Acidizing Methods PE

• Acid washing
• Matrix acidizing
• Acid fracturing

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Stimulation PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Treatment Types PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Damage Types PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Acid Washing PE

• Designed to remove acid soluble scales

present in the wellbore or to open
perforations
• A small volume of acid is spotted at the
desired position in the wellbore and
allowed it to react with scale deposits or
formation
• The acid may be circulated back and forth
across the perforations or formation face,
accelerating the dissolution process
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Acid Fracturing PE

• Performed above the fracturing

pressure of the formation
• Rock is cracked and etched fracture
is created
• Since the flowing acid tends to etch
in a non-uniform manner, condutive
channels are created remaining after
the fractures are closed
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Matrix Acidizing PE

• The goal of matrix acidizing is to

enhance well productivity by reducing
the skin factor through removing
near wellbore damage
• Performed below the fracturing rate
and pressure of the formation
• Acid travels through existing pores
and fractures
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Matrix Acidizing PE

• Usually does not show a high performance at

undamaged formations
• Not a solution for poor reservoir quality.
Typically, lower permeability limits are 20 md
for oil, 1 md for gas wells
• In carbonates, acids react with flow channels
and pores, and develop long wormholes
• In sandstones, acid merely remove damage and
do not actually stimuate the reservoir

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Acid Volumes PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Acid Systems PE

• Mineral acids
Hydrochloric acid
• Organic acids
Formic, acetic acid
• Powdered acids
Sulfamic, chloroacetic acid
• Acid mixtures
Acetic-hydrochloric, formic-hydrochloric
• Retarded acid systems
Gelled, emulsified
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Acid-Carbonate
Reactions PE

2HCl + CaCO3  CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

4HCl + CaMg(CO3)2  CaCl2 + MgCl2 +

2H2O + 2CO2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Carbonate Rocks PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Acid Dissolving Power PE

• Volume of rock dissolved per unit

volume of acid reacted

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Equilibrium in Acid
Carbonate Reactions PE

• When acid reaction reaches

equilibrium, the dissolution of
formation material by the acid stops,
even live acid molecules still may be
present
• Equilibrium is established when the
chemical activity of the reaction
products balances the activity of
reactants
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Wormholes PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Acid-Sandstone
Reactions PE

• Sandstone formations are normally

acidized with HCl-HF (mud acid)
• Acid mixture is used because HF acid
is reactive with clay minerals that
may be restricting near wellbore
permeability
• Pore structure may collapse due to
dissolution of CaCO3 content
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

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 Sandstone (Clastic)
Rocks PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11

Injection Rates PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 11