COMMUNICATION

Daniel Webster said…

“If all my possessions were to
be taken from me with one
exception, I would choose
communication, for by it I
would regain all the others.”

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WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
 COMMUNICATION
▪ It is a process of exchanging
information, ideas, thoughts,
feelings, emotions through
speech, signals, writing and
behavior.

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 COMMUNICATION
▪ It is transmission of thoughts from mind to
others.
▪ It is a process of sharing and conveying
messages or information from one person
to another within and across channels,
contexts, media, and cultures
(McCornack, 2014).

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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

1. Sender
The communication process begins
with the sender who is the source of
information.
2. Receiver
The person to whom the message is
sent.
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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

3. Message
The content or the information that the
sender gives to the receiver.
4. Channel
The means by or through which a
message is transmitted. An example is
a text message.
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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

5. Noise
This is the interference; it gets in the
way of the message being accurately
received, interpreted, or responded to.
6. Feedback
The response of the receiver to the
sender.
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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

7. Context
The setting and the situation in which
communication takes place.
The context of any communication act is the
environment surrounding it. This includes,
among other things, place, time, event, and
attitudes of sender and receiver.

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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Communication happens when a message is

encoded by a sender, decoded by a receiver,
all while navigating noise and providing feedback.
The communication process is dynamic,
continuous, irreversible, and contextual. It is not
possible to participate in any element of the
process without acknowledging the existence and
functioning of the other elements.

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 COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Communication happens when a message is

encoded by a sender, decoded by a receiver, all
while navigating noise and providing feedback.
The communication process is dynamic,
continuous, irreversible, and contextual. It is not
possible to participate in any element of the
process without acknowledging the existence and
functioning of the other elements.

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 WHY DO COMMUNICATION FAIL?

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 WHY DO COMMUNICATION FAIL?

There are many reasons why communication

fails.
Noise is anything that interrupts or blocks the
flow of information. Whenever the
understanding of a message is affected, the
obstruction is considered a barrier to
communication.

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 COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

PHYSICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERPERSONAL

BARRIERS BARRIERS BARRIERS
Noise Lack of attention Gender issues
Temperature Poor retention Competition
Medium Lack of trust Culture
Disturbance/Technical
Problem
Workplace Design Closed
minded/Filtering
Information Overflow
Physical Disabilities

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 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

PHYSICAL BARRIERS
These are the environmental and natural
conditions disrupt or interfere the message in
the communication process.

Beeping cars, talking people, open spaces

may disrupt the quality of the message sent.

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 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
It refers to influences of our mental
condition.

Narrowmindedness, prejudices, and

mental fatigue may disrupt the quality
of the message sent.

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 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

Share an experience in which your

communication fails because of a barrier.

Identify the barrier as you narrate what

happened in the situation.

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 DIFFERENT
COMMUNICATION SETTINGS

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 Intrapersonal Communication

This means communicating within

yourself.

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 Interpersonal Communication
This form of communication refers to the interactions of
two or more people.

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 Small Group Communication
This form of communication is characterized by
leadership, a somewhat equal sharing of ideas, peer
pressure, roles and norms, and focus on a common
goal, usually in face-to-face interaction. The small group
is one of the most important communication settings

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 Public Communication
This occurs where one person talks to several others
and is the dominant focus of the communication in a
public setting.

It is characterized by having a speaker and an

audience. Here, the speaker is the primary sender of
messages, while others function primarily as receivers
of those messages.

The number of the audience is not important here.

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 Public Communication

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 Mass Communication
This occurs where a message needs help to get from
point A to point B – from its source/sender to its
destination/receiver.

Some form of mechanism is needed to connect the

sender to the receivers. These include print
(newspapers or magazines), electrical (radio, television
or video), or electronic (computer modems).

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 Mass Communication

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 Organizational Communication

This is a very specialized area that focuses on

interpersonal, small-group, public and mass
communication as they interact in a complex,
multi-group setting.

It is especially important to business,

government, and educational institutions.

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 Intercultural Communication

Otherwise known as cross-cultural

communication, it describes what happens when
the sender of a message is from a different
cultural background than the intended receiver.

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 ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

Ethics is the study and practice of what is good,

right, or virtuous.

Ethical communication is a type of

communication that is predicated upon certain
business values, such as being truthful, concise,
and responsible with one’s words and the
resulting actions.

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 ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Seek to “elicit the best” in communications

and interactions with other group members.
2. Listen when others speak.
3. Speak non-judgmentally.
4. Speak from your own experience and
perspective, expressing your own thoughts,
needs, and feelings.

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 ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

5. Seek to understand others (rather than to be “right” or

“more ethical than thou”).
6. Avoid speaking for others, for example by
characterizing what others have said without
checking your understanding, or by universalizing
your opinions, beliefs, values, and conclusions,
assuming everyone shares them.
7. Manage your own personal boundaries: share only
what you are comfortable sharing.

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 ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

9. Respect the personal boundaries of others.

10. Avoid interrupting and side conversations.
11. Make sure that everyone has time to speak,
that all members have relatively equal “air
time” if they want it.

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