CHAPTER III

MANAGING AND
CARING FOR THE SELF
Lesson 1:
Learning to Be a
Better Learner
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:

1. Explain how learning occurs;

2. Enumerate various metacognition and
studying techniques; and
3. Identify the metacognitive techniques
that you find most appropriate for
yourself.
METACOGNITION
Commonly defined as
“thinking about thinking”

 It is the awareness of the scope and limitations of your

current knowledge and skills.
METACOGNITION
 Includes keeping one’s emotions and
motivations while learning in check

 Enables the person to adapt their existing knowledge

and skills to approach a learning task, seeking for the
optimum result of the learning experience
When you sense that you are experiencing some
difficulty with a topic you are studying, and you
try out different strategies to learn better, you
are practicing

 Enables the person to adapt their existing knowledge

and skills to approach a learning task, seeking for the
optimum result of the learning experience
Metacognition basically has two aspects:

1. self-appraisal is
your personal
reflection on your
knowledge and
capabilities.
Metacognition basically has two aspects:

2. self-management is the
mental process you employ
using what you have in
planning and adapting to
successfully learn or
accomplish a certain task.
Similar concepts:
1) metacognitive knowledge or what you
know about how you think

2) metacognition regulation or how you

adjust your thinking processes to help you
learn better
Under metacognitive knowledge, there are metacognitive knowledge,
Under
several variables that affect how you know
there are several variables that
or assess yourself as a thinker: affect how you know or assess
yourself as a thinker:
1. Personal variable, which is your
evaluation of your strengths and weaknesses
in learning
 Under metacognitive knowledge,
there are several variables that
2. Task variable, which is what you know
affector
how you know or assess
what you think about the nature of the task, as a thinker:
yourself
as well as what strategies the task requires
 Under metacognitive knowledge,
there are several variables that
3. Strategy variable refers to what strategies
affect how you know or assess
or skills you already have in dealing with
certain tasks. yourself as a thinker:
 For example: “I know that I
For example: “I know that(person
I (person variable)
variable) havehave
difficulty with word problems (taskwith
difficulty variable), so I
word problems
will answer the computational problemssofirst
(task variable), and
I will
save the word problems for last (strategy
answer the computational
variable).” problems first and save the
word problems for last
(strategy variable).”
 The following are other skills that can help you
in exercising metacognition:

Knowing your Modifying Skimming

limits. your approach

Rehearsing Self-Test
Other strategies:
• asking questions about your methods
• self-reflection
• finding a mentor or support group if necessary
• thinking out loud
• welcoming errors as learning experiences
Education is not the learning of facts, but
the training of the mind to think.
-Albert Einstein