Tables and Definitions

Moreover, evaluations of road elements are evaluated on three categories:
 Comparison of actual and standard dimensions of the road elements
 Roadside condition and the condition of the road elements and;
 Serviceability of the road elements
The evaluation based on the comparison of the actual and standard dimensions are based
on the criteria stated on the table below.
Table 1. Criteria for the Evaluation Based on the Dimension of Road Elements
Evaluation Criteria
SATISFACTORY When road element located on both sides
of the road on a station conform to the
standard dimensions assigned for each
element. Standard width of shoulders,
sidewalks and canals are 3 m, 1.2 m, and
0.3 m to 1.8 m respectively. Standard
culvert diameter ranges from 0.3 to 2.0 m.
STANDARD When a road element located on either side
of the road on a station conform to the
standard dimensions assigned for each
element. Standard width of shoulders,
sidewalks and canals are 3 m, 1.2 m, and
0.3 m to 1.8 m respectively. Standard
culvert diameter ranges from 0.3 to 2.0m.
When a road element located on both or
NONSTANDARD either side of the road on a station does not
conform to the standard dimensions
assigned for each element. Standard width
of shoulders, sidewalks and canals are 3 m,
1.2 m, and 0.3 m to 1.8 m respectively.
Standard culvert diameter ranges from 0.3
to 2.0 m.
Table 2. Criteria for the Overall Evaluation of Road Elements Along the
Circumferential Road on the Municipality of Gasan
Criteria for Overall Evaluation

Road element has satisfactory ratings on all categories of
evaluation which means that the road element is
Very Good
constructed conforming to standard dimensions, of good
present condition and has satisfactorily serve its purpose.
Road element has 2 satisfactory ratings and 1

unsatisfactory rating given that the unsatisfactory rating is
under the evaluation by serviceability category. This
means that the road element is constructed conforming to
Good
standard dimensions assigned for that road element, of
good present condition but it does not satisfactorily serve
its purpose of providing safe, comfort and convenience
while travelling.
Road element has 2 satisfactory ratings and 1
unsatisfactory rating given that the unsatisfactory rating is
under the evaluation by dimension category. Road
element is of good present condition and satisfactorily
Acceptable
serve its purpose of providing safe, comfort and
convenience while travelling but it is not constructed
conforming to standard dimensions assigned for that road
element,
The rating for the overall evaluation is based on the Likerts Scale. Likerts Scale is
a rating scale used to assess opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. This researchers used the
rating for quality from the Likerts Scale. The researchers highlight the importance of the
standard design and dimension of the roadway because of its evident contribution on safety
while on the road. Similarly, a study entitled “Roadside Infrastructure for Safer Roads” of
the European Best Practice For Roadside Design states that, “The road width, types of lane
markings, roadside geometry etc. should provide clues to the driver that signal appropriate
driving speeds and lane positioning for the type of road and indicate what type of other
road users to expect.” The same study states that, “By maintaining consistent and uniform
road and roadside design procedures, the road meets drivers’ expectancy and drivers can
anticipate changes in operation conditions....”. Thus, the researchers give foremost
consideration whether the roadway and the road elements the standard dimension for such.
This leads to the development of the criteria stated in Table 2 where there are three ratings
which is based on the rating of the road element on the three categories namely: Evaluation
by cross-section dimensions, evaluation by roadside condition or present condition and
evaluation by serviceability. The first rating “Very Good” is given as a rating if the road
element has three satisfactory rating or it received satisfactory rating on all given categories
of evaluation. The second rating, on the other hand, is “good” which means that the road
element has satisfactory rating on 2 categories of evaluation namely: evaluation based on
cross-section dimensions and evaluation based on roadside condition and an unsatisfactory
rating on the evaluation by serviceability category. Serviceability is considered satisfactory
if the road element serve its purpose of ensuring safety and comfort while travelling.
Acceptable is when a road element has satisfactory rating on evaluation by roadside
condition and evaluation by serviceability, however, unsatisfactory rating is given on the
road element on evaluation by dimension because it is not constructed based on the
standard dimensions. Notice that Good and Acceptable are almost the same, however, the
researchers give prime importance that the road element conform to the standard
dimensions allotted due to its positive effects on safety. Similarly, an article of Transport
and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific stated, “One study found that the
probability for road with a 60 cm wide shoulder on each side, has thirty percent (30%)
more crash risk than a road having a 1.8 meter wide shoulder on each side.” The article of
the Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific highlights the
importance of conforming to standard dimensions. Moreover, if the road element conforms
to the standards there is high probability that it can serve its purpose. The reasons stated in
the previous sentences signifies the reason why the researchers arrived with the rating listed
in Table 2.
Table 3: Road Elements along the Circumferential Road of the Municipality of Gasan
Table 3.1: Road Element (Shoulder)
LENGTH
ROAD ELEMENTS LRP + DISP 1 LRP + DISP 2 LOCATIONS TYPES
(M)
A. SHOULDER
0095+093 0095+106.75 13.75 Both sides Concrete
0095+106.75 0095+123 16.25 Both sides Concrete
0095+123 0095+433.89 310.89 Both sides Concrete
0095+433.89 0095+469.49 35.6 Both sides Concrete
0095+498.29 0095+512.29 14 Both sides Concrete
0095+512.29 0095+547.04 34.75 Right side Concrete

