PE4063 Chapter 2

Inflow Assurance PE
PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2
PE
1
PE
Types of Completions PE
2
Completion Types PE
Completion Types PE
3
Completion
Classification PE
• Formation – borehole connection

Open hole
Cased hole
• Production – string type
Single zone
Multiple zone
Tubingless
Open Hole Completions PE
4
Open-hole Completions PE
Open Hole Completions

Advantages PE
Formation damage or lost circulation in the reservoir

zone can be minimized using special drilling
techniques (acid degradable filter cake followed by
acid wash)
No perforation cost
Cost savings on casing / liner
Log interpretation: through tubing tools can monitor
reservoir behavior
Can be easily deepened if required
Can be easily converted to liner or perforated
completion if formation collapses
5
Open Hole Completions
Disadvantages PE
• Excessive production of gas or water

is difficult to control
• Selective acidization or fracturing is
difficult
• Casing is set without markers before
the actual pay is drilled or logged
• Requires more rig time for
completion
Cased Hole Completions PE
6
Cased Hole Completions

Advantages PE
• Excessive gas or water production can be easily

controlled
• Can be selectively stimulated
• Logs and formation samples are available to assist in
decision regarding setting of casing or abandonment, if
required
• Full diameter opposite pay
• Easily deepened
• Will control most sands, and is adaptable to special sand
control techniques
• Adaptable to multiple completion techniques
• Minimum rig time required for completion
7
Cased Hole Completions
Disadvantages PE
• The cost of large perforation intervals

will be substantial
• Formation damage cannot be controlled
by special drilling techniques
• Log interpretation is critical, in order not
to miss commercial sands
Formation damage is a problem
 Stimulation techniques
• Matrix acidizing
• Fracturing
8
Completion PE
Deeper wells ??
• Well servicing
• Re-entry
• Workover
 Use of packers in the wells

Completion with
Packers PE
9
Completion with
Packers PE
Mechanical Packer PE
10
Stacked Selective
Completion PE
Gravel Packing -
Screen PE
11
Artificial Lift PE
• Sucker rod pumping

• Electrical submersible pumps
• Gas lift
• Other types of hydraulic lift
Artificial Lift PE
12
Artificial Lift PE
Artificial Lift PE
13
Artificial Lift PE
Artificial Lift PE
14
Artificial Lift PE
Artificial Lift PE
15
Dual Completions PE
Well Completion PE
Modifications are required within the

operational life of any well
• Casing protection
• Tubing removal
• Production control
• Safety
Safety valves
Circulation
16
Selection of a
Completion Method PE
Some points needed to be addressed

• How do completion and maintenance costs
compare with expected profits?
• How does a possible money-saving
measure compare with the risks it
implies?
• How will the production of the field and
of the given well evolve in theory?
Selection of a
Completion must be able to

• Maintain borehole wall stability, if needed
• Ensure selective production of the fluid or formation, if
needed
• Create a minimum amount of restrictions in the flow
path
• Ensure well safety
• Allow the well flow rate to be adjusted
• Allow operations to be performed on the well at a later
date (measurements, maintenance, etc.) without having
to Resort to workover
• Make workover easier when it does become necessary
17
Selection of a
Categorizing oil and gas well completion

• Wellbore/reservoir interface, i.e.,
open-hole or cased hole completion
• Production method, i.e., natural
flowing or pumped production
• Producing zones, i.e., single zone or
multiple zone production
Selection of a
18
Conduit Selection
Reservoir to Sufrace (Single Formation) PE
Wellhead PE
19
Wellhead PE
Wellhead PE
20
Wellhead PE
Wellhead PE
21
Wellhead Example PE
Wellhead Example PE
22
Wellhead Example PE
Wellhead Example PE
23
Wellhead - Offshore PE
24
Surface Facilities PE
25
Flash Process PE
Design PE
• Flowrates (capacities) and qualities

• Number of stages (quality, flash
calc)
• Arrangement and main dimensions
Vertical, horizontal, spherical
Length ,diameter
26
Sizing Constraints PE
• Liquid drops gravity settling:

Stokes law - velocity of droplets
• Determines maximum velocity of gas
• Needed retention time for liquid
tr= Oil-volume/Oil-flowrate
Chokes
Functions PE
• To maintain stable flow/pressure conditions

downstream of the choke
• To control the drawdown on the well and hence restrict
the occurrence of gas cusping or water coning into the
wellbore or the failure of the formation around the
wellbore
• To dampen down fluctuations in the well deliverability
by applying back pressure to the system
• To isolate the well from pressure fluctuations created
in the processing, gathering and transportation system
27
Adjustable Choke PE
Adjustable Choke PE
28
Adjustable Choke PE
Flow Through Choke PE
29
Adjustable Choke PE
Adjustable Choke PE
30
Choke Sizing PE
• Control the flow – maximize

production
• Minimize vibration damage
• Minimize erosion damage
• Choke selection – based on
application and sizing
Erosion Example PE
31
Critical Erosion
Velocity PE
• ve fluid erosional velocity, ft/sec

• c empirical constant, usually 100 or 125
(ft/s)(lb/ft3)0.5
• rm density of gas-liquid mixture, lb/ft3
Completion Schemes
Single Zone Completion with no Provision forTubing Movement PE
32
Completion Schemes
Single Zone Completion Utilizing a Locator Seal Assembly PE
Completion Schemes
Single High Flowrate Zone Completion Utilizing an Extra Long
Tubing Seal Receptacle for Tubing Movement PE
33
Completion Schemes
Single Zone High Flowrate Injection/Production Completion
Utilizing a Polished Bore Receptacle PE
Completion Schemes
Single Zone Completion Utilizing a Gas Lift Facility PE
34
Completion Schemes
Single Zone Completion Utilizing an Electrically Powered
Submersible Pump PE
Completion Schemes
Dual Completion Allowing Segregated Production PE
35
Completion Schemes
Selective Dual Zone Producer with optional Gas Lift Facility PE
Completion Schemes
"Tubingless" Dual Completion PE
36
Completion Schemes
Subsea Completion Serviced by Through Flowline Techniques
(TFL) PE
Completion Schemes
Subsea Completion Serviced by Conventional Wireline
Techniques from a Workboat or Mobile Drilling Rig PE
37
Advanced Systems PE
• Multilaterals
• Intelligent wells
Multilateral Wells PE
• A multilateral well is typically a well

connecting two or more “standard well types”
Horizontal
Deviated
Vertical
38
Multilateral Wells
PE
• Multilateral wells can be drilled to drain discontinuous

geological flow units, especially those which could not
by themselves rationalize dedicated individual wells
• Multilateral completions improve reservoir drainage
by allowing access to fractured or thin layer
reservoirs from existing wellbores without drilling
new wells
• Multilateral wells are often used to maximize contact
area between well and reservoir, thereby improving
well productivity
Multilateral Wells PE
Well
Trunk
Radial
Junction
Lateral
Spray
Branch
39
Types of Multilateral
Well PE
Drilling Multilateral Wells PE
• Drilling of the main bore

Same as drilling any conventional well
• Sidetracking from the main bore
Drilling a new wellbore from the main wellbore is
the distinguishing feature of drilling a
multilateral well
• Drilling the laterals
The individual laterals are directionally drilled in
much the same fashion as conventional horizontal
wells. Control of lateral trajectories is a critical
part of multilateral drilling
40
Multilateral Well
Completions PE
• Well completion for multilateral wells is

different from vertical wells, or even single leg
horizontal wells
• The key distinguishing component is the
junction construction, which provides
communication and conduction between the
laterals and the main borehole.
Multilateral Well Design

PE
• Reservoir structure
 If the reservoir formation is competent and if zonal control is
not critical, then a lower completion is recommended because of
economic concerns
 In case zonal control is an important issue, an openhole
completion may not satisfy the production requirement, and a
higher level of junction completion may be needed for lateral
isolation.
• Junction formation characteristics
 In general, the junction kickoff point should be designed in a
strong and consolidated section of the formation. If this is not
possible, a higher level of junction completion rather than open
hole is required to ensure junction stability
41
PE
• Differential pressure at the junction

