STRUTING
BEAM
PLUMB CUT
BIRDSMOUTH CUT
FROM RAFTER
TOP PLATE OF WALL
CEILING JOIST
ANTI SLIP BLOCK
CANTILEVERED TOP PLATE
WALL FRAMING
CRIPPLE
WALL FRAMING IN HOUSE STUDS
CRIPPLE STUDS
CONSTRUCTION
INCLUDES THE VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL MEMBERS OF
EXTERIOR WALLS AND
INTERIOR PARTITIONS. THESE HEADE
MEMBERS, REFERRED TO AS R
STUDS, WALL PLATES AND HEADE TRIMME
R
LINTELS, SERVE AS A NAILING R
TRIMME
BASE FOR ALL COVERING TRIMME
R
R
MATERIAL AND SUPPORT THE TRIMME
UPPER FLOORS, CEILING AND R
SUBSILL
ROOF.

CRIPPLE STUDS
FLOOR FRAMING STUD
FLOOR FRAMING INCLUDES BOTTOM
ALL STRUCTURAL PLATE
COMPONENTS AND
FASTENERS USED TO SUBFLOORIN
CONSTRUCT FLOORS IN A G
HOUSE OR COMMERCIAL BAND
BUILDING. THIS TERM IS JOIST
TYPICALLY ONLY USED TO
DESCRIBE FLOORS MADE
FROM WOOD, AS OPPOSED JOIS
T
TO THOSE CONSTRUCTED
USING CONCRETE SLABS.
DOUBL
E STUD
PLATE

TREES UTILIZED FOR TIMBER

BENDING MODULUS
AND OF COMPRESSIO COMPRESSION SHEAR
TENSION ELASTICIT N PARALLEL PERPENDICUL PARALLEL
SPECIES PARALLEL Y IN TO GRAIN AR TO GRAIN TO GRAIN
TO GRAIN BENDING
MPA GPA MPA MPA MPA
AGOHO 16.40 5.14 9.06 3.69 1.84
LIUSIN 15.60 5.85 9.76 2.69 1.65
MALABAYABA
17.90 5.19 9.90 5.44 1.89
S
MANGGACHAP
16.10 6.02 10.0 3.77 1.74
UI
MOLAVE 15.00 4.09 9.60 3.96 1.80
NARIG 13.60 5.20 8.59 3.11 1.63
SASALIT 19.60 6.08 13.5 6.40 2.12
YAKAL 15.30 3.11 9.55 3.92 1.55
NARRA 11.20 3.71 7.12 1.92 1.20
APITONG 10.30 4.57 5.97 1.37 1.08
SOFT WOOD 3. AFRICAN PADAUK 
4. AFZELIA
1. ARAUCARIA 5. AGBA
2. HOOP PINE  6. ALDER
3. MONKEY PUZZLE TREE 7. BLACK ALDER 
4. PARANÁ PINE 8. RED ALDER
5. CEDAR 9. ASH 
6. CELERY-TOP PINE  10. BLACK ASH 
7. CYPRESS  11. BLUE ASH 
8. ARIZONA CYPRESS  12. COMMON ASH 
9. BALD CYPRESS, SOUTHERN CYPRESS 13. GREEN ASH 
10. ALERCE  14. OREGON ASH
11. HINOKI CYPRESS  15. PUMPKIN ASH 
12. LAWSON'S CYPRESS  16. WHITE ASH 
13. MEDITERRANEAN CYPRESS  17. ASPEN 
14. DOUGLAS-FIR  18. BIGTOOTH ASPEN
15. COAST DOUGLAS-FIR  19. EUROPEAN ASPEN
16. ROCKY MOUNTAIN DOUGLAS-FIR  20. QUAKING ASPEN
17. EUROPEAN YEW  21. AUSTRALIAN RED CEDAR
18. FIR  22. AYAN, MOVINGUI
19. BALSAM FIR  23. BALSA
20. SILVER FIR  24. BASSWOOD, LINDEN
21. NOBLE FIR  25. AMERICAN BASSWOOD 
22. PACIFIC SILVER FIR  26. WHITE BASSWOOD
23. HEMLOCK  27. AMERICAN BEECH 
24. EASTERN HEMLOCK  28. BIRCH 
25. MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK  29. AMERICAN BIRCHES
26. WESTERN HEMLOCK  30. GRAY BIRCH 
27. HUON PINE, MACQUARIE PINE 31. BLACK BIRCH
28. KAURI  32. PAPER BIRCH 
29. QUEENSLAND KAURI  33. SWEET BIRCH 
30. JAPANESE NUTMEG-YEW, KAYA  34. YELLOW BIRCH 
31. LARCH  35. EUROPEAN BIRCHES
32. EUROPEAN LARCH  36. SILVER BIRCH 
33. JAPANESE LARCH  37. DOWNY BIRCH 
34. TAMARACK  38. BLACKBEAN 
35. WESTERN LARCH  39. BLACKWOOD
36. PINE  40. AUSTRALIAN BLACKWOOD 
37. EUROPEAN BLACK PINE  41. AFRICAN BLACKWOOD, MPINGO
38. JACK PINE  42. BLOODWOOD 
39. LODGEPOLE PINE  43. BOXELDER 
40. MONTEREY PINE  44. BOXWOOD, COMMON BOX
41. PONDEROSA PINE  45. BRAZILIAN WALNUT 
42. RED PINE  46. BRAZILWOOD 
43. SCOTS PINE, RED PINE (UK) 47. BUCKEYE, HORSE-CHESTNUT
44. WHITE PINE 48. HORSE-CHESTNUT 
45. EASTERN WHITE PINE  49. OHIO BUCKEYE 
46. WESTERN WHITE PINE  50. YELLOW BUCKEYE 
47. SUGAR PINE 
48. SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE
49. LOBLOLLY PINE 
50. LONGLEAF PINE 

HARD WOOD

1. ABACHI 
2. ACACIA