0106+343.6 0106+354 10.4 Left side Concrete
0106+354 0106+388.6 34.6 Left side Concrete
0109+081.36 0109+086.96 5.6 Left side Concrete
Table 3.2: Road Element (Side Slope)

LENGTH
(M)
B. SIDE SLOPE
0096+899.06 0096+978.06 79 Left side Embankment
0097+045.56 0097+074.96 29.4 Left side Embankment
0100+850.27 0100+871.27 21 Right side Embankment
0101+213.2 0101+276.15 62.95 Both sides Cut
0101+302.79 0101+666.17 363.38 Both sides Cut
0101+666.17 0101+747.58 81.41 Left side Cut
0101+782.98 0102+307.15 524.17 Left side Cut
0102+662.12 0102+740.8 78.68 Left side Cut
0103+845.09 0103+868.09 23 Left side Cut
0106+513.2 0106+538.7 25.5 Right side Cut
0106+555.71 0106+563.61 7.9 Both sides Embankment
0106+765.21 0106+787.56 22.35 Left side Cut
0107+323.83 0107+434.69 110.86 Right side Cut
0107+434.69 0107+452.89 18.2 Both sides Embankment
0107+452.89 0107+473.66 20.77 Right side Embankment
Table 3.3: Road Element (Sidewalk)
LENGTH
(M)
C. SIDEWALK
Table 3.4: Road Element (Canal)
LENGTH
(M)
D. CANAL
0095+106.75 0095+433.89 327.14 Both sides Close
0095+891.29 0095+991.17 99.88 Right side Close
0096+056.97 0096+170.67 113.7 Right side Close
0097+074.96 0098+280.19 1205.23 Right side Open
0098+349.02 0098+824.32 475.3 Right side Open
0099+565.86 0099+725.56 159.7 Right side Close
0099+857.31 0099+918.56 61.25 Right side Close
0100+100.76 0100+790.27 689.51 Both sides Close
0101+009.77 0102+740.8 1731.03 Right side Open
0102+817.75 0103+814.04 996.29 Right side Open
0104+324.1 0104+366.1 42 Right side Open
0104+789.46 0104+850.46 61 Left side Close
0104+850.46 0106+343.6 1493.14 Right side Close
0106+632.76 0106+682.86 50.1 Both sides Open
0106+682.86 0106+891.56 208.7 Right side Open
0106+902.71 0106+956.13 53.42 Right side Open
0106+956.13 0107+184.19 228.06 Both sides Open
0107+184.19 0107+254.88 70.69 Right sides Open
0107+261.43 0107+323.83 62.4 Left side Open
0108+837.91 0108+928.81 90.9 Right side Open
0109+081.36 0109+621.66 540.3 Right side Open
0110+051.58 0110+090.58 39 Left side Open
0110+095.58 0110+429.74 334.16 Left side Open
Table 3.5: Road Element (Signage)
LRP + LRP +
ROAD ELEMENTS LENGTH (M) LOCATIONS TYPES
DISP 1 DISP 2
E. SIGNAGE
Regulatory,
39 pieces - - Left side informative,
guide
Regulatory,
36 pieces - - Right side informative,
guide
Table 3.6: Road Element (Guardrails)

LRP + LRP + LENGTH
ROAD ELEMENTS LOCATIONS TYPES
DISP 1 DISP 2 (M)
F. GUARDRAILS
0095+040 0095+073 33 Both sides Concrete
0095+498.29 0095+512.29 14 Right side Concrete
0100+929.17 0100+937.67 8.5 Both sides Steel

0105+866.47 0105+883.97 17.5 Right side Steel
0106+538.7 0106+545.45 6.75 Both sides Steel
0106+555.71 0106+563.61 7.9 Both sides Steel
0107+696.96 0107+705.36 8.4 Left side Steel
0107+860.51 0107+867.03 6.52 Both sides Steel
0107+867.03 0107+876.97 9.94 Right side Steel

0110+051.58 0110+090.58 39 Right side Concrete
Table 3.7: Road Element (Culverts)
LRP + LRP + LENGTH

ROAD ELEMENTS LOCATIONS TYPES
DISP 1 DISP 2 (M)
G. CULVERTS
0096+180.62 0096+390.28 - - Circular
0097+074.96 0097+616.86 - - Circular
0098+280.19 0098+329.99 - - Circular
0102+825.29 0102+842.34 - - Box
0104+850.46 0104+903.05 - - Circular
0105+866.47 0105+883.97 - - Circular
0106+765.21 0106+787.56 - - Circular
0107+876.97 0108+304.41 - - Box
0108+966.97 0108+971.81 - - Circular
0109+621.66 0109+624.46 - - Circular
0110+051.58 0110+090.58 - - Circular
0110+429.74 0110+443.34 - - Box