 Reservoir pressure distribution changes during production
 Completion design should consider the life cycle of a well as
reservoir pressure around the wellbore depletes, rather than
being based solely on the initial pressure
 If hydraulic isolation is required at the junction later in the
production life, higher-leveled completions should be applied.
• Re-entry capacity
 Re-entry is required in many cases for workover and well
stimulation operations to improve well production
 Open hole completions have limitations on re-entry
 Higher-level multilateral wells have much better defined
completions, enabling re-entry in several different ways

PE
• Production and Injection Management

 Control and isolation at the junction is necessary for well
management of commingled multilateral wells
 High level completions with intelligent technology (permanent
downhole monitoring and control) are extremely valuable in well
performance management for commingled multilateral wells
• Slotted liners and pre-packed

screens provide greater wellbore
stability than openhole completions
• Today, the cased and perforated
lateral completion has become a
standard practice for some
operating companies
42
Junction Classification
PE
• Classification of multilateral junctions is

generated by TAML in 1997 and modified in 2002.
• Multilateral wells are divided into six levels, with
Level 1 being simplest, and Level 6 the most
advanced completion
• Level 1 - Open unsupported junction

– Barefoot motherbore and lateral
or slotted liner hung off in either
bore
PE
• Level 2 – Motherbore cased and

cemented, lateral open hole
Lateral either barefoot or with
slotted liner hung off in open
hole
• Level 3 – Motherbore cased and

cemented, lateral cased but not
cemented
Lateral liner anchored to
motherbore with a liner hanger
but not cemented
43
PE
• Level 4 – Motherbore and

lateral cased and cemented
Both bores cemented at the
junction
• Level 5 – Pressure integrity at

the junction
Pressure integrity provided by
using straddle packers
PE
• Level 6 – Pressure integrity

at the junction
Integral mechanical casing
seal (cement alone is NOT
sufficient)
Includes reformable
junctions as well as
nonreformable, full-diameter
splitters that require larger-
diameter wellbores
44
TAML Complexity vs
Flexibility PE
Intelligent Wells PE
A well that is equipped with sensors/monitoring

equipment and completion component (ICVs)
that can be remotely adjusted to optimize
production.
Plus four other definitions by associations and companies.
45
Smart Well Technology
Process PE
Advantages PE
• Accelerated and optimized field production

 Optimize daily well performance
 Decrease water and/or gas production
 Improve water and/or gas injection efficiency
 Perform real time well diagnostics
• Better reservoir management
 Increased reservoir knowledge
 Improve accuracy of reserves calculations
 Identification of reservoir boundaries
 Better management of uncertainties in reservoir analysis
 Better flow allocation
• Reduced Cost
 Reduce number of wells
 Reduce risk
 Efficient well testing
 Less need for well interventions
46
Major Components of an
Intelligent Well PE
• Downhole Monitoring
• ICV
• Isolation Devices
Example
PE
• Gauges are located downstream of the ICVs, before the

packers. Pressure is measured both in the tubing and
annulus, temperature – at a certain radial position
47
Downhole Monitoring PE
• Real time monitoring of:

– Pressure
– Temperature
– Flowrate
– Saturation
– Water-cut
– Density
Data Management
Process PE
Use of data from intelligent wells in reservoir field development

48
Intelligent Well
Applications PE
• Commingled Production
• Multi Zone Horizontal
Wells
• Multi-Lateral Wells
• ‘Natural’ or Auto Gas Lift
• Injection Wells
Example PE
49

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Inflow Assurance PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

• Formation – borehole connection

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Open Hole Completions PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Open Hole Completions

Formation damage or lost circulation in the reservoir

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

• Excessive production of gas or water

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Cased Hole Completions PE

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Cased Hole Completions

• Excessive gas or water production can be easily

• The cost of large perforation intervals

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Cased Hole Completions PE

Formation damage is a problem

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

 Use of packers in the wells

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

• Sucker rod pumping

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Modifications are required within the

Some points needed to be addressed

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Completion must be able to

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

Categorizing oil and gas well completion

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2

PE4063/6463, Well Completion – Dr. Evren OZBAYOGLU Chapter 2