Namma Kalvi 6th Standard 5 in 1 Selection Guide TM Term 3 218554

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in
_‹wh« gUt«
5 in 1
jÄœ
ENGLISH
fz¡F
m¿Éaš
r_f m¿Éaš
www.nammakalvi.in
Mwh« tF¥ò
6
_‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
jÄœ
ENGLISH
fz¡F
m¿Éaš
r_f m¿Éaš
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btËÆLgt® 0452- 2623530
A u é ¿û XV m
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Email ID : selectionpublisher@gmail.com
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bry¡r‹ 6 bghUsl¡f« 2 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
bghUsl¡f«
jÄœ
t.v© ïaš ghl¤jiy¥òfŸ g¡f v©
kd¥ghl¥gFâ * 4
1 ehL, r_f« 1.1 ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš* 6
muR, ÃUthf« 1.2 jÄœeh£oš fhªâ 12
òJikfŸ 1.3 ntYeh¢áah® 16
brŒí«njrÄJ 1.4 ehštif¢ brh‰fŸ 20
1.5 bkhÊia MŸnth« 24
1.6 bkhÊnahL ÉisahL 30
1.7 f£Liu, foj« 31
2 mw«,j¤Jt«, 2.1 guhgu¡ f©Â* 32

áªjid 2.2 Ú§fŸ ešyt® 36
všyhU« ï‹òw 2.3 gá¥ãÂ ngh¡»a ghit 39
2.4 ghj« 46
2.5 bga®¢brhš 48
2.8 âU¡FwŸ* 59
2.9 f£Liu, foj« 62
3 kÅj«, 3.1 Máa n#hâ 63

MSik 3.2 kÅjnea« 67
ï‹DÆ® 3.3 KoÉš xU bjhl¡f« 73
fh¥ngh« 3.4 mÂ ïy¡fz« 75
1.8 f£Liu, foj« 86
ENGLISH
SI.No. UNIT TOPIC PAGE NO
Memoriter * 87
1. Prose Who Owns the Water ? 88
Poem * Indian Seasons 100
Supplementary A Childhood in Malabar :
A Memoir 105
2. Prose That Sunday Morning 111
Poem A Tragic Story 127
Supplementary Brought to Book 131
3. Play The Jungle Book 137
4. GRAMMAR 146
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bry¡r‹ 6 bghUsl¡f« 3 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
bghUsl¡f«
fz¡F
ïaš jiy¥ò g¡f v©
1. ã‹d§fŸ 154
2. KG¡fŸ 188
3. R‰wsî k‰W« gu¥gsî 206
4. rk¢Ó®¤ j‹ik 238
5. jftš brayh¡f« 256
m¿Éaš
myF jiy¥ò g¡f v©
ïa‰ãaš
1. fhªjÉaš 275
2. Ú® 284
ntâÆaš
3. m‹whl thœÉš ntâÆaš 296
cÆÇaš
4. ekJ R‰W¢NHš 306
5. m‹whl thœÉš jhtu§fŸ 317
fÂ¥bgh¿Æaš
6. t‹bghUS« bk‹bghUS« 326
r_f m¿Éaš
myF jiy¥ò g¡f v©
tuyhW
1. g©il¡fhy¤ jÄHf¤âš rKfK« g©ghL« :
r§f fhy« 329
2. ïªâah - bksÇaU¡F¥ ã‹d® 338
3. nguuRfË‹ fhy« : F¥j®, t®¤jd® 346
4. bj‹Åªâa muRfŸ 355
òÉÆaš
1. Máah k‰W« Inuh¥gh 365
2. òÉ khâÇ 377
3. ngÇliu¥ òÇªJ bfhŸSjš 386
FoikÆaš
1. k¡fsh£á 389
2. cŸsh£á mik¥ò - CufK« ef®¥òwK« 392
3. rhiy ghJfh¥ò 398
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bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 4 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
6
Mwh« tF¥ò
_‹wh« gUt«
5 in 1
kd¥ghl¥gFâ
ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš

òJikfŸ brŒj njrÄJ
óÄÆ‹ »H¡F thrÈJ!
bjŒt tŸSt‹ beŒj FwŸjh‹
njr« cL¤âa üyhil!
bkŒfis¥ ngh‰¿a ïªâa¤ jhŒ¡F
bkŒíz®î v‹»w nkyhil! ( òJikfŸ )
fhË jhrÅ‹ njÅir¥ ghlšfŸ
fhÉÇ¡ fiuÆš vâbuhÈ¡f
f«gÅ‹ mKj¡ fÉij fS¡F¡
f§if miyfŸ ïiraik¡f ( òJikfŸ )
f‹Å¡ FkÇÆ‹ Tªj Y¡fhf¡
fhZÛ®¤ njh£l« ó¤bjhL¡F«!
nk‰F kiyfŸ eâfis mD¥ã¡
»H¡F¡ fiuÆ‹ ey«nf£F«! ( òJikfŸ )
òšbtË bašyh« ó¡fh lh»¥
ò‹dif brŒj bgh‰fhy«!
fšiy¡ Tl fhÉa kh¡»¡
f£o ÃW¤âa fiy¡Tl«! ( òJikfŸ )
m‹id eh£o‹ mKj RuãÆš
m‹Åa ehLfŸ gáÔu
m©zš fhªâÆ‹ á‹d¡ if¤jo
mw¤â‹ C‹W nfhyhf
óÄÆ‹ »H¡F thrÈJ! - jhuhghuâ
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guhgu¡ f©Â
1. j«cÆ®nghš v›îÆU« jhbd‹W j©lUŸT®
br«ikaU¡F Vtšv‹W brŒnt‹ guhgunk!
2. všyhU« ï‹ò‰W ïU¡f Ãid¥gJnt

mšyhkš ntbwh‹W m¿na‹ guhgunk!
âU¡FwŸ
1. kd¤J¡f© kháy‹ Mjš mid¤jw‹
MFy Úu ãw.
2. ï‹dhbrŒ jhiu xW¤jš mt®ehz
e‹da« brŒJ Élš.
3. gF¤J©L gšYÆ® X«òjš ünyh®
bjhF¤jt‰WŸ všyh« jiy.
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6 jÄœ
_‹wh« gUt«
5 in 1
ïaš
1. òJikfŸ brŒí« njrÄJ
x‹W
fÉij¥ngiH
ïaš
1.1. ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš
x‹W
kdtiugl«
Mil nkyhil fhZÛ® ky®fŸ á‰g§fŸ