Table 3 shows the gathered data on road elements along the circumferential road of
the Municipality of Gasan, such as the stations, length, locations, and types of shoulder,
side slope, sidewalk, canal, and guardrails. It also contained the number and locations of
signage along the circumferential road. The stations, locations, and types of culverts were
also reflected in the table.
Table 4: Percentage of Road Elements along the Circumferential Road of the

Municipality of Gasan
Table 4.1.
Road Elements Length, Te (meter,m) Percentage (%), P1

a. Shoulder 6,192.37 39.05
b. Side Slope 1,984.60 12.51
c. Sidewalk 214.1 1.35
d. Canal 10,427.71 65.76
e. Guardrail 4,568.05 28.8
Note: The total length of the circumferential road of Municipality Gasan was T r = 15,858.55 meters.
Table 4.1 presents the percentage of existing road elements along the
circumferential road of Municipality of Gasan. Using the formula P1 = Te/Tr (100), the
results were obtained. The most common existing road elements along the circumferential
road of Municipality of Gasan were the canal with 65.76%; the second was shoulder with
39.05%, third was guardrail with 28.80%, fourth was side slope with 12.35%, and lastly,
sidewalk with 1.35%.
Table 4.2
Road Elements Pieces
a. Signage 82
b. Culvert 12
In table 4.2, signage and culvert have no percentages because their data were
obtained by direct counting.
Table 5: Percentage of Types of Road Elements along the Circumferential Road of
the Municipality of Gasan
Table 5.1: Road Element (Shoulder)
Length Types and Length Tt (meter, m) Percentage (%), P2,

Te(
respectively
meter, m) Concrete Asphalt Gravel Earth
6,192.37m 6,192.37 - - 9666.18 39.05 - - 60.95
Note: P2 = Tt/Te(100) was used to obtain the percentages of the types of road elements.
Table 5.1 shows the shoulder types that existed along the circumferential road of
Municipality of Gasan, and the percentages of each were reflected
Table 5.2: Road Element (Side Slope)
Types and Length Tt (meter,

Length Te( meter, m)
m) Percentage (%),
P2, respectively
Embankment Cut
1,984.6m
265.97 1,718.63 13.4 86.6
Table 5.2 reflects the percentage and the types of side slopes that existed along the
circumferential road of the Municipality of Gasan.
Table 5.3: Road Element (Sidewalk)

Length Te( meter, m) Percentage (%), P2,
m) respectively
Concrete Asphalt Gravel
214.1m 214.1 - - 100 - -
Table 5.3 reflects the percentages and the types of sidewalks that existed along the
Table 5.4: Road Element (Canal)
Types and Length Tt (meter, m)

Length Te( Percentage (%), P2,
Unlined Lined Lined Storm
meter, m) respectively
Canal Open Closed Drain
10,427.71m - 6,405.74 4,021.97 - - 61.43 38.57 -
Table 5.4 reflects the percentages and the types of canals that existed along the
Table 5.5: Road Element (Signage)
Types Percentage (%), P2,

Pieces
Regulatory Informative Guide respectively
82 26 28 28 31.70 34.15 37.33
Table 5.5 shows the types of signage that existed along the circumferential road of
the Municipality of Gasan and its percentages.
Table 5.6: Road Element (Guardrail)

Length Te( meter, m)Types Percentage (%), P2,
m) respectively
Steel Concrete Wood
4,568.05 95.18 4,472.87 - 2.08 97.92 -
Table 5.6 reflects percentages and the types of guardrails that existed along the
Table 5.7: Road Element (Culvert)
Types Percentage (%), P2,

Pieces
Pipe Box Arch respectively
12 9 3 - 75 25 -
Table 4.7 reflects the percentages and the types of culverts that existed along the
circumferential road of the Municipality of Gasan
Evaluation of the Road Elements Along the Circumferential Road of the Municipality
of Gasan considering cross section of road elements, roadside condition and
serviceability
Road elements present along the circumferential road of the Municipality of Gasan are
shoulders, side slopes, sidewalks, guardrails, canals, culverts and signages. In order to
provide an accurate evaluation for the fore mentioned road elements the researchers
consider three factors that will determine the overall evaluation of the road elements.
Cross-section of the road elements considers the length, width, depth, thickness, location,
diameter and color. On the other hand, roadside condition evaluates the road element
whether there are obstructions on shoulders, sidewalks and others or whether the road
elements are in present condition. To evaluate the roadside condition, the researchers use
a checklist to have a detailed evaluation of the roadside condition. Serviceability is
evaluated by asking the drivers from different tricycle operators and drivers association,
the researchers believe that they will give more experience-based evaluation of the road
elements given the fact that they traverse the circumferential road on a daily basis
regardless of the present weather condition. In relation to that the researchers provide a
questionnaire to ask the opinion of the drivers regarding the serviceability of the road
elements.
Evaluation of Cross-Section of Road Elements
Road elements are assigned with standard dimensions or minimum dimensions that
should be followed on the design and construction of a certain roadway. The standard
dimensions vary based on the location of the roadway. There is a difference between the
standards for urban and rural roadways which consider the population and the presence of
different establishments that creates traffic and congestion. This study evaluates the actual
dimension of existing road elements such as the shoulder, the sidewalk and the canals or
ditches that are common road elements seen on rural areas especially those areas near
institutional and commercial buildings. However, the researchers failed to evaluate the
dimensions of other road elements such as the side slope, the culverts, the guard rails and
the signage. Side slope are difficult to evaluate considering that standards are given as the
vertical and horizontal measurements. Culverts, on the other hand are not visible on the
road way, thus, the researchers could not determine its actual dimensions and present
condition. Moreover, there are a few data regarding guard rails and their present condition
and serviceability are all satisfactory thus the researcher does not evaluate their actual
dimensions. Signage are divided into three categories, and based on the standards provided
the signage are all satisfactory and well-designed because it conform to the standard color,
dimensions and location of the signs.
Table 6: Evaluation of the Cross-section of Road elements
Table 6.1: Cross-section of Shoulders
ROAD
ELEMENTS
and CROSS -
SECTION Standard
Start LRP + End LRP + DIMENSION
Length Width of Evaluation
Distance DISP1 Distance DISP2 S
Shoulder
Shoulders
L R
218 0095+093 231.75 0095+106.75 13.75 3m 3m 3m satisfactory
231.75 0095+106.75 248 0095+123 16.25 3m 3m 3m satisfactory
248 0095+123 558.89 0095+433.89 310.89 3m 3m 3m satisfactory
558.89 0095+433.89 594.49 0095+469.49 35.6 3m 3m 3m satisfactory
623.29 0095+498.29 637.29 0095+512.29 14 3m 3m 3m satisfactory

