One Story Workshop Design Chapter: Internal Forces

CHAPTER 3: ONE STORY WORKSHOP
DESIGN
1
DESIGN
2
Typical Plan
3
DESIGN
I. Detailing of the structures
From Q and L →lk

4 From Q and B → hdct=Hc
5
Bridge crane details
6
7
DESIGN
II. Nominal dimensions:

1. Position of the roof resultant force :150mm from the architectural axis
2. Position of the bridge crane resultant force: λ depending on the crane
capacity
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DESIGN
II. Nominal dimensions:

3. Column corbels
lv > 20cm and multiply of 5cm (lv<40cm)
or 10cm (lv>40cm)
hv=20-50cm (depend on Q) and 1/3h
4. Bridge crane status
* Hard, Normal, Light: based on the velocity
of the crane
* The hook of the crane: hard and soft
9
DESIGN
III. Design the planar frame:

1. Select the preliminary dimensions
1.1 Nominal dimensions:
Level: V,R,M
Dimensions: Ht ; Hd; H
Bridge crane parameter: B,K,Hct,B1 (index); Q,λ,lk
1.2 Select the preliminary dimensions of columns
Upper part: lot/ht≤ 24 and lot/bt≤ 30 with lot=2.5Ht
Lower part: hd=(1/10-1/15)Hd or bd=(1/20-1/25)Hd
Note: Dimensions of the column is the multiply of 20cm and must ≥ 40cm
10
DESIGN
11
DESIGN
2. Determine the applied load
2.1 DL: Roof (Gm)- Bridge-crane beam (Gd)- Self-weight of columns (Gc)
2.1.1 Gm : SW of the roof, roof truss, artic windows and roof components
2.1.2 Gd: SW of the bridge-crane beam and rails
2.1.3 Gc: Gct :SW of the upper part of the column (without corbel)
Gcd :SW of the lower part of the column (with corbel)
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DESIGN

2.2 LL: Roof (Pm)- Bridge-crane: V-component (D) and T- component (T)
2.2.1 Pm same as Gm but need to consider the temporary nature of the load
( at the mid-column Pm1 and Pm2 can be occurred or not)
=Pm Pm1= =Pm2
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DESIGN
2.2 LL: Roof (Pm)- Bridge-crane: V-component (D) and T- component (T)
2.2.2 Live load of Bridge-crane
2.2.2.1 V-component (D): when the trolley nearest the corbel, P=(Pmax)
occurs
14
DESIGN
2.2.2.1 V-component (D):

and all Pmax make the reaction at the
support of the runway beam (at the
corbels) maximum based on the
moving load combination (using
influence diagram)
Dmax = n.PmaxΣyi
15 Dmin = n.PminΣyi.
DESIGN
2.2.2.2 T-component (T):

when the trolley nearest the corbel, τmax
occurs - τmax (max transversal load
from the trolley wheel to the runway
beam→ to the corbel)
Similar to Dmax but Pmax is replaced by
τmax)
Tmax= 1,1.τmax (y1+ y2 + y3+ y4)
Note: T cannot occur

without D
but D can occur without T
16
DESIGN

2.3 Wind Load
q: Wind pressure per area unit:
q=n.C.k. Wo
với Wo: standard wind pressure for a
region
Uniform WL for the design frame
to the top of the column:
pđ=qđ.B and ph=qh.B
Pressure on roof structures to the frame S1
and S2
S1=Σn.Wo.Ciđ.ki.hi.B
S2= Σ n.Wo.Cih.ki.hi.B
17
DESIGN
3. Determine the internal forces

Spatial behavior of the frame system:
Under a local load the lateral

displacement of a frame is reduced
Ckg times:
Ckg = 1
1 + mx2
n 2 x2
∑ k
1
n: number of frames
x: distance from load to the center
18 of the building
DESIGN

Special case:
* With the frame having more than 3 spans : under local loads the lateral
displacement at the top of the column is ignored ( Ckg high)
* Under loads distributing on the whole of the building the lateral the lateral
displacement at the top of the column must be considered
* The stiffness of the roof beam (truss) is much greater than the column →
+ Roof beam (truss) stiffness is infinite
+ Connection between roof beam and column is hinge
+ Connection between foundation and column is fixed
19
DESIGN

Schematic diagram of the frame under vertical loads and local lateral
loads
20 Real diagrams Schematic diagrams

DESIGN

Schematic diagram of the frame under the wind load
21
DESIGN

Determine internal forces using pattern diagrams:
Reaction force R is given
22
DESIGN