âU¡FwŸ bkŒíz®î FkÇKid fhÉa¡ fiy¡Tl«
mKjRuã mÏ«ir
ghuj ehL mw«
MáÇa® F¿¥ò :
bga® : jhuhghuâ
ïa‰bga® : ïuhjh»UZz‹
ãwªj C® : âUt©zhkiy kht£l¤âš cŸs Ftis v‹D«
á‰ù®
jªij : JiurhÄ
jhah® : òZg« m«khŸ
JizÉah® : rªjhdby£RÄ
òjšt®fŸ : Éntfhdªj‹ k‰W« nyhFJiu
milbkhÊ : fÉPhÆW
ïa‰¿a üšfŸ : òâa ÉoašfŸ, ïJ v§fŸ »H¡F, ÉušEÅ
btË¢r«
fhy« : 26.02.1947 Kjš 13.05.2000 tiu
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üš F¿¥ò :
bga® : ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš
ïa‰¿at® : jhuhghuâ
ïl«bg‰WŸs bjhF¥ò : jhuhghuâÆ‹ fÉijfŸ
kâ¥ÕL
rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¤J vGJf.
1. njr« cL¤âa üyhil vd¡ fÉP® F¿¥ãL« üš
m) âUthrf« M) âU¡FwŸ
ï) âÇfLf« <) âU¥ghit
Éil : M) âU¡FwŸ
2. fhËjhrÅ‹ njÅir¥ ghlšfŸ vâbuhÈ¡F« ïl«
m) fhÉÇ¡ fiu M) itif¡fiu
ï) f§if¡fiu <) aKid¡fiu
Éil :m) fhÉÇ¡fiu
3. fiy¡Tlkhf¡ fh£á jUtJ
m) á‰g¡Tl« M) XÉa¡Tl«
ï) gŸË¡Tl« <) áiw¡Tl«
Éil :m) á‰g¡Tl«
4. üyhil v‹D« brhšiy¥ ãÇ¤J vGj¡ »il¥gJ
m) üš + Mil M) üyh + il
ï) üš + yhil <) üyh + Ml
Éil : m) üš + Mil
5. vâ® + xÈ¡f v‹gij¢ nr®¤J vGj¡ »il¡F« brhš
m) vâuÈ¡f M) vâ®xÈ¡f
ï) vâbuhÈ¡f <) vâ®buhÈ¡f
Éil : ï) vâbuhÈ¡f
ea« m¿f
ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš v‹D« ghlÈš mikªJŸs vJif,
nkhid¢ brh‰fis vL¤J vGJf.
Éil : vJif¢ brh‰fŸ :
1. bjŒt - beŒj 4. m‹id - m‹Åa
2. bkŒfis - bkŒíz®î 5. á‹d - C‹W
3. njh£l« - nf£F« 6. njrÄJ - thrÈJ
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Éil : nkhid¢ brh‰fŸ :

1. bjŒt - njr« 4. f«gÅ‹ - f§if
2. bkŒfis - bkŒíz®î 5. òšbtË - ò‹dif
3. fhËjhr‹ - fhÉÇ 6. m‹id - m‹Åa
FWÉdh :
1. jhuhghuâÆ‹ ghlÈš ïl«bg‰WŸs fÉP®fË‹
bga®fis¡ F¿¥ãLf.
1. âUtŸSt® 2. fhËjhr® 3. f«g®
2. ïªâahÉ‹ nk‰F, »H¡F M»a âirfis ïiz¤J¡

fÉP® fh£L« fh£áia vGJf.
ïªâahÉ‹ nk‰nf njh‹W« eâfŸ »H¡F všiytiu ghŒªJ
e‹ikfis ÉisÉ¡»‹wd.
áWÉdh :
jhuhghuâ ghlÈ‹ fU¤ij¢ RU¡» vGJf.
« óÄÆ‹ »H¡F thryhd ïªâaehL gy òJikfis¢ brŒj
njrkhF«.
« m¤njr« âU¡Fwis Milahfî«, bkŒíz®it
nkyhilahfî« mÂªâU¡»wJ.
« fhËjhrÇ‹ ghlšfŸ fhÉÇ¡fiuÆš vâbuhÈ¡»‹wd.
« f«gÇ‹ fÉij¡F f§if M‰¿‹ miyfŸ
ïiraik¡»‹wd.
« FkÇKid f‹ÅÆ‹ TªjY¡fhf¡ fhZÛu¤J ky®fŸ
khiyahf¤ bjhL¡f¥gL»‹wd.
« nk‰F eâfŸ »H¡»š ghŒªJ e‹ikfis ÉisÉ¡»‹wd.
« òšbtËÆ‹ ó¡fŸ ò‹dif òÇ»‹wd.
« á‰g§fŸ fiy¡Tlkhf¡ fh£áaË¡»‹wd.
« mKjRuãahd m‹id ghujehL k¡fË‹ gáia ngh¡»
tU»‹wJ.
« mw¤â‹ C‹Wnfhyhf fhªâaofË‹ m»«ir
És§F»‹wJ.
áªjid Édh :
1. e« eh£o‹ K‹nd‰w¤â‰F khzt®fŸ brŒant©oait
g‰¿¢ áªâ¤J vGJf.
« e« eh£o‹ K‹nd‰w« khzt®fŸ ifÆšjh‹ cŸsJ.
khzt®fŸ go¤jhš k£L« nghjhJ. njáa¤ jiyt®fŸ khzt®
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«gUt¤ânyna e« eh£L Rjªâu¤â‰F nghuhoajhšjh‹ eh«

Rjªâu¡ fh‰iw¢ Rthá¡f Ko»wJ
« ï‹iwa fhyf£l¤âš ÔÉuthj«jh‹ e« eh£o‰F Äf¥bgU«
Mg¤jhf cŸsJ. ÔÉuthj¤ij K¿ao¡f khzt®fŸjh‹
ntÈahf khwnt©L«
« njr¥g‰W ïU¡F«nghJ eh£Ley‹ ïU¡F«. e«ehL
bghUshjhu¤âš K‹ndw, e« K‹dhŸ #dhâgâahd
V.ã.n#.m¥Jšfyh« ngh‹W ÉŠPhÅahf khzt®fŸ khw
m¿Éaiy¡ f‰f nt©L«.
« Raeyk‰w bjhiyneh¡F gh®it bfh©l jiyt®fshf
cUthf nt©L«
TLjš Édh¡fŸ-ÉilfŸ
rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¤J vGJf

1. bkŒ v‹D« brhšÈ‹ bghUŸ
m) bghWik M) nfhg«
ï) bghŒ <) c©ik Éil : <) c©ik
2. njr« v‹D« brhšÈ‹ bghUŸ
m) ehL M) tÊ
ï) cHî <) x¥òuî Éil : m) ehL
3. jhuhghuâÆ‹ milbkhÊ
m) ghtynuW M) fÉPhÆW
ï) fÉkÂ <) òu£á¡fÉ Éil :M) fÉPhÆW
4. òfœbg‰w tlbkhÊ¡ fÉP®
m) âUtŸSt® M) ghuâjhr‹
ï) ghuâah® <) fhËjhr® Éil :<) fhËjhr®
ïUbghUŸ jUf.
Éil : bkŒ - c©ik, m¿î
FWÉdh :
1. mw¤â‹ C‹Wnfhyhf¤ jhuhghuâ F¿¥ãLtJ ahJ?
mw¤â‹ C‹Wnfhyhf¤ jhuhghuâ F¿¥ãLtJ:
fhªâaofË‹ m»«ir v‹D« á¿a if¤jo.
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2. jhuhghuâ ïa‰¿a üšfis¡ F¿¥ãLf.

