Purposive

Communication
Prepared by:
Carmelita L. Dasalla, LPT
WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
It comes from the Latin
“communicare”, meaning to share
or to make ideas common.
 Other Definitions of Communication
 It is the sharing of information between
different individuals.

Itincludes the sharing of ideas, concepts,

imaginations, behaviours and written
content.
Continuation……

Communication is simply defined as

the transfer of information from one
place to another. This transfer of
information can be conducted in
Why do people
communicate?
What might happen to
the world if
communication does
not exist?
 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
a form of transmitting messages using words symbols representing ideas and objects. It
comes in two forms:

• ORAL COMMUNICATION - face-to-face interaction, speaking

to someone on the phone, participating in meetings, delivering
speeches in programs, giving lectures or discussions.
• WRITTEN COMMUNICATION - uses symbols that are hand-
written or printed with an electronic device.
• Tone of voice
• Use of descriptive words
• Emphasis on certain phrases
• Volume of voice
 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

a form of communication which refers to the sending of

messages to another person using methods or means other
than the spoken language. Basically, it is communication
without the use of words.

 NON-VERBAL CUES – may both be intentional and

unintentional and is categorized in two (2) categories:
• Non-verbal cues produced by the body
• Non-verbal messages produced by the brood setting such as
time, space, and silence.
ELEMENTS OF THE
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
1. Sender/Source

 A sender is a person who encodes

& sends the message to the
expected receiver through an
appropriate channel.
 2. Message
 The
message is the content of communication and
may contain verbal, nonverbal or symbolic language.
 Perception and personal factors of the sender and
receiver ay sometimes distort this element and the
intended outcome of communication may not be
achieved.
 Forexample, the same message may be
communicated or perceived differently by two
individuals.
 3. Channel
A channel is a medium through which a message is sent
or received between two or more people.
 Several channels can be used to send or receive the
message, i.e. seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and
tasting.
 Whileselecting channels of communication, several
factors must be considered: availability of channel(s),
purpose, suitability, types of receivers, types of
message, preference of sender and receivers, etc.
4. Receiver

A receiver is an individual or a group of

individuals intended to receive, decode and
interpret the message sent by the sender/source
of the message.
A receiver is also known as decoder.
 Heis expected to have the ability and skills to
receive, decode and interpret the message.
5. Feedback

 A feedback is also known as

audience's response; it enables the
sender to evaluate the
effectiveness of his/her message
6. Environment

The place, the feeling, the mood,

the mindset and the condition of
both sender and receiver are
called the environment.
7. Context

Itinvolves the expectations of the

sender and the receiver and the
common or shared understanding
through the environmental signals.
8. Interference

also known as barrier or block

that prevents effective
communication to take place.
 Kinds of Interference/
Barriers
Psychological barriers
Physical barriers
Linguistic and cultural barriers
Mechanical barriers
 Psychological barriers

These are thoughts that hamper

the message to be interpreted
correctly by the receiver.
 Physical barriers

Itinclude competing stimulus,

weather and climate, health and
ignorance of the medium.
 Linguistic and Cultural
Barriers

pertain to language and its

cultural environment. Words may
mean another in different
cultures.
 Mechanical barriers

Those raised by the channels

employed for interpersonal, group or
mass communication. These include
cell phones, laptops and other
gadgets used in communication
 The Nine Principles of Effective
Communication
Michael Osborn (2009) claims that communication must meet certain standards
for effective communication to take place.
1. Clarity – the quality of being coherent and intelligible
2. Concreteness - means a person's message is specific, to the point and
definitive. It is the opposite of being vague or non-specific.
3. Courtesy -  is the respect that we show to others and in
business communication also it means the same thing.
4. Correctness -  implies that there are no grammatical errors
in communication.
5. Consideration -  implies “stepping into the shoes of others”.
Effective communication must take the audience into consideration, i.e, the
audience's view points, background, mind-set, education level, etc. Make an
attempt to envisage your audience, their requirements, emotions as well as
problems.
The Nine Principles of
Effective
Communication
Michael Osborn (2009)
1.Clarity
– the quality of being coherent
and intelligible.

2.Concreteness - means a person's message

is specific, to the point and definitive. It
is the opposite of being vague or non-
specific.
3. Courtesy -  is the respect that we show to
others and in business communication also
it means the same thing.

4. Correctness -  implies that there are no

grammatical errors in communication.
5. Consideration -  implies “stepping into the
shoes of others”.
Effective communication must take the
audience into consideration, i.e. the
audience's view points, background, mind-set,
education level, etc. Make an attempt to
envisage your audience, their requirements,
emotions as well as problems.
6. Creativity -  It's communicating
creatively in a way that best connects
with your target audience.

7. Conciseness - complete information

about a topic or idea in a few words.
8. Cultural Sensitivity - is the state of
being aware of the existence of
the cultural differences or similarities
between each other without considering
any culture as a measure of something
good or bad, positive or negative.
9. Captivating - that addresses the
need for meaning so that you create a
real connection with your audience
and make your customers feel special
and turn into fans.
Ethical Considerations in Communication

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of

right and wrong in human affairs.
Ethical Communicators:
1. Respects audience.
2. Consider the result of communication.
3. Value truth.
4. Use information correctly.
5. Do not falsify information.
ACTIVITY 1
Illustrate the communication process through a
diagram.

ACTIVITY 2
What have you learned in today’s lesson?