Determine internal forces using pattern diagrams:
Reaction force R is given and calculate the internal forces at 4 sections
1 - 1 : at the top of the column (Fig. 2.14)
2 - 2: at the corbel of the upper column
3 - 3: at the corbel of the lower column
4 - 4: at the top surface of the foundation
Note: 1-1, 2-2, 3-3: M,N
4-4: M,N,Q
23
DESIGN
3.1 Determine the internal forces due to DL

3.1.1 DL (roof) Gm using c and e diagrams → R and establish the IF
diagram
24
DESIGN

3.1.2 DL (runway beam) Gd using c diagram →R and establish the IF
diagram
25
DESIGN

3.1.3 DL (SW column) → N only
3.1.4 Internal forces diagrams due to DL: using super-composition
26
DESIGN
3.2 Determine the internal forces due to LL

3.2.1 LL (roof) Pm using c and e diagrams → R and establish the IF
diagram
Similar to Gm but Gm is replaced by Pm
Note: Separate Pm1 and Pm2
27
DESIGN

3.2.2 LL(V-Compt) Dmax using c diagram → R and establish the IF
diagram.
Similar to Gd but Gd is replaced by Dmax Note: Separate Dmax1 and Dmax2
28
DESIGN

3.2.3 LL(T-Compt) Tmax using d diagram → R and establish the IF
diagram.
Note: Separate Tmax1 and Tmax2 and Tmax: reverse direction
29
DESIGN
3.3 Determine the internal forces due to WL
Load diagram
Equilibrium equation:
r.∆ + Rg = 0 (*)
(Resultant force at the virtual support
must be equal)
30 Basic diagram
DESIGN

Develop the equilibrium equation:
r.∆ + Rg = 0 (*)
where:
r : reaction at the virtual support due to the deflection ∆= 1 in the basic
diagram
r = r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 (value ri based on the b diagram)
Rg : reaction at the virtual support due to all loads in the basic diagram
Rg = S1 + S2 + R1 + R4
R1 and R4 is the reaction at the virtual support of the 1st and 4th column
based on the g diagram
31 Solving (*) to find the displacement at the top of the frame ∆
DESIGN

Develop the equilibrium equation:
r.∆ + Rg = 0 (*)
where:
r : reaction at the virtual support due to the deflection ∆= 1 in the basic
diagram
r = r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 (value ri based on the b diagram)
Rg : reaction at the virtual support due to all loads in the basic diagram
Rg = S1 + S2 + R1 + R4
R1 and R4 is the reaction at the virtual support of the 1st and 4th column
based on the g diagram
32 Solving (*) to find the displacement at the top of the frame ∆
DESIGN
Using b for ri Using g for R1 - R4
* Determine the reaction at the top of the columns A,B,C,D

RA = R1 + r1.Δ; RD = R4 + r4.Δ; RB= r2. Δ; RC= r3. Δ
33
DESIGN
Establish the internal force based on the

force equilibrium principles
34
DESIGN
4. Internal force combinations: LL can be imposed or not
Objective: To find the most dangerous internal forces of each element that
can be occurred
Vietnamese standard: 2 fundamental combinations
*THCB1(IFC1): DL + 1.0 LL (the most dangerous LL)
*THCB2(IFC2): DL + 0.9ΣLL ( all dangerous LLs)
0.9 : combination factor
Example:
IFC1 : DL + WL; DL + LL1, DL + LL2 DL + LL1+ LL2 ???
IFC2 : DL + 0.9(LL1 + WL); DL + 0.9(LL2 + WL)
35 Note: LL1+LL2 : one LL case - WL : one LL case
DESIGN
4. Internal force combinations

Implement for 4 sections of the column
THCB1= DL + LL1(roof), DL+ LL1+LL2, DL+ WL,
=DL+Dmax1+Tmax1, DL+(Dmax1+Tmax1+Dmax2+Tmax2)nth
THCB2= DL + [LL1(roof)+LL2+(Dmax1+Tmax1+Dmax2+Tmax2)nth+WL]0.9
Note:
* Dmax on one side or both sides of the corbel is considered as one load case
* When Tmax impacts, Dmax must be considered.
* Internal forces of Tmax can be inverted and the signal depends on the internal
forces of Dmax
36
DESIGN
4. Internal force combinations

