1.

Style is derived from the Latin word “stilus” which meant a short stick sharp at one
end and flat at the other used by the Romans for writing on wax tablets.
2. Style a product of individual choices and patterns of choices among linguistic
possibilities
3. Stylistics - a separate branch of linguistics that studies expressive means and emotive
potential of the language
4. Norm an invariant of the phonemic, morphological, lexical and syntactical patterns in
circulation during a given period in the development of the given language

5. Individual style deals with the peculiarities of a writer's individual manner of using
language means to achieve the effect he desires.every individual has his own manner and
habits of using them.
The speech of an. individual which is characterized by peculiarities typical of that
particular individual is called an idiоleсt
6. Functional style may be defined as system of interrelated (normative) language
means, which serves a definite aim in communication and used in a define sphere of
communication thus fulfilling social functions: aesthetic-cognitive, informative,
convincing, progressing of ideas, reaching agreements, regulating, coordinating
relations between people and states, etc
7. Text literally means a peace of writing. There are four main types of writing: expository,
descriptive, persuasive, and narrative.
8. Linguistic context the encirclement of a language unit by other language units in speech
9. Microcontext the context of a single utterance (sentence)
10. Macrocontext the context of a paragraph in a text
11. Megacontext the context of a book chapter, a story or the whole book
12. An extralingual (situational) context is formed by extralingual conditions in
which communication takes place. Besides making the meaning of words
welldefined, a situational context allows the speaker to economize on speech efforts
and to avoid situationally redundant language signs.
13. Stylistic devices refer to any of a variety of techniques to give an additional and/or
supplemental meaning, idea, or feeling. Also known as figures of speech or
rhetorical devices, the goal of these techniques is to create imagery, emphasis, or
clarity within a text in hopes of engaging the reader.
14. Expressive means – are those phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic units
and forms which make speech emphatic.
15. Image – a certain picture of smth made by the speaker with the help of expressive
means and stylistic devises.
16. Functional styles
1) official style, represented in all kinds of official documents and papers;
2) scientific style, found in articles, brochures, monographs and other scientific and
academic publications;
3) publicist style, covering such genres as essay, feature article, most writings of
“new journalism”, public speeches, etc.;
4) newspaper style, observed in the majority of information materials printed in
newspapers;
5) belles-lettres style, embracing numerous and versatile genres of imaginative
writing