òâa ÉoašfŸ, ïJ v§fŸ »H¡F, ÉušEÅ btË¢r§fŸ
áWÉdh.
1. ïªâahÉ‹ bgUikfshf Ú§fŸ fUJtdt‰iw vGJf.
« c©ikfis k£Lnk ngh‰W»wJ
« m‹Åa eh£L k¡fË‹ gá¥ãÂia Ô®¡»wJ
« mw¤â‹ C‹Wnfhyhf És§F»wJ
2. fhËjhr® vGâa üšfŸ ahit ?

rhFªjy«, nkföj«, ïuFt«r«, Fkhut«r«.
f‰git f‰wã‹
1. ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš v‹D« ghliy ïirnahL ghLf.
óÄÆ‹ »H¡F thrÈJ!
bjŒt tŸSt‹ beŒj FwŸjh‹

njr« cL¤âa üyhil!
bkŒfis¥ ngh‰¿a ïªâa¤ jhŒ¡F
bkŒíz®î v‹»w nkyhil! (òJikfŸ)
fhË jhrÅ‹ njÅir¥ ghlšfŸ

fhÉÇ¡ fiuÆš vâbuhÈ¡f
f«gÅ‹ mKj¡ fÉij fS¡F¡
f§if miyfŸ ïiraik¡f (òJikfŸ)
f‹Å¡ FkÇÆ‹ Tªj Y¡fhf¡

fhZÛ®¤ njh£l« ó¤bjhL¡F«!
nk‰F kiyfŸ eâfis mD¥ã¡
»H¡F¡ fiuÆ‹ ey«nf£F«! (òJikfŸ)
òšbtË bašyh« ó¡fh lh»¥

ò‹dif brŒj bgh‰fhy«!
fšiy¡ Tl fhÉa kh¡»¡
f£o ÃW¤âa fiy¡Tl«! (òJikfŸ)
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m‹id eh£o‹ mKj RuãÆš

m‹Åa ehLfŸ gáÔu
m©zš fhªâÆ‹ á‹d¡ if¤jo
mw¤â‹ C‹W nfhyhf

óÄÆ‹ »H¡F thrÈJ! -jhuhghuâ
2.eh£L K‹nd‰w¤âš e« g§F" v‹D« jiy¥ãš ngRf.

ciu : f©z‹
tz¡f¤â‰FÇa tF¥gháÇa® mt®fns! ïÅa e©g®fns!
tz¡f«.
vâ®fhy« g‰¿a fdî f©L mij mila nt©L« v‹W
T¿a m¥Jšfyh« mt®fis tz§» eh£L K‹nd‰w¤âš e«
g§F v‹D« jiy¥ãš v‹ ciuahliy¤ bjhl§F»‹nw‹.
K‹Diu : e« eh£o‹ K‹nd‰w« khzt®fŸ ifÆšjh‹ cŸsJ.
khzt®fŸ go¤jhš k£L« nghjhJ. njáa¤ jiyt®fŸ khzt®
gUt¤ânyna e« eh£L Rjªâu¤â‰F nghuhoajhšjh‹ eh«
Rjªâu¡ fh‰iw¢ Rthá¡f Ko»wJ
njr¥g‰W : ï‹iwa fhyf£l¤âš ÔÉuthj«jh‹ e« eh£o‰F
Äf¥bgU« Mg¤jhf cŸsJ. ÔÉuthj¤ij K¿ao¡f
khzt®fŸjh‹ ntÈahf khwnt©L«. xG¡f«, nj¥g‰W
ïšyhjjhšjh‹ ãu¢ridfŸ el¡»‹wd. njr¥g‰W ïU¡F«nghJ
eh£Ley‹ ïU¡F«.
ÉŠPhÅ : e«ehL bghUshjhu¤âš K‹ndw, e« K‹dhŸ
#dhâgâahd V.ã.n#. m¥Jšfyh« ngh‹W ÉŠPhÅahf
khzt®fŸ khw m ¿ É a i y ¡ f ‰ f n t © L « . ïa‰ifia
áij¡fhj ÉŠPhd¤ij khzt®fŸ gil¡fnt©L«.
jiyt® : Raeyk‰w bjhiyneh¡F gh®it bfh©l jiyt®fshf
cUthf nt©L«.
Koîiu :Vœikia ngh¡F« bghUshjhu¡ fšÉia f‰¿l
nt©L«. ghl¤â£l¤ij¤ jh©o xG¡f«, bghJ m¿it f‰f
nt©L«. rKjha¥ bghW¥òÄ¡ft®fhsf eh« cUthdhš ehL
ts®¢á bgW«. e‹¿ tz¡f«.
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ciueil cyf«
ïaš
1.2. jÄœeh£oš fhªâ
x‹W
kdtiugl«
fhªâaofŸ
ghuâah® jÄœehL Ûdh£á Í.í.ngh¥ c.nt.rhÄehj®

nfhÉš
ïªâa vËik¤ jÄœ¡ ifnaL mo ÃHš
brh¤J âU¡nfhy« rk¤Jt«
kâ¥ÕL
1. fhªâaofËl« cil mÂtâš kh‰w¤ij V‰gL¤âa C®
m) nfhit M) kJiu
ï) jŠrhñ® <) áj«gu«
Éil : M) kJiu
2. fhªâaofŸ vªj¥ bgÇatÇ‹ moÃHÈš ïUªJ jÄœ
f‰fnt©L« v‹W ÉU«ãdh®?
m) ehk¡fš fÉP® M) âU.É.f.
ï) c.nt.rh. <) ghuâah®
Éil : ï) c.nt.rh
bghU¤Jf:
1. ïy¡»a khehL - ghuâah®
2. jÄœeh£L¡ fÉP® - br‹id
3. F‰why« - Í.í. ngh¥
4. jÄœ¡ifnaL - mUÉ
Éil :
1. ïy¡»a khehL - br‹id
2. jÄœeh£L¡ fÉP® - ghuâah®
3. F‰why« - mUÉ
4. jÄœ¡ifnaL - Í.í. ngh¥
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brh‰bwhlÇš mik¤J vGJf.