When more than one crane in the building, the nth must be considered
* With 4 cranes:
nth=0.7 – light and medium working status
nth=0.8 – heavy working status
* With 2 cranes:
nth=0.85 – light and medium working status
nth=0.95 – heavy working status
37
KẾT CẤU NHÀ CÔNG NGHIỆP 1 TẦNG BTCT
LẮP GHÉP
M= -1,382 + 0,9.{0,732-1,195+ (5,639+3,308-4,127+2,24).0,7 +29,17}

38 =29.39 = (4 + 5+ 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11)
DESIGN
5. Longitudinal reinforcement design for columns

5.1. Middle columns: (Symmetrical reinforcement) Select 3 couples of
internal forces (M,N) to design:
M max
; eo max ; N max
Calculate to find the maximum As=As’ from three pairs of As=As’
5.2. Boundary columns: (non-symmetrical reinforcement) Select 4 couples
of internal forces (M,N) to design:
M plus max ; M negative max ; eo max ; N max
Using repetitive calculation for design
39
DESIGN
5. Longitudinal reinforcement design for columns – Repetitive calculation

For non-symmetric reinforcement
Loop 1:
with (M1, N1) → As11 = A’s11 (symmetric case)
with (M2, N2) let A’s2 1= As11 → As21 (non-symmetric case)
Result: Pair 1 (A’s2 1;As21)
Loop 2:
with (M1, N1) let A’s12 = As21 → As12 (non-symmetric case)
with (M2, N2) let A’s22 = As12 → As22 (non-symmetric case)
Result: Pair 2 (A’s22; As22)
40 Continue until Pair (n) ≈ Pair(n+1)
DESIGN
5. Longitudinal reinforcement design for columns

Note:
*In-plan design: Using the non-symmetric uni-axial bending moment column
problem to design the boundary column
+ In-plan design length of the column lo :
- upper column lo =2,5Ht
- lower column lo =1,5Hd
*Out-plan design: Using centrically compressive column problem to design the
boundary column
+ In-plan design length of the column lo :
- upper column lo =1,2Ht
41 - lower column lo =1,2Hd
DESIGN
6. Corbel design
Corbel is designed as a short cantilever
42
DESIGN
6. Corbel design
6.1 Shear resistance
Pv ≤ 2,5Rbtbh0
Pv ≤ (1,2 KvRbtbh20)/av
Kv =0.75- 1 depends on the working status of the crane
Pv = Gd + Dmax
43
DESIGN
6. Corbel design
6.2 Flexural design
44
DESIGN
6. Corbel design
6.3 Stirrups and inclined reinforcement (minimum requirement- text
book)
45
DESIGN
7. Transport and Assembling checking
Transport design Assembling

design
46
DESIGN
>= 3 líi >= 3 líi
s=50 s=50
1 1 2 2
1-1
2 2 3 3
2-2
>= 3 líi
47 s=50 3-3

One Story Workshop Design Chapter: Internal Forces

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CHAPTER 3: ONE STORY WORKSHOP

From Q and L →lk

II. Nominal dimensions:

II. Nominal dimensions:

III. Design the planar frame:

2. Determine the applied load

=Pm Pm1= =Pm2

2.2.2.1 V-component (D):

2.2.2.2 T-component (T):

Note: T cannot occur

2. Determine the applied load

3. Determine the internal forces

Under a local load the lateral

3. Determine the internal forces

3. Determine the internal forces

20 Real diagrams Schematic diagrams

3. Determine the internal forces

3. Determine the internal forces

3. Determine the internal forces

3.1 Determine the internal forces due to DL

3.1 Determine the internal forces due to DL

3.1 Determine the internal forces due to DL

3.2 Determine the internal forces due to LL

3.2 Determine the internal forces due to LL

3.2 Determine the internal forces due to LL

3.3 Determine the internal forces due to WL

3.3 Determine the internal forces due to WL

3.3 Determine the internal forces due to WL

3.3 Determine the internal forces due to WL

Using b for ri Using g for R1 - R4

* Determine the reaction at the top of the columns A,B,C,D

3.3 Determine the internal forces due to WL

Establish the internal force based on the

4. Internal force combinations

4. Internal force combinations

M= -1,382 + 0,9.{0,732-1,195+ (5,639+3,308-4,127+2,24).0,7 +29,17}

5. Longitudinal reinforcement design for columns

5. Longitudinal reinforcement design for columns – Repetitive calculation

5. Longitudinal reinforcement design for columns

7. Transport and Assembling checking

Transport design Assembling

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