THE EFFECTS OF BRGY.

PAPANDAYAN CANIOGAN DUMPSITE TO

GREENHOUSE EFECT AMIDST THE SPREAD OF COVID-19

FATMAH R. BASHER
Mindanao State University - Marawi
bfatmah321@gmail.com

July 2021
RATIONALE
At the beginning of twentieth century, the simple dumpsite was the most common
method for the disposal of solid waste. The dumpsite at Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan was started
on 2002 before this pandemic started. It was a temporary sanitary landfill for the 7 barangays
resides in the city government of Marawi city since the occurrence of Marawi siege. According
to Atty. Abbas Lao, a Focal person in Solid Waste Management Project, Marawi City DENR
under Task Force Bangon Marawi, on the interview in Raffy Tulfo in Action, that he said “the
dumpsite will be rehabilited and possible sanitary landfill project will be implemented”.
However, the said dumpsites greatly affects its people especially with this pandemic times.

According to many studies, a possibly high risk of the virus is between children and
adults. The computer Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the population of Papandayan
Caniogan, there are 76 youth dependents to every 100 of the working age population; there are
aged/senior citizen to every 100 of the working population; and overall, there are 78 dependents
(young and old-age) to every 100 of the working population. According to the 2015 census, the
age group with the highest population in Papandayan Caniogan is 5-9 with 325 individuals.
Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 76 to 79, with two individuals.

The emergent of COVID-19 is a transmittable disorders characterized by severe acute

respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) (Islam et al., 2020). By massive human-to-
human transmission, COVID 19 has deeply hit the world and prompted a spike in the human
mortality rate and massive economic casualties around the world (Bukhari and Jameel, 2020). In
late 2019, the first case of COVID-19 was identified in China and since then has spread very
quickly throughtout the world (O, Li et al., 2020). On March 11, 2020, the World Health
Organization (WHO) announced the novel coronavirus disease as a pandemic.

In people with cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, the mortality risk of COVID-19
is substantially higher. Cardiovascular and respiratory disorders are also closely related to air
pollution that might affects to its greenhouse effect. Emissions leading to respiratory health
conditions from primary pollutants containing particulate matter (aerosols) and gases such as
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) also have adverse environmental effects like soil and water acidification
(Griffin et al., 2019; Mulonga and Siziya, 2019; Xu et al., 2020)
 Landfills are a significant source of methane, the most efficient gas to greenhouse
emissions. Biosoilids are used for the creation of very special topsoil to cover the
decommissioned landfills. Topsoil is known to contain microorganisms, converting methane to
carbon dioxide, which is greenhouse gas with lesser potential of energy to kill the virus.
Greenhouse gases like methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide are produced from the
landfill, which contributes directly to global warming and climate change. As a results, a high
risk of COVID-19 resides in the said barangay will be enhanced and possibly many cases will be
reported in the future.

The greenhouse effect is identified by the differences between the effective radiating
temperature of the earth surface and its surface temperature. The difference between the energy
emitted by the surface and can therefore be defined as the long wave energy trapped in the
atmosphere. The origin of the term greenhouse was actually associated with providing a
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) through framed or inflated structure, covered by
transparent or translucent material that permits optimum light and hence energy transmission.
This closed structure will accumulate thermal energy if kept exposed to solar energy with little or
no air movement (Jensen and Malter, 1995). In a study by Duan et al., (2003) on the SARS-CoV-
19 on its deactivation when exposed to UV (260nM) for about 60 min resulted in the destruction
of virus infectivity.

Another study on the Coronavirus, using two potential surrogates were evaluated in the
study, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) concluded,
these viruses can survive on different surfaces from hours to days and the optimum deactivation
of the virus happened at around 50% RH (Casanova et al., 2010). The same study confirmed that
the virus infectivity with increased by temperatures higher than 40 C and at this level of
temperature, RH was not significant for the deactivation of the viruses. Following the SARS
outbreak in 2003 some studies were conducted to examine the survival of the virus in relation to
environmental conditions.