1. Mnyhrid 2. ghJfh¡f 3. kh‰w« 4. Ml«gu«
Éil : 1. bgÇat®fË‹ Mnyhridia¡ nf£L el¡f nt©L«.
2. ïa‰ifia¥ ghJfh¡f nt©oaJ e« flik
3. fhªâaofŸ jÄœeh£oš cil kh‰w« bfh©lh®
4. fhªâaofŸ btËeh£L Ml«gu bghUŸfis btW¤jh®
FWÉdh :
1. fhªâaofŸ kJiu Ûdh£á m«k‹ nfhÉY¡FŸ KjÈš V‹
EiHaÉšiy?
fhªâaofŸ kJiu Ûdh£á m«k‹ nfhÉY¡FŸ KjÈš všyh
k¡fS¡F« bršy cÇik kW¡f¥g£ljhš EiHaÉšiy.
2. fhªâaofS¡F¤ jÄœ f‰F« M®t¤ij V‰gL¤âa Ãfœit¡

TWf.
« 1937 M« M©L br‹idÆš ïy¡»a khehL eilbg‰wJ.
« m¥bghGJ c.nt. rhÄ ehjÇ‹ ciuia¡ nf£l fhªâaofŸ
k»œªjh®.
« mªÃfœthš mªj¥ bgÇatÇ‹ mo ÃHÈš ïUªJ jÄœ f‰f
nt©L« v‹w M®t« fhªâaofS¡F V‰g£lJ.
áWÉdh :
1. fhªâaofŸ cil kh‰w¤â‰F¡ fhuzkhf mikªj ÃfœÉid
vGJf.
« 1921 M« M©L br¥l«g® khj¤âš fhªâaofŸ òift©oÆš
kJiu¡F¢ br‹wh®
« bršY« tÊÆš bgU«ghyhd k¡fŸ ïL¥ãš xU J©L
k£Lnk mÂªJ ïU¥gij¡ f©lh®.
« m¥nghJ fhªâaofŸ Úskhd nt£o, nkšr£il, bgÇa
jiy¥ghif mÂtij tH¡fkhf¡ bfh©oUªjh®
« bgU«ghyhd ïªâa®fŸ nghâa cilfŸ ïšyhkš
ïU¡»wh®fŸ v‹W áªâ¤jh®
« m‹WKjš nt£oí« J©L« k£Lnk mÂa¤ bjhl§»dh®.
2. fhªâaofS¡F« jÄG¡F« cŸs bjhl®ãid vGJf.

« fhªâaofŸ bj‹dh¥ãÇ¡fhÉš thœªj fhy¤âš
jÄœbkhÊia¡ f‰f¤ bjhl§»dh®
« Í.í. ngh¥ vGâa jÄœ¡ ifnaL j«ik¡ ft®ªjjhf
F¿¥ã£LŸsh®.
« âU¡FwŸ mtiu¡ ft®ªj üyhF«
« 1937 M« M©L br‹idÆš elªj ïy¡»a kheh£oš
c.nt.rhÄehjÇ‹ ciuia¡ nf£l fhªâaofŸ mªj¥ bgÇatÇ‹
mo ÃHÈš ïUªJ jÄœ f‰fnt©L« v‹w M®t« fhªâaofS¡F
V‰g£lJ.
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áªjid Édh :
1. fhªâaofËl« fhz¥gL« ca®ªj g©òfshf Ú§fŸ
fUJgit ahit?
fhªâaofË‹ ca®ªj g©òfŸ :
« ghuâahiu ïªâa eh£o‹ brh¤J vd¡ T¿dh®.
« bgU«ghyhd k¡fË‹ cilia¡ f©L tUªâ nt£oí«
J©L« k£Lnk mÂa¤ bjhl§»dh®.
« Ml«gu¤ijí«, btË eh£L¥ bghUŸfisí« btW¤jh®.
« mid¤J ïd k¡fS« nfhÉY¡FŸ bršy cÇik c©L vd
tÈíW¤â Ô©lhikia btW¤jh®.
« bj‹dh¥ãÇ¡fhÉš thœªj fhy¤âš jÄiH f‰wh®.
« Í.í. ngh¥ vGâa jÄœ¡ ifnaL«, âU¡FwS« j«ik¡
ft®ªjjhf¡ F¿¥ã£L cŸsh®.
« mwtÊÆš nghuh£l§fis el¤âdh®.
« V‰w¤ jhœî m‰w rKjha« kyunt©L« v‹W cWâahf
ïUªjh®.

1. ghuâahiu "jÄœ eh£L¡ fÉP®" v‹W T¿at®
m) ïuh#hÍ M) âU.É.f.
ï) fhªâaofŸ <) ïuh#hÍ
Éil : <) ïuh#hÍ
2. fhªâaofŸ jÄœeh£o‰F tªj M©L

m) 1921 M) 1919
ï) 1937 <) 1945
Éil : m) 1921
3. 1937 M« M©L br‹idÆš eilbg‰w ïy¡»a kheh£o‹
tunt‰ò¡ FGÉ‹jiyt® ah®?
m) t.c.á M) ghuâah®
ï) ïuhrhá <) c.nt.rh
Éil : <) c.nt.rh
www.nammakalvi.in
nfho£l ïl¤ij Ãu¥òf.

1. M§»nya®fshš busy£ r£l« eilKiw¥ gL¤j¥g£l M©L
.................... Éil : 1919
2. fhªâaofË‹ njh‰w¤âš kh‰w¤ij V‰gL¤âa khÃy« ....................
MF«. Éil :jÄœehL
3. jÄœeh£oš fhªâ Máuk« nry« kht£l¤âš ............... ïl¤âš
cŸsJ. Éil : òJ¥ghisa«
4. fhªâaofŸ kiwªj âdkh»a #dtÇ 30 M©LnjhW« .............
âdkhf mDrÇ¡f¥gL»wJ. Éil : âah»fŸ
f‰git f‰wã‹
1. fhªâaofË‹ bgh‹bkhÊfis¤ âu£Lf.