637.29 0095+512.29 672.04 0095+547.04 34.75 3m 3m standard
672.04 0095+547.04 683.5 0095+558.5 11.46 3m 3m standard
3281.89 0098+156.89 3334.74 0098+209.74 52.85 3m 3m standard
8096.42 0102+971.42 8106.07 0102+981.07 9.65 3m 3m standard
11468.6 0106+343.6 11479 0106+354 10.4 3m 3m standard
11479 0106+354 11513.6 0106+388.6 34.6 3m 3m standard
3.5
14127.36 0108+995.81 14158.26 0109+026.71 30.9 2.2m 3m satisfactory
m
3.5
14158.26 0109+026.71 14184.91 0109+053.36 26.65 2.2m 3m satisfactory
m
3.5
14212.91 0109+081.36 14218.51 0109+086.96 5.6 3m standard
m
3.5
14218.51 0109+089.96 14337.31 0109+205.76 118.8 2.2m 3m satisfactory
m
3.5
14337.31 0109+205.76 14442.91 0109+311.36 105.6 2.2m 3m satisfactory
m
Table 6.1 shows the width of the shoulder on the left and right side of the road. 59
stations has shoulder located on both sides of the road, based on the comparison of the
standard width for shoulder both shoulders located on the left and right side of the road
conform with the standard. Similarly, 7 stations have shoulders on either of the road and
all the shoulder conform to the standard width indicated. Out of 184 stations, 66 roadway
stations are constructed with a shoulder or about thirty six percent (35.89%) of the stations
are equipped with a shoulder.

Table 6.2: Cross-Section of Sidewalks
Start LRP + End LRP + Length ROAD Standard EVALUATION
Distance DISP1 Distance DISP2 ELEMENTS Width of
and CROSS - Sidewalk
SECTION
DIMENSIONS
SIDEWALK
683.5 0095+558.5 920.55 0095+795.55 237.05 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
1667.76 0096+542.76 1888.86 0096+763.86 221.1 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
5225.76 0100+100.76 5505.66 0100+380.66 279.9 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
5505.66 0100+380.66 5826.17 0100+701.17 320.51 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
8114.47 0102+989.47 8117.68 0102+992.68 3.21 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
8324.77 0103+199.77 8368.48 0103+243.48 43.71 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
8569.05 0103+444.05 8662.3 0103+537.3 93.25 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
9030.21 0103+905.21 9070.87 0103+945.87 40.66 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
9070.87 0103+945.87 9323.69 0104+198.69 252.82 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
9975.46 0104+850.46 10028.05 0104+903.05 52.59 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
12016.56 0106+891.56 12027.71 0106+902.71 11.15 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
12081.13 0106+956.13 12084.63 0106+959.63 3.5 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
14103.36 0108+971.81 14127.36 0108+995.81 24 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
14756.01 0109+624.46 14970.81 0109+838.56 214.1 1m 1.2 m nonstandard
Table 6.2 shows the comparison of the actual width of the existing sidewalks along
the circumferential road and the standard width of a sidewalks for roadways on rural area
based on the comparison made on the table above, out of all the existing sidewalks none
conform on the standard width of the sidewalk. The actual dimensions of the sidewalks are
less than 0.2 meters than the standard dimensions. It is considerably a small difference but
it is enough to provide more space for opposing pedestrians especially on areas that has
greater volume of vehicles like markets, schools and churches which need a standard
sidewalk to ensure safe passage of walking pedestrians amidst the number of passing
vehicles.
Table 6.3 Cross-section of Canals or Ditches