Thus, the environmental issues concerning at Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan dumpsite is

not a quip for the people living there. Not only that, the said dumpsite is very crucial to this
spouting rumours of the SARS-COV-19 in Marawi City. Hence, this study aim to know more
about the effects of the dumpsite to greenhouse effect amidst this pandemic. Perhaps, we know
that certain studies prove that dumpsite loosen the emits of the energy produced because of the
air pollution we get from this. We can also foretell if having a lot of cases in Marawi city is
about its environmental issues. Thus, this study will go vividly on the observations to its people,
the environment, and the said virus.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study attempted to find out the effects of Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan Dumpsite to
greenhouse effect amidst COVID-19. Specifically, this study endeavored to answer the following
queries:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. gender

1.2. age

2. What are the effects of Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan Dumpsite to greenhouse effect amidst
COVID-19 in terms of:

1.1. residents

1.2. garbage collector

1.3. environment

1.4. health workers

1.5. government official

3. What are the possible solutions for the COVID-19 to stop from spreading?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant in giving information and rectifying understanding and

perspective on the postulated conceptualization for the following:
 People. The result of the study may help the people in Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan
dumpsite to have a better idea about the effects of the said dumpsite to greenhouse effect amidst
this pandemic. However, not only the residents would benefit this study but also the entire
Marawi city knowing that the dumpsite is an open-air area. In this study, the people will have
concrete awareness of its effect so that they will not be suspected for the coronavirus.

Community. The findings of the study help the community promote cleanliness and with
zero cases of COVID 19. A good environment will result to the deactivation of the said virus
with enormous certainty that the outbreak for coronavirus in Marawi city will end. Thus, the
study benefits its community to attain freedom from the virus.

Health Workers. The importance of the health workers during this pandemic is very
crucial to them to sacrifice their own safety. Everyday they strive to cure those people with the
coronavirus without no doubt. Hence, the study want to help the health workers solve the
problem with this pandemic. Thus, this health workers need also to rest for their hardworks and
service to the people and the country.

Future researchers. The result of this study may serve as a guide in gathering more data
and ideas in exploring new studies in the world of knowledge. It also encourage them to conduct
parallel study by enhancing the scope and variables in order to obtain in optimal results on the
effectiveness of the study about the said virus.

EXPECTED OUTPUT OF THE STUDY

In this study, the researcher responses to the possible effects of the Brgy. Papandayan
Caniogan dumpsite to greenhouse effect amidst this capricious spread of COVID-19. Firstly, the
researcher gets the profile of the respondents in terms of gender and age. According to the World
Health Organizations (WHO), the COVID-19 virus is more severe in people who are older than
60 years and children who are below averages. These two type of people are sicklier than the
others which causes them to have high-risk of the said virus because of lower immune system.

Secondly, the researcher distributes the survey questionnaires to the residents and to
those garbage collector about their effects of COVID-19 concerning environmental conditions.
The researcher may go under investigations under the Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan dumpsite
about its effects to greenhouse effect since according to a study that the energy of the sun can kill
the virus and bacteria emits in the air. However, the conditions of the said dumpsites deny this
study because of the pollutants educe from the air of the said dumpsite.

Thirdly, the researcher confirms to some experts about this effects of Brgy. Papandayan
Caniogan dumpsite to greenhouse effect to some health workers. The researchers can asked
doctors and nurses who are in the field of specializing COVID-19 virus. These health workers
can have a perception about the effects of the dumpsite of Marawi city to greenhouse effect
amidst this tragedy we are facing nowadays. Hence, the city government of Marawi city can also
help in making solutions about the spread of virus by doing firstly the cleanliness of the
environment. Thus, the study aims to reduce the spread of the virus and to help the residents of
the Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan from getting polluted.

METHODOLOGY

In conducting this study, the reasercher first administrered a pilot test for the possible
revision and for the establishment of the validity and reliability of the instruments used. There
are two research methods used in this study. Firstly, the researcher make used of self-made
questionnaire which is constructed by the researcher upon approval. The questionnaire is given
to the residents of Brgy. Papandayam Caniogan and to the garbage collectors, which contains
three parts: 1) the respondents’ profile in terms of gender and age; 2) the questionnaire; 3) the
interview guide questions that were answered by the respondents. The said questionnaire were
mainly focused on the effects of Brgy. Papandayan Caniogan dumpsite to greenhouse effect
amidst the spread of COVID-19. Secondly, the researcher used interview guide questionnaire to
conform the answers of some health workers and the government official of Marawi city
regarding the effects of the dumpsite to greenhouse effect with this pandemic striving. The
interview were recorded using voice-recorder upon the approval of the respondents. Afterwards,
the researcher collected the questionnaire and interviews for retrieval for tabulation and analysis
using the formula for getting the frequency and percentage, % = (F/N) x 100 and ranking. The
frequency and percentage was employed to determine the frequency counts and percentage
distribution of personal related variables of the respondents. While, the ranking was used in
ordering the data with respect to a specified standards or criteria from highest to lowest or vice
versa.

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