1. jtWfis x¥ò¡bfhŸs kW¥gijÉl¥ bgÇa mtkhd«
vJîÄšiy.
2. ešy e©gid ÉU«ãdhš ešy e©gdhŒ ïU.
3. v¥nghJ« c©ikia kiw¡fhJ brhšy¡Toa kd¤âl«
nt©L«.
4. khztD¡F¢ áwªj ghl¥ò¤jf« mtDila Mrhnd v‹gJ
cWâahd e«ã¡if.
5. ga¤âdhš Õo¡f¥g£l kÅj‹ flîis xUehS« mila
KoahJ.
2. fhªâaofŸ el¤âa mwtÊ¥ nghuh£l§fË‹ bga®fis¤

bjhF¡f.
1. 1919 - busy£ r£l« vâ®¥ò
2. 1920 - x¤JiHahik ïa¡f«
3. 1922- brsÇ brsuh nghuh£l«
4. 1930 - c¥ò¢ r¤âah¡»uf« (j©o ah¤âiu),
r£l kW¥ò ïa¡f«
5. 1942 - btŸisand btËnaW ïa¡f«
www.nammakalvi.in
ÉÇthd«
ïaš
1.3. ntYeh¢áah®
x‹W
kdtiugl«
ntYeh¢áah®
jh©ltuha‹ bgÇakUJ á‹dkUJ FÆÈ Ij® mÈ

gil
É#ajrÄ ngh® átf§if
kht£l«
kâ¥ÕL
1. ntYeh¢áah® Ij® mÈÆ‹ cjÉia v›thW bg‰wh®?
« ntY eh¢áah® átf§ifia Û£f Ij® mÈÆ‹ gilcjÉ
njit¥g£lJ.
« vdnt ntYeh¢áahU«, mik¢r® jh©ltuhaD«
Ij®mÈia¢ rªâ¡f ikN® br‹wd®.
« m§F Ij®mÈÆl« gil cjÉ nf£L ntYeh¢áah® cUJ
bkhÊÆš ngádh®.
« mjdhš Ij®mÈ Äfî« k»œ¢á milªjh®.
« ntYeh¢áahÇ‹ g‹bkhÊ m¿thš Ij®mÈÆ‹ gil cjÉ
»il¤jJ.
2. ntYeh¢áah® átf§ifia Û£l Ãfœit¢ RU¡fkhf vGJf.

« ntYeh¢áahÇ‹ gilåu®fSl‹ Ij®mÈÆ‹ IahÆu«
Fâiu¥ gil åu®fS« nr®ªjd®.
« M©fŸ gil¥ãÇÉ‰F kUJ rnfhju®fS«, bg©fŸ gil¥
ãÇÉ‰F FÆÈí« jiyik V‰wd®.
« ÉrajrÄ¤ âUehs‹W átf§if nfh£il¡ fjîfŸ
âw¡f¥gL« m‹W bg©fS¡F k£Lnk mDkâ c©L.
« bg©fŸ ãÇÉd® TilfËš ó¡fŸ, gH§fŸ M»at‰Wl‹
Míj§fisí« kiw¤J¡bfh©L nfh£il¡F¢ br‹wd®.
« cŸns br‹wJ« FÆÈ j« clÈš Ô it¤J¡bfh©L Míj¡
»l§F¡FŸ Fâ¤JÉ£lh®.
« Ô vÇtJ bjÇªjJ« M©fŸ gil¥ãÇÉd® ntYeh¢áah®
www.nammakalvi.in
«Miz¥go nfh£il¡FŸ br‹wd®.

« M§»nyaÇ‹ gilíl‹ fLikahf¥ nghÇ£ld®.
« ïWâÆš M§»y¥gil njhšÉailªJ nfh£ilia É£L
XoaJ.
« ntYeh¢áahÇ‹ åu«, kUJ rnfhju®fË‹ M‰wš, Ij®mÈÆ‹
cjÉ M»at‰nwhL FÆÈÆ‹ âahfK« ïizªjjhš átf§if
Û£f¥g£lJ.
nfho£l ïl¤ij Ãu¥òf.

1. ntYeh¢áah® átf§ifia Û£l M©L...............
Éil : 1780
2. ntYeh¢áahÇ‹ fhy« ...............
Éil : 1730-1796
3. #h‹áuhÂ¡F K‹ng M§»nyaiu vâ®¤jt®...............
Éil : ntYeh¢áah®
4. .............. m‹W ntYeh¢áahU¡F ïªâa muR jghš jiy
btËÆ£lJ. Éil : 31.12.2008
f‰git f‰wã‹
ï¡fijia ehlfkhf tF¥giwÆš eo¤J¡ fh£Lf.
ïuhkehjòu¤ij M£á brŒj bršyK¤J k‹dÇ‹ xnu kfŸ
ntYeh¢áah®. átf§if k‹d® K¤JtLfehjiu kzªJ
k»œ¢ánahL thœªJ tªjh®
fhisah®nfhÉÈš eilbg‰w nghÇš K¤JtLfehj® M§»y¥
gilíl‹ nghÇ£L åukuz« milªjh®. ntYeh¢áah®
M§»nyaiu bt‹W átf§ifia Û£f cWâ ó©lh®. â©L¡fš
nfh£ilÆš j§» xU gilia¤ âu£o¥ gÆ‰á mË¤jh®.
v£L M©LfS¡F¥ ã‹:
fh£á 1
ïl« : â©L¡fš nfh£il
g§Fbfh©lt®fŸ : åuk§if ntYeh¢áah®, mik¢r®
jh©ltuha®, jsgâfsh»a bgÇakUJ, á‹dkUJ, FWÃy
k‹d®fŸ
ntYeh¢áah® : eh« átf§ifia ïHªJ v£L M©LfŸ
M»É£ld
6th III 5 in 1 T.M 2
www.nammakalvi.in
mik¢r® jh©ltuha® : "ftiy¥glhÔ®fŸ muáahnu, eh«