ROAD
ELEMENTS
and CROSS -
LRP + LRP + SECTION Standard
Start End Length EVALUATION
Distance DISP1 Distance DISP2 DIMENSIONS Width of
Canal
Left Right
Canal Canal
231.75 0095+106. 248 0095+123 16.25 0.7 m 0.76 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Satisfactory
75
248 0095+123 558.89 0095+433.89 310.89 0.7 m 0.76 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Satisfactory
1016.29 0095+891. 1116.17 0095+991.17 99.88 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard

29
1181.97 0096+056. 1295.67 0096+170.67 113.7 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
97
2199.96 0097+074. 2741.86 0097+616.86 541.9 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
96
2741.86 0097+616. 3031.44 0097+906.44 289.58 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
86
3031.44 0097+906. 3142.04 0098+017.04 110.6 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
44
3142.04 0098+017. 3152.14 0098+027.14 10.1 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
04
3152.14 0098+027. 3281.89 0098+156.89 129.75 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
14
3281.89 0098+156. 3334.74 0098+209.74 52.85 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
89
3334.74 0098+209. 3378.22 0098+253.49 43.75 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
74
3378.22 0098+253. 3405.19 0098+280.19 26.7 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
49
3474.02 0098+349. 3891.87 0098+766.87 417.85 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
02
3891.87 0098+766. 3949.32 0098+824.32 57.45 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
87
4690.86 0099+565. 4850.56 0099+725.56 159.7 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
86
4982.31 0099+857. 5043.56 0099+918.56 61.25 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
31
5225.76 0100+100. 5505.66 0100+380.66 279.9 0.7 m 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Satisfactory
76
66
17
6134.77 0101+009. 6338.2 0101+213.2 203.43 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
77
6338.2 0101+213. 6401.15 0101+276.15 62.95 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
2
6401.15 0101+276. 6406.34 0101+281.34 5.19 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
15
6406.34 0101+281. 6427.79 0101+302.79 21.45 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
34
6427.79 0101+302. 6791.17 0101+666.17 363.38 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
79
6791.17 0101+666. 6800.22 0101+675.22 9.05 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
17
6800.22 0101+675. 6872.58 0101+747.58 72.36 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
22
6872.58 0101+747. 6907.98 0101+782.98 35.4 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
58
6907.98 0101+782. 7412.85 0102+287.85 504.87 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
98
7412.85 0102+287. 7432.15 0102+307.15 19.3 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
85
7432.15 0102+307. 7501.92 0102+376.92 69.77 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
15
7501.92 0102+376. 7640.97 0102+515.97 139.05 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
92
7640.97 0102+515. 7787.12 0102+662.12 146.15 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
97
7787.12 0102+662. 7865.8 0102+740.8 78.68 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
12
7942.75 0102+817. 7950.29 0102+825.29 7.54 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
75
7950.29 0102+825. 7967.34 0102+842.34 17.05 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
29
7967.34 0102+842. 7985.91 0102+860.91 18.57 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
34
7985.91 0102+860. 8009.26 0102+884.26 23.35 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
91
8009.26 0102+884. 8015.83 0102+890.83 6.57 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
26
8015.83 0102+890. 8027.36 0102+902.36 11.53 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
83
8027.36 0102+902. 8031.89 0102+906.89 4.53 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
36
8031.89 0102+906. 8044.15 0102+919.15 12.26 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
89
8044.15 0102+919. 8049.87 0102+924.87 5.72 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
15
8049.87 0102+924. 8053.02 0102+928.02 3.15 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
87
8053.02 0102+928. 8063.22 0102+938.22 10.2 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
02
8063.22 0102+938. 8093.52 0102+968.52 30.3 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
22
8093.52 0102+968. 8095.67 0102+970.67 2.15 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
52
8095.67 0102+970. 8096.42 0102+971.42 0.75 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
67
8096.42 0102+971. 8106.07 0102+981.07 9.65 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
42
8106.07 0102+981. 8114.47 0102+989.47 8.4 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
07
8114.47 0102+989. 8117.68 0102+992.68 3.21 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
47
8117.68 0102+992. 8160.13 0103+035.13 42.45 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
68
8160.13 0103+035. 8209.49 0103+084.49 49.36 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
13
8209.49 0103+084. 8233.26 0103+108.26 23.77 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
49
8233.26 0103+108. 8241.61 0103+116.61 8.35 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
26
8241.61 0103+116. 8277.41 0103+152.41 35.8 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
61
8277.41 0103+152. 8283.82 0103+158.82 6.41 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
41
8283.82 0103+158. 8324.77 0103+199.77 40.95 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
82
8324.77 0103+199. 8368.48 0103+243.48 43.71 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
77
8368.48 0103+243. 8387.82 0103+262.82 19.34 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
48
8387.82 0103+262. 8397.22 0103+272.22 9.4 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
82
8397.22 0103+272. 8424.34 0103+299.34 27.12 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
22
8424.34 0103+299. 8438.64 0103+313.64 14.3 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
34
8438.64 0103+313. 8495.02 0103+370.02 56.38 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
64
8495.02 0103+370. 8528.75 0103+403.75 33.73 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
02
8528.75 0103+403. 8569.05 0103+444.05 40.3 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
75
8569.05 0103+444. 8662.3 0103+537.3 93.25 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
05
8662.3 0103+537. 8669.18 0103+544.18 6.88 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
3
8669.18 0103+544. 8884.23 0103+759.23 215.05 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
18
8884.23 0103+759. 8916.37 0103+791.37 32.14 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
23
8916.37 0103+791. 8939.04 0103+814.04 22.67 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
37
9449.1 0104+324. 9491.1 0104+366.1 42 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1
9914.46 0104+789. 9975.46 0104+850.46 61 0.30 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
46
9975.46 0104+850. 10028.05 0104+903.05 52.59 0.6 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
46
10028.0 0104+903. 10481.31 0105+356.31 453.26 0.6 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
5 05
10481.3 0105+356. 10991.47 0105+866.47 510.16 0.5 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 31
10991.4 0105+866. 11008.97 0105+883.97 17.5 0.5 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
7 47
11008.9 0105+883. 11468.6 0106+343.6 459.63 0.5 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
7 97
6 76
11807.8 0106+682. 11890.21 0106+765.21 82.35 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
6 86
11890.2 0106+765. 11912.56 0106+787.56 22.35 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 21
11912.5 0106+787. 11931.26 0106+806.26 18.7 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
6 56
11931.2 0106+806. 11990.96 0106+865.96 59.7 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
6 26
11990.9 0106+865. 12016.56 0106+891.56 25.6 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
6 96
12027.7 0106+902. 12081.13 0106+956.13 53.42 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 71
3 13
3 63
12309.1 0107+184. 12386.43 0107+254.88 70.69 1.1 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
9 19
12392.9 0107+261. 12455.38 0107+323.83 62.4 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
8 43
13969.4 0108+837. 14060.36 0108+928.81 90.9 0.4 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
6 91
14212.9 0109+081. 14218.51 0109+086.96 5.6 0.4 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 36
14218.5 0109+089. 14337.31 0109+205.76 118.8 0.4 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 96
14337.3 0109+205. 14442.91 0109+311.36 105.6 0.4 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 76
14442.9 0109+311. 14753.21 0109+621.66 310.3 0.4 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
1 36
15183.8 0110+051. 15222.83 0110+090.58 39 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
3 58
15227.8 0110+095. 15549.39 0110+417.14 321.56 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
3 58
15549.3 0110+417. 15561.99 0110+429.74 12.6 0.7 m 0.3 to 1.8 m Standard
9 14
Table 6.4 Cross-section of Culverts

