DULATRE, JANELLA JOY C.

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY O5
BS ARCH 4A MT-RW-02
STRUCTURAL TYPES ACCORDING TO FORM,
STEP BY STEP CONSTRUCTION
SUPPORT AND EDGING
THE GEOMETRY OF THE STRUCTURE HAS
BECOME ESTABLISHED AS THE CRITERION FOR
CATEGORISATION. THIS GIVES INFORMATION
ABOUT THE SHAPE OF A STRUCTURAL
ELEMENT. MECHANICALLY TENSIONED,
ANTICLASTICALLY CURVED CONSTRUCTIONS
ARE DIVIDED INTO:

1. AWNINGS – HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID-

SHAPED SURFACES TENSIONED FROM TWO OR
MORE HIGH POINTS,

ERECTION:
MATERIAL, STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 2. HIGH POINT – SURFACES PULLED TO ONE OR
MEMBRANE MATERIAL, CUTTING DIRECTION: MORE HIGH POINTS FROM INSIDE OR OUTSIDE,

PES/PVC FABRIC, PARALLEL

SUPPORT: AT POINTS, MASTS
EDGING: FLEXIBLE/ROPE EDGE, WEBBING EDGE

CONSTRUCTION
STABILISATION OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE:
CRANE, TEMP ROPE, BELTS
PACKAGING OF MEMBRANE: PACKAGE/FOLDED
LOAD INTRODUCTION: AT POINTS, CORNER ERECTION:
FITTINGS
MATERIAL, STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT MEMBRANE MATERIAL, CUTTING DIRECTION:
PES/PVC, GLASS/PTFE FABRIC, PARALLEL
TYPE OF SCAFF OLDING: TRUCK-MOUNTED
SUPPORT: EXTERNAL, AT POINTS
WORKING PLATFORM EDGING: FLEXIBLE/ROPE EDGE
LIFTING DEVICE: CRANE
CONSTRUCTION
TENSIONING TOOLS: TIRFOR, CHAIN HOIST, STABILISATION OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE:
CRANE, TEMP. ROPE, BELTS
LEVER HOIST
PACKAGING OF MEMBRANE: PACKAGE/FOLDED,
GATHERED
LOAD INTRODUCTION: AT POINTS
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SCAFF OLDING: TRUCK-MOUNTED
WORKING PLATFORM
LIFTING DEVICE: TRUCK CRANE, WINCHES,
PULLEYS
TENSIONING TOOLS: HYDRAULIC PRESS,
TIRFOR, CHAIN HOIST
CONSTRUCTION
METHOD OF STABILISATION: TEMP. ROPES
PACKAGING OF MEMBRANE: GATHERED
LOAD INTRODUCTION: LINEAR, SWINGING THE
ARCHES
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SCAFF OLDING: ABSEIL WORKING
LIFTING DEVICE: CRANE WITH SPREADER BEAM
TENSIONING TOOLS: TIRFOR, LASHING STRAPS

STEP BY STEP CONSTRUCTION STEP BY STEP CONSTRUCTION

3. ARCHES – SADDLE-SHAPED SURFACES

SPANNED BETWEEN ARCH
SHAPED EDGE BEAMS

ERECTION:

MATERIAL, STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

MEMBRANE MATERIAL:
PES/PVC, GLASS/PTFE FABRIC
SUPPORT: LINEAR
EDGING: CLAMPING PLATES
4. RIDGE AND VALLEY – WAVE-SHAPED STEP BY STEP CONSTRUCTION
SURFACES SPANNED BETWEEN HIGH-LEVEL,
LINEAR ELEMENTS.

ERECTION:

MATERIAL, STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

MEMBRANE MATERIAL:
PES/PVC, GLASS/PTFE FABRIC
SUPPORT: AT POINTS/CORNER FI TTINGS
EDGING: ROPE IN SLEEVE, CLAMPING PLATES

CONSTRUCTION
METHOD OF STABILISATION:
STABLE PRIMARY STRUCTURE
PACKAGING OF MEMBRANE:
LONGITUDINALLY GATHERED OR ROLLED
LOAD INTRODUCTION:
AT POINTS, TENSIONING/RIDGE ROPE

EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF SCAFF OLDING:
HANGING SCAFF OLD, ABSEIL WORKING
LIFTING DEVICE: CRANE
TENSIONING TOOLS: HYDRAULIC PRESS,
TIRFORS

SYNCLASTICALLY CURVED CONSTRUCTIONS
TENSIONED BY PRESSURE DIFFERENCES ARE
DIVIDED INTO:
ELEMENT PILLOWS – TUBE-SHAPED INFL ATED
PILLOWS ARRANGED NEXT TO EACH OTHER,
LARGE PILLOWS – LARGE-SCALE LENTICULAR
INFL ATED PILLOWS AND
AIR-SUPPORTED HALLS – LARGE-FORMAT
DOMED INFL ATED HALLS
MEMBRANE ELEMENTS CAN ALSO BE USED ON
FRAMED SUBSTRUCTURES AS ROOM-FORMING
COVERING SURFACES FOR ALMOST ANY SHAPE.
THE EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE UNDER THE ACTION OF
LOADING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FORM-
ACTIVE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, WHICH EXPLAINS
WHY THE FL EXIBLE SURFACE LOAD-BEARING
ELEMENTS OF THESE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ARE
NORMALLY DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS
ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPE OF SUPPORT:
MEMBRANE SURFACES SUPPORTED AT A
POINT – MECHANICALLY TENSIONED HIGH POINT
AND AWNING SURFACES, WHOSE EDGES ARE
ANCHORED TO THE PRIMARY CONSTRUCTION
FROM INSIDE OR OUTSIDE AT POINTS.
MEMBRANE SURFACES SUPPORTED ALONG A
LINE – MECHANICALLY TENSIONED ARCH AND
WAVE SURFACES, WHICH ARE EDGED BY
LINEAR EDGE ELEMENTS.
MEMBRANE SURFACES SUPPORTED OVER THE
WHOLE AREA – PNEUMATICALLY TENSIONED
PILLOW CONSTRUCTIONS AND AIR
SUPPORTED HALLS, WHOSE SURFACES ARE
SUPPORTED BY THE INCREASING OR REDUCTION
OF PRESSURE.