átf§ifia Û£F« ehŸ beU§»É£lJ".
ntYeh¢áah® : mªj ïÅa ehis¤jh‹ ehD« MtYl‹
vâ®gh®¤J¡ bfh©L ïU¡»nw‹.
m¥nghJ btËna bgU« Muthu« nf£lJ.
ntYeh¢áah® : ikNÇÈUªJ Ij®mÈ mD¥ãa gil tªJ
É£lJ v‹W Ãid¡»nw‹.
åu‹ : muáahU¡F tz¡f«. ikNÇš ïUªJ IahÆu«
Fâiu¥ gil åu®fŸ tªJŸsd®.
ntYeh¢áah® : m¥goah? k»œ¢á. mt®fis XŒî vL¡f¢
brhš . eh‹ ãwF tªJ gh®¡»nw‹. åu‹ btËna¿dh‹
mik¢r® jh©ltuha® : Ij®mÈ cWâahf¥ gilia
mD¥òth® v‹W vd¡F K‹ng bjÇí« muáahnu
ntYeh¢áah® : vjdhš m¥go¢ brhš»Ö®fŸ?
mik¢r® jh©ltuha® : eh« ïUtU« Ij® mÈia¢ rªâ¡f
ikN® br‹nwh« mšyth? m¥nghJ jh§fŸ mtÇl«
cUJbkhÊÆš ngáÜ®fŸ. m¥nghJ mt® Kf¤âš bgÇa k»œ¢á
njh‹¿aij eh‹ f©nl‹
á‹dkUJ : e« muáahÇ‹ g‹bkhÊ m¿î ek¡F¥ bgÇa
e‹ikia¤ jªâU¡»wJ
bgÇakUJ : M«. ekJ åu®fSl‹ Ij®mÈÆ‹ IahÆu«
Fâiu¥ gil åu®fS« nr®ªJ É£ld®. Mfnt ehis átf§ifia
Û£f¥ òw¥glyh« mšyth?
ntYeh¢áah® : v‹ fzt® bfhšy¥g£l C® fhisah®
nfhÉš. vdnt eh« KjÈš fhisah® nfhÉiy¡ if¥g‰Wnth«.
ãwF átf§ifia Û£ngh«.
midtU« mjid V‰W¡ bfh©ld®. kWehŸ
fhisah®nfhÉš neh¡» ntYeh¢áah® gil òw¥g£lJ. M©fŸ
gil¥ãÇÉ‰F kUJ rnfhju®fS«, bg©fŸ gil¥ãÇÉ‰F¡
FÆÈí« jiyik V‰wd®.
fhisah®nfhÉÈš ntY eh¢áahÇ‹ gil¡F« M§»nyaÇ‹
gil¡F« ïilna fLikahd ngh® eilbg‰wJ. ïWâÆš
M§»nyaÇ‹ gil njh‰W XoaJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
fh£á 2
ïl« : fhisah®nfhÉš
g§Fbfh©lt®fŸ : åuk§if ntYeh¢áah®, mik¢r®
jh©ltuha®, jsgâfsh»a bgÇakUJ, á‹dkUJ
bgÇakUJ : muáah® mt®fns! fhisah®nfhÉš e« if¡F
tªJÉ£lJ. eh« ï¥nghnj átf§if¡ nfh£ilia¤ jh¡»dhš
M§»nyaiu Éu£oao¤JÉlyh«.
ntYeh¢áah® : mtru« nt©lh«. ï¥nghJ átf§if
nfh£il¡ fjîfŸ mil¡f¥g£oU¡F«. tU« ÉrajrÄ¤ âUehŸ
m‹W fjîfŸ âw¡f¥gL«. m¥nghJ ekJ gilfŸ cŸns
EiHayh«.
á‹dkUJ : m¥nghJ« bgÇa fhtš ïU¡Fnk
ntYeh¢áah® : ÉrajrÄ ehËš nfh£il¡FŸ brštj‰F¥
bg©fS¡F k£L« mDkâ c©L. ekJ bg©fŸ ãÇÉd®
TilfËš ó¡fŸ, gH§fŸ M»at‰Wl‹ Míj§fisí« kiw¤J¡
bfh©L nfh£il¡FŸ bršy£L«. cŸns mt®fŸ jh¡Fjiy¤
bjhl§»aJ« ekJ M©fŸ ãÇÉdU« nfh£il¡FŸ EiHªJ
jh¡f£L«. M§»nyaiu Éu£o mo¤JÉlyh«.
mik¢r® jh©ltuha® : m¥gona brŒayh« muáahnu.
ï‹D« xU brŒâ. j§fis¡ fh£o¡ bfhL¡FkhW cilahŸ
v‹D« bg©iz M§»nya®fŸ t‰òW¤âdh®fsh«. mtŸ
kW¤jjhš bfh‹W É£lh®fsh«. mtS¡F eh« cÇa KiwÆš
áw¥ò¢brŒa nt©L«.
ntYeh¢áah® : mtU¡F xU eLfš eLtj‰F V‰ghL
brŒí§fŸ mik¢rnu. mtuJ bgUikia všnyhU« m¿ªJ
bfhŸs£L«.
mik¢r® jh©ltuha® : m¥gona brŒnth« gil kWehŸ
fhiy átf§ifia milªjJ.
fh£á 3
ïl« : átf§if
g§Fbfh©lt®fŸ : åuk§if ntYeh¢áah®, FÆÈ, gilfŸ
FÆÈ : muáahnu, eh‹ ekJ bg©fŸ gil¥ãÇîl‹
khWntl¤âš cŸns brš»nw‹. cŸns br‹wJ« m§FŸs Míj¡
»l§»‰F v¥goahtJ Ô it¤JÉL»nw‹. Ô vÇtJ bjÇªjJ« e«
www.nammakalvi.in
gil cŸns EiHa£L«.

ntYeh¢áah® : m¥gona Mf£L«
FÆÈí« bg©fŸ gilÆdU« nfh£il¡FŸ br‹wd®. á¿J
neu¤âš nfh£il¡FŸ bgU« T¢rš vGªjJ. cŸns caukhf¤ Ô
vÇtJ bjÇªjJ
ntYeh¢áah® : ekJ gil cŸnsEiHa£L«
gilåu®fŸ nfh£il¡FŸ ghŒªJ br‹wd®. M§»nyaÇ‹
gilíl‹ fLikahf¥ nghÇ£ld®. ïWâÆš M§»y¥gil
njhšÉailªJ nfh£ilia É£L XoaJ.
åu®fŸ : bt‰¿, bt‰¿
ntYeh¢áah® : ïªj bt‰¿¡F¡ fhuzkhf FÆÈ v§nf?
åu®fŸ : FÆÈ j« clÈš Ô it¤J¡bfh©L Míj¡
»l§F¡FŸ Fâ¤JÉ£lh®.
ntYeh¢áah® : FÆÈ j« cÆiu¤ jªJ e« eh£il Û£L¡
bfhL¤âU¡»wh®. mtuJ JÂî¡F« âahf¤â‰F« åu¤â‰F«
jiy tz§F»nw‹.
ntYeh¢áahÇ‹ åu«, kUJ rnfhju®fË‹ M‰wš,
Ij®mÈÆ‹ cjÉ M»at‰nwhL FÆÈÆ‹ âahfK«
ïizªjjhš átf§if Û£f¥g£lJ.
f‰f©L
ïaš
1.4. ehštif¢ brh‰fŸ
x‹W
kdtiugl«
bga®¢brhš Éid¢brhš ïil¢brhš cÇ¢brhš
gŸË th F kh
kâ¥ÕL
brhštifia m¿ªJ bghUªjh¢ brhšiy t£lÄLf.
1. m) go¤jhŸ M) I ï) k‰W <) F
Éil : m)go¤jhŸ
2. m) kJiu M) fhš ï) á¤âiu <) Xodh‹
Éil : <) Xodh‹
www.nammakalvi.in
3. m) br‹wh‹ M) tªj ï) á¤âiu <) elªj