ROAD
ELEMENTS
and CROSS - Standard
Start LRP + End LRP +
Length SECTION Diameter of EVALUATION
Distance DISP1 Distance DISP2
DIMENSION Culvert
CULVERT
1305.62 0096+180.62 1515.28 0096+390.28 209.66 1m 0.3 m to 2.0 m Satisfactory
15183.83 0110+051.58 15222.83 0110+090.58 39 1m 0.3 m to 2.0 m Satisfactory
Table 6.4 shows the comparison of the actual diameters and the standard the
diameter of a culvert. The actual diameter of the culvert used in several areas along the
circumferential road is 1m, however, the standard diameter of culverts ranges from 0.3
meters to 2.0 meters, thus, the culverts used along the circumferential road in the
Municipality of Gasan are of standard dimensions. The evaluation for the culvert is
satisfactory, since the culvert are placed from the right side of the road to the left side of
the road, the researchers consider that there are culverts located on both sides of the road
and since the culverts are of standard dimension the evaluation is satisfactory.
Evaluation of Road Elements based on Roadside Condition
Table 7. Checklist for the Evaluation of the Roadside Condition along the
Circumferential Road in the Municipality of Gasan
ROAD ELEMENTS YES NO REMARKS OR

OVERALL EVALUATION
1. Shoulder
a) Is the shoulder free from SATISFIED

edge break?
b) Is the shoulder in good Most of the shoulders
condition and not encountered are obstructed by
requiring re-sheeting? privately owned vehicles,
c) Is the shoulder free from electric post and other
any obstruction that will privately owned things;
prevent an errant vehicle however, shoulder width is
to use it? more than the required width.
2. Side Slope
d) Is the side slope clear? SATISFIED
e) Is the side slope free

from edge break?
f) Is the side slope
unobstructed by
vegetation?
3. Sidewalk
g) Is the sidewalk in good

condition?
h) Is the sidewalk SATISFIED
unobstructed by
vegetation, parked
vehicles or other
unnecessary objects?
4. Canals
i) Are canals clear? SATISFIED
j) Are open canals free Organic matter and other

from obstruction? waste are present in the canal;
k) Are canals in good however, it does not obstruct
condition? the flow of water given the
small amount of flowing
water.
5. Signage
l) Is signage unobstructed SATISFIED

by vegetation?
m) Are signs free of Existing signs are in good
graffiti? condition, though, there are
n) Are warning and obstructions, and it does not
regulatory signs block the view of the road
unobstructed? user of the sign.
6. Guardrails
o) Are guardrails still in

