Purposive

Communication
I. Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Describe the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and non-verbal communication in various and multicultural contexts

2. Identify the different communication models and processes

3. Explain the importance of ethics in communication

4. Describe how English language spread throughout the world

5. Appreciate differences between standard English, world English, and Philippine English.
 01
Communication Processes,
Principles, and Ethics
 Communicatio
n
Communication is the cornerstone of human
interaction. It is the process by which
individuals exchange information, ideas,
and emotions.
 Communication Processes

Source Message
01 The speaker or sender 02 Information or ideas from the
source or speaker

Encoding Channel
03 Process of transferring the
message
04 the means to deliver the message such as
face-to-face conversations,
telephone calls, e-mails, and memos, among
others.
Decoding
05 the process of interpreting an
encoded message
06 Receiver
The recipient of the message
 Communication Processes

Feedback Context
07 Reactions or responses of the
receiver
08 Process of transferring the
message

Barrier
09 the factors which may
affect the communication
process.
ex. Culture, individual
differences, noise, status
 Communication Principles

-is a process of exchanging verbal and/or non-verbal information between two or more people
who can either be the speaker or the receiver of the messages.

-is used to meet the purpose of the person (to inform, to

persuade, or to entertain.

-can be in the form of written, verbal, non-verbal, and visuals.

Modes of Communication
VERBAL COMMUNICATION - involves an exchange
of information through face-to-face, audio and/or video
conferencing, lectures, meetings, radio, and television.

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION - involves the

following to convey or emphasize a message of
information.

● Voice – includes tone, speech rate, pitch, and

pauses.
● Body language - this includes facial expressions,
gestures, postures, and eye contact.
● Personal space or distance – this refers to area of
space and distance that a person from a different
culture, personality, age, sex, and status adopts and
puts for another person.
Modes of Communication
● Personal appearance – this refers how a person presents
himself/herself to a particular situation, whether formal or
informal.
Example of Personal
space or distance
Modes of Communication
VISUAL COMMUNICATION – type of
communication that uses visuals to convey information
and/or messages. Some examples are signs, symbols,
imagery, maps, graphs, photos, and even various forms
of electronic communications such as emoticons and
animations to convey the writer’s emotions.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION - involves text or

words encoded and transmitted through memos, letters,
reports, on-line chat, SMS, e-mail, journals and other
written documents.
 Types of Communication
According to Context
Context in communication is referred to as a composite of people interacting with each other.

Intrapersonal Communication
means talking to oneself. Some label it as self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner
dialogue.

Interpersonal
Communication
an interactive exchange takes place as interpersonal communication takes place. A
transactional does not necessarily take place since it can only be a simple interaction
greetings or ordinary conversation.
 Types of Communication
According to Context

Extended Communication
involves the use of electronic media such as televisions, radio, audio or phone
conferencing, video conferencing, and other technological means. With the use of
electronic media, messages are transmitted quickly. With this, your thinking, behavior,
and attitude may be influenced by other people and you may be persuaded to take views
you hear.

Organizational Communication
plays in organizational contexts. Organizations comprise individuals who work for
the company. For an organization to be successful, a set of rules or standards for
communication protocol should be made clear so that interaction patterns are
established.
 Types of Communication
According to Context

Organizational Communication
written and oral communication skills is needed. Two types of organizational structure:

1. Formal – allows communication to take place via designated channels of message flow
between positions in the organizations.
a. Downward communication - upper to lower positions (supervisor staff)

b. Upward communication – bottom-up (staff supervisor)

c. Horizontal communication – lateral ( belong to the same level but different department)

d. Crosswise communication- diagonal (different department at various levels)

2. Informal – comes form unofficial channels of communication. Also known as “grapevine” messages
coming from the different levels of organization are transmitted.
 Types of Communication
According to Context

Intercultural Communication
communication between or among people having different linguistics, religious, ethnic, sex,
social, and professional backgrounds. Individuals having different orientations
communicates and interpret messages differently. This particularly happens with
non-verbal communication.
Communicatio
n Models
 Communication Models

Aristotle’s Communication Model

 Communication Models

Shannon-Weavers Communication
Model
Thomson made call to his assistant “come here I want to see you”. During his call, noise appeared (transmission error) and his
assistant received “I want” only. Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback) “what do you want Thomson”.
Sender : Thomson
Encoder : Telephone (Thomson)
Channel : Cable
Noise : Distraction in voice
Reception : Telephone (Assistant)
Receiver : Assistant.
Due to transmission error or noise,
Assistant can’t able to understand Thomson’s messages.
*The noise which affect the communication flow between them.
 Communication Models

Shannon-Weavers Communication
Model
 Communication Models

Laswell’s Communication Model

 Communication Models

Berlo’s Communication Model

Communicatio
n Ethics
 Communication Ethics
1. Uphold Integrity 2. Respect diversity of
perspective and
Be truthful with
your opinion and be privacy
accurate with your Show compassion and
judgment. consideration with the
beliefs, status, affiliations,
and privacy of others.
3. Observe freedom
of expression.
Be careful of what and
how you say your words
depending on the type
of people you are
communicating with
 Communication Ethics

4. Promote access to 5. Be open-minded. 6. Develop your

communication sense of
Accept that others have accountability.
Give others an different views or
opportunity to express opinions, which may Acknowledge
what they feel and conflict with yours. responsibility for all your
think about the actions, good or bad
message being
communicated.
 Guidelines for Effective Communication

1. Be clear with your purpose.

2. Support your message with facts.
3. Be concise.
4. Provide specific information in your feedback.
5. Adjust to the needs, interest, values, and beliefs of your audience
6. Observe communication ethics.
7. Be your natural self and appear very confident.
 Thanks
***End of Lesson 1***

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