Éil : ï) á¤âiu
4. m) khehL M) I ï) c« <) k‰W
Éil : m)khehL
FWÉdh.
1. brhš v‹whš v‹d?
« jÄÊš áy vG¤JfŸ jÅ¤J Ã‹W bghUŸ jU«
« x‹W¡F nk‰g£l vG¤JfŸ bjhl®ªJ tªJ« bghUŸ jU«
ï›thW bghUŸ jUgit brhš vd¥gL«.
« (v.fh) <, ó, ik, flš, fš, j§f«
2. brh‰fË‹ tiffis vGJf.

ïy¡fz mo¥gilÆš brh‰fŸ eh‹F tif¥gL«. mit
1. bga®¢brhš
2. Éid¢ brhš
3. ïil¢brhš
4. cÇ¢brhš
3. bgaiuí« Éidiaí« rh®ªJ tU« brh‰fis v›thW

tH§F»nwh«?
bgaiuí« Éidiaí« rh®ªJ tU« brh‰fis ïil¢ brhš
v‹W tH§F»‹nwh«
(v.fh) c« - jªijí« jhí«
k‰W - k‰bwhUt®
I - âU¡Fwis
áªjid Édh.
ehštif¢ brh‰fËš jÅ¤J ïa§Fgit vit? vL¤J¡
fh£LfŸ jUf.
ehštif¢ brh‰fËš jÅ¤J ïa§Fgit :
bga®¢brhš: bgaiu¡ F¿¡F« brhš bga®¢brhš vd¥gL«.
(v.fh) ghuâ, gŸË, fhiy, f©, e‹ik, XLjš.
Éid¢brhš : braiy¡ F¿¡F« brhš Éid¢ brhš vd¥gL«.
(v.fh) th, ngh, vGJ, ÉisahL.
www.nammakalvi.in

1. bga®¢brhšY¡F vL¤J¡fh£L jUf.
m) gŸË M) vGJ
ï) j«ã¡F <) khefu«
Éil : m) gŸË
2. Éid¢ brhšY¡F vL¤J¡fh£L jUf
m) fhiy M) f©
ï) ÉisahL <) jªijí« jhí«
Éil : ï) ÉisahL
1. fhªâaofis¡ ft®ªj üš âU¡FwŸ - ï¤bjhlÇš cŸs

bga®¢ brh‰fis vL¤J vGJf.
Éil : fhªâaofŸ, âU¡FwŸ
2. jªijí«, jhí« CU¡F¢ br‹wd® - ï¤bjhlÇš cŸs

ïil¢ brh‰fis vL¤J vGJf.
Éil : jªijí« jhí«, CU¡F
brh‰fis¥ bghU¤Jf.
m) bga®¢brhš - ngh
M) Éid¢brhš - rhy¢áwªjJ
ï) ïil¢brhš - e‹ik
<) cÇ¢brhš - âU¡Fwis
Éil :
m) bga®¢brhš - e‹ik
M) Éid¢brhš - ngh
ï) ïil¢brhš - âU¡Fwis
<) cÇ¢brhš - rhy¢áwªjJ
www.nammakalvi.in
FWÉdh :
bga®¢brhš, Éid¢brhš M»at‰¿‹ j‹ikia ÄFâ¥gL¤j
tUtJ vit? v.fh.jUf.
bga®¢brhš, Éid¢brhš M»at‰¿‹ j‹ikia
ÄFâ¥gL¤j tUtJ cÇ¢brhš MF«
(v.fh) kh - khefu«
rhy - rhy¢áwªjJ
f‰git f‰wã‹
ã‹tU« bjhl®fËš cŸs ehštif¢ brh‰fis

tif¥gL¤Jf.
1. tstD« j§ifí« khefu¥ ngUªâš V¿d®
Éil :
bga®¢brhš : tst‹, j§if,ngUªJ
Éid¢brhš : V¿d®
ïil¢brhš : c« - tstD«, j§ifí«
cÇ¢brhš : kh - khefu«
2. ehŸnjhW« âU¡Fwis¥ go.
Éil :
bga®¢brhš : ehŸnjhW«, âU¡FwŸ.
Éid¢brhš : go
ïil¢brhš : I - âU¡Fwis
3. ViH¡F cjîjš rhy¢áwªjJ v‹wh® MáÇa®.
Éil :
bga®¢brhš : ViH, MáÇa®
Éid¢brhš : cjî
ïil¢brhš : F - ViH¡F
cÇ¢brhš : rhy - rhy¢áwªjJ
4. Ñœ¡fhQ« FwËš cŸs ïil¢brhšiy vGJf.
k¡fŸ bkŒÔ©lš cl‰»‹g« k‰Wmt®
brh‰nf£lš ï‹g« brÉ¡F
Éil :
ïil¢brhš : W - k‰W, F - brÉ¡F
brŒâ¤jhËš Éisah£L¢ brŒâ x‹iw¥ go¤J, mâš

ïl«bg‰WŸs ehštif¢ brh‰fis vGJf.
www.nammakalvi.in
2006 š f¤jh® khefu¤âš Máa Éisah£L ïil¤ bjhiyî