alignment?
p) Are guardrails free from
damage?
q) Are guardrails SATISFIED
unobstructed by
vegetation, unauthorized
parked vehicles and
other objects that
obstruct the view of the
driver of the guardrail
and the end of the
roadbed?
7. Culverts
r) Are culverts clear?
s) Are culverts head walls SATISFIED

in good condition?
t) Are culverts free from
obstruction?
Table 7 shows how the road elements are evaluated based on the roadside condition and
the present condition of the road elements itself. There are three criteria that are considered
in the evaluation of the elements and it is evident that one common criterion is considered
in evaluating the road elements, it is whether there is obstruction on the road elements
especially on sidewalks, shoulders and signages. Even though, road elements are designed
and constructed with the standard dimensions and locations, it would be useless if there are
obstructions that consume the width and view of the road elements. Based on the
observation and inspection conducted by the researchers, the road elements condition are
all satisfactory, there are several obstructions like privately owned vehicles and several
electric post located on several parts of the circumferential road but the number is quite
small thus there are plenty of space to be used for emergency purposes and others purposes
that the road element must serve. However, the researchers think that there are many room
for improvements on the current condition of the road elements to give more exemplary
form of service to the pedestrians and motorists. Moreover, several parts of the entire length
of the canal contain organic matter such as fallen dried leaves, small branches of trees and
other solid waste, given the fact that there are organic matter present on the canal it does
not obstruct the flow of water and cause overflow. Thus, based on the evaluation conducted
by the researchers, the researchers comes up with the evaluation that all of the road
elements are all on good condition, despite several obstructions the road elements still are
able to serve its purpose of providing ease and comfort, thus, the evaluation based on
roadside condition is satisfactory but with many room for improvements.
Evaluation for Serviceability
Table 8: Percentage of Tricycle Drivers on Different Tricycle Operators and Drivers’

Association (TODA)
1. Pamilyar po ba kayo sa mga sumusunod na road elements?
A. Shoulder e. Signage
B. Side slope f. Guardrails
C. Sidewalk g. Culvert
D. Canal
Table 8.1
Total number of tricycle drivers Oo Hindi Medyo
100 95% 0 5%
Note: P3 = TD/TT(100) was used to obtain the percentages of tricycle drivers of different Tricycle Operators
and Drivers’ Association (TODA).
2. Alam nyo po ba kung ano-ano ang mga uri nito?
Table 8.2

100 90% 0 10%
and Drivers’ Association (TODA)
3. Alam nyo po ba kung para saan ang gamit ng mga ito?
Table 8.3
100 98% 0 2%
and Drivers’ Association (TODA).
4. Nakakatulong po ba ang mga ito para sa maayos at ligtas na transportasyon ninyo?
Table 8.4
100 95% 0 5%
and Drivers’ Association (TODA)
Upon careful deliberation and analysis of the answers of the drivers, the
serviceability rating of the road elements along the circumferential road in the Municipality
of Gasan is ninety five percent (95%), which means that the road elements along the road
serve its purpose of providing convenience and comfort while travelling and ensuring
safety of the motorist and the pedestrians that are simultaneously using the roadway.
Overall Evaluation of the Road Elements

The overall evaluation of the road elements are based on the three categories of
evaluation wherein if the road element has an evaluation of satisfactory on all the categories
the road element has an overall evaluation of very good which means that the road element
is well-designed, of good present condition and has satisfactorily serve its purpose.
However, if the road element is constructed conforming to standard dimensions and is of
good present condition but does not satisfactorily serve its purpose of providing safe travel,
the overall evaluation for the road element is good. Similarly, if the road element is of good
present condition and has satisfactorily serve its purpose of a safe travel, the overall
evaluation is acceptable. Though, it meets drivers’ expectations and it is of good present
condition, it is still essential that the road element is constructed using standard dimensions.
Table 9: Overall Evaluation of the Road Elements along the Circumferential Road in
the Municipality of Gasan
Categories of Evaluation
Cross- Overall
Road Elements Roadside
Section of Serviceability Evaluation
Condition
Elements
Shoulder Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Very Good
Side slope Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Very Good
Sidewalks Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Acceptable
Canals or
Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Very Good
Ditches
Signage Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Very Good
Guardrails Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Very Good
Culverts Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Very Good
Table 8 shows the overall evaluation of the road elements based on the three
categories of evaluation. Depicted on the table that all of the road elements evaluated are
well-designed because they are constructed in conformance with the standard dimensions
for each road element except the sidewalks. The standard with of sidewalks is 1.2 m,
however, the actual dimension of the existing sidewalks is 1.0 m. Thus, it does not conform
to the standard dimension for sidewalk. Moreover, since all of the six road elements is rated
satisfactory on the three categories of evaluation, the overall evaluation for the six road
elements namely: shoulder, side slope, canal or ditches, signage, guardrails and culverts is
very good. The rating very good means that the road element is well-designed, it has a good
present condition and it is satisfactorily serving its purpose. On the other hand, the overall
evaluation for sidewalk is fair, because it does not conform to the standard dimension for
sidewalks. The design of a road element is a primary and an essential factor to be
considered in the construction of any road element or the road surface itself for it is the
foundation for providing ease, safety and comfort to the road users.
Definition of Terms
Canal. These are waterways channels or artificial waterways for water conveyance or to
service water transport vehicles.
Circumferential Road. The road that is around a certain area.
Culvert. It is a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar
obstruction from one side to the other side.
Geometric Design. It is the branch of highway engineering concerned with positioning the
physical elements of the roadway according to its standards and constraints.

Guardrails. It is a strong fence at the side of the road that can help protect the driver from
serious injury.
Locational Reference Point. It is a geometric ax with which measurements of position can
be made.
Road Traffic Safety. It refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from
being seriously injured.
Shoulder. It is an emergency stopping lane by the verge of a road or motorway.
Sidewalk. It is also known as a footpath or footway that is along the side of a road.
Side Slope. It is the slope of the cut or fills expressed as the ratio of horizontal distance to
a vertical distance located at the side of a road.
Signage. There are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide
information to road users.

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Moreover, evaluations of road elements are evaluated on three categories:

 Comparison of actual and standard dimensions of the road elements

 Roadside condition and the condition of the road elements and;

 Serviceability of the road elements

on the criteria stated on the table below.

Criteria for Overall Evaluation

Road element has 2 satisfactory ratings and 1

anticipate changes in operation conditions....”. Thus, the researchers give foremost

by cross-section dimensions, evaluation by roadside condition or present condition and

element has satisfactory rating on 2 categories of evaluation namely: evaluation based on

cross-section dimensions and evaluation based on roadside condition and an unsatisfactory

rating on the evaluation by serviceability category. Serviceability is considered satisfactory

Acceptable is when a road element has satisfactory rating on evaluation by roadside

condition and evaluation by serviceability, however, unsatisfactory rating is given on the

road element on evaluation by dimension because it is not constructed based on the

importance of conforming to standard dimensions. Moreover, if the road element conforms

Table 3.1: Road Element (Shoulder)

0095+106.75 0095+123 16.25 Both sides Concrete

0095+123 0095+433.89 310.89 Both sides Concrete

0095+433.89 0095+469.49 35.6 Both sides Concrete

0095+498.29 0095+512.29 14 Both sides Concrete

0095+512.29 0095+547.04 34.75 Right side Concrete

0095+547.04 0095+558.5 11.46 Right side Concrete

0097+906.44 0098+017.04 110.6 Both sides Concrete

0098+017.04 0098+027.14 10.1 Both sides Concrete

0098+027.14 0098+156.89 129.75 Both sides Concrete

0098+156.89 0098+209.74 52.85 Right side Concrete

0098+209.74 0098+253.49 43.75 Both sides Concrete

0098+253.49 0098+280.19 26.7 Both sides Concrete

0098+329.99 0098+349.02 19.03 Both sides Concrete

0098+349.02 0098+766.87 417.85 Both sides Concrete

0101+782.98 0102+287.85 504.87 Both sides Concrete

0102+287.85 0102+307.15 19.3 Both sides Concrete

0102+307.15 0102+376.92 69.77 Both sides Concrete

0102+376.92 0102+515.97 139.05 Both sides Concrete

0102+515.97 0102+662.12 146.15 Both sides Concrete

0102+662.12 0102+740.8 78.68 Both sides Concrete

0102+817.75 0102+825.29 7.54 Both sides Concrete

0102+825.29 0102+842.34 17.05 Both sides Concrete

0102+842.34 0102+860.91 18.57 Both sides Concrete

0102+860.91 0102+884.26 23.35 Both sides Concrete

0102+884.26 0102+890.83 6.57 Both sides Concrete

0102+890.83 0102+902.36 11.53 Both sides Concrete

0102+902.36 0102+906.89 4.53 Both sides Concrete

0102+906.89 0102+919.15 12.26 Both sides Concrete

0102+919.15 0102+924.87 5.72 Both sides Concrete

0102+928.02 0102+938.22 10.2 Both sides Concrete

0102+938.22 0102+968.52 30.3 Both sides Concrete

0102+968.52 0102+970.67 2.15 Both sides Concrete

0102+970.67 0102+971.42 0.75 Both sides Concrete

0102+971.42 0102+981.07 9.65 Right side Concrete

0102+981.07 0102+989.47 8.4 Both sides Concrete

0102+989.47 0102+992.68 3.21 Both sides Concrete

0102+992.68 0103+035.13 42.45 Both sides Concrete

0103+035.13 0103+084.49 49.36 Both sides Concrete

0103+084.49 0103+108.26 23.77 Both sides Concrete

0103+108.26 0103+116.61 8.35 Both sides Concrete

0103+116.61 0103+152.41 35.8 Both sides Concrete

0103+152.41 0103+158.82 6.41 Both sides Concrete

0103+158.82 0103+199.77 40.95 Both sides Concrete

0103+199.77 0103+243.48 43.71 Both sides Concrete

0103+243.48 0103+262.82 19.34 Both sides Concrete

0103+262.82 0103+272.22 9.4 Both sides Concrete