X£l¥ ngh£o eilbg‰wJ mâš KjyhtJ gj¡f¤ij bt‹w Kjš
jÄœ¥ bg© rhªâ v‹gt® Mth®.
Éil :
bga®¢brhš : f¤jh®, rhªâ
Éid¢brhš : X£l«
ïil¢brhš : I - gj¡f¤ij
cÇ¢brhš : khefu«
ïaš
1.5 bkhÊia MŸnth«
x‹W
nf£f. : jÄHf ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l åu®fSŸ xUtÇ‹
tuyh‰iw¡ nf£f.
K‹Diu : ïªâa ÉLjiy¡F¥ ghLg£lt®fËš bj‹dh£L¤
âyf® vd¥ ngh‰w¥gLgt® t.c.áj«gu« ãŸis.
ãw¥ò« ïsik¥ gUtK« : 05.09.1872 M« ehËš ö¤J¡Fo
kht£l¤âš cŸs x£l¥ãlhu¤âš ãwªjh®. jÄÊY«,
M§»y¤âY« òyik bg‰wh®. r£l¡fšÉ gÆ‹W tH¡f¿P® g£l«
bg‰wh®.
ÉLjiy ïa¡f¤âš <LghL : ïUgjh« ü‰wh©L bjhl¡f¤âš
ghyf§fhju âyfÇ‹ jiyikÆš j«ik ïiz¤J¡ bfh©lh®.
ghuâah®, R¥ãukÂaáth M»a jiyt®fSl‹ nr®ªJ eh£L
k¡fËilna åuKH¡fÄ£lh®.
Rnjá¡f¥gš : 16.10.1906 M« ehËš M§»nyaÇ‹ f¥gšfS¡F¥
ngh£oahf Rnjá ehthŒ¢ r§f« v‹w cŸeh£L¡ f¥gš
ÃWtd¤ij¥ gâî brŒjh®. mj‹_y« ö¤J¡Fo¡F«,
bfhG«ò¡F« ïilna flštÊ¥ ngh¡Ftu¤ij¤ bjhl§»dh®.
áiw¤j©lid : Rnjá¡f¥gš thÂf¤jhš M§»nyaÇ‹ f¥gš
ngh¡Ftu¤J eÈî‰wJ. ãÇ¤jhÅa murhš njr¤Jnuh» vd¡
F‰w« rh£l¥g£L MíŸ j©lid Éâ¡f¥g£L áiwÆš
mil¡f¥g£lh®. áiwÆš rzš ü‰wh®, fš cil¤jh®, khL nghy
br¡»G¤jh®. mt® ïšyhjjhš mt® f¥gš ÃWtd« eZlkhdjhš
É‰f¥g£lJ. 1912 M« M©L ÉLjiyahdh®. gy ï‹dšfS¡F
Mshd mt® 18.11.1936š kuzkilªjh®.
Koîiu : ehL ÉLjiy milªj ã‹ò gy ïl§fËY« mtU¡F¢
áiy vG¥ã¥ ngh‰W»‹wd®. t.c.á ïG¤j br¡F Ãidî¢
á‹dkhf ngh‰w¥gL»wJ. mt® br¡»G¤j¢ br«kš v‹W
ngh‰w¥gL»wh®.
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Ñœ¡fhQ« jiy¥òfËš xU ÃÄl« ngRf.

1.ghuâah®.
ciu - brªâš : tz¡f¤â‰FÇa tF¥gháÇa® mt®fns! ïÅa
e©g®fns! tz¡f«. jdJ fÉij thÆyhf ÉLjiy cz®it¤
ö©oa ghuâahiu¥ g‰¿a vdJ ciuia¤ bjhl§F»‹nw‹.
K‹Diu : ïUgjh« ü‰wh©o‹ ïiza‰w fÉP® ghuâah®. k©
cÇik¡fhfî«, bg© cÇik¡fhfî« ghoat® ghuâah®.
ãw¥ò : ghuâah® á‹d¢rhÄ IaU¡F«, ïy£RÄ m«khS¡F«
kfdhf 1882 M« M©L or«g® khj« 11 M« ehŸ âUbešntÈ
kht£l¤âš cŸs v£laòu¤âš ãwªjh®.
ïsik¡fhy« : ghuâah® kJiu nrJgâ ca® ÃiygŸËÆš áy
fhy« jÄHháÇahuhf¤ bjh©lh‰¿dh®. 1904 M« M©L
RnjrÄ¤âu‹ v‹D« ïjÊš gÂah‰¿dh®. 1905 š r¡fut®¤âÅ
v‹w â§fŸ ïjiH¤ bjhl§»dh®. É#ah v‹w ehËjÊ‹
MáÇauhfî« ïUªjh®.
eh£L¥gÂ : ghU¡FŸns ešy ehL v§fŸ ghuj ehL v‹W
cz®¢á¡ fÉijfis¥ gil¤J ÉLjiy nt£ifia k¡fŸ
cŸs¤âš vH¢ brŒjh®.
t.c.á ¡F Éâ¡f¥g£l MíŸ j©lidia vâ®¤J f£Liu
vGâdh®. mjdhš M§»nya muR mtiu¡ ifJ brŒJ 34 eh£fŸ
fhtÈš it¡f¥g£lh®. ã‹d® ÉLÉ¡f¥g£lh®.
Koîiu : ghuj rKjha« ešthœî bgw¥ gho ciH¤j òu£á¡ fÉ
ghuâah® 11.09.1921 M« M©L jdJ 39 MtJ taâš mku® Mdh®.
e‹¿ tz¡f«.
2. fhªâaofŸ.
ciu - rhªâ : tz¡f¤â‰FÇa tF¥gháÇa® mt®fns! vdJ
ïÅa njhÊfns! midtU¡F« tz¡f«. mw¥ngh® òÇªJ
ïªâahÉ‰F ÉLjiy¥ bg‰W¤ jªj fhªâaofis¥ g‰¿ v‹
ciuia¤ bjhl§F»nw‹.
K‹Diu : "ita¤JŸ thœth§F thœgt‹ thDiwí«
bjŒt¤JŸ it¡f¥ gL«"
v‹w tŸSt® FwË‹go ï›îyf¤âš thHnt©oa Kiw¥go
thœªjt® m©zš fhªâaofŸ. mjdhšjh‹ fÉaur® jhT®
'kfh¤kh' v‹w g£l« N£o k»œªjh®.
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ãw¥ò« ïsik¡ fhyK« : F#uh¤ khÃy« ngh®gªjÇš 02.10.1869 M«

M©L fhghfhªâ¡F« ò¤âÈghŒ¡F« fhªâaofŸ kfdhf¥
ãwªjh®. gŸË ïWâ tF¥ãš nj®¢á bg‰W ï§»yhªâš r£l¡ fšÉ
gÆ‹wh®. ghÇ°luh» ïªâah âU«ãdh®. ã‹d®, bj‹dh¥ãÇ¡fh
br‹W ïdbt¿iaí«, Ãwbt¿iaí« vâ®¤J, fW¥g® ïd
k¡fS¡F cÇikfŸ bg‰W¤ jªjh®. 1915ï š ïªâah âU«ãdh®.
muáaš ngh® : fhªâaofŸ xnu fhy¤âš ïUKid¥ ngh® òÇa
nt©oajhÆ‰W. x‹W btŸisaiu vâ®¡F« muáaš òu£á.
k‰bwh‹W ïªâa eh£L k¡fis vâ®¤J¢ rKjha¥ òu£á.
ï›ÉUtif¥ òu£áfisí« mwtÊÆnyna brŒjh®.
mwtÊ¥ nghuh£l§fŸ : busy£ r£l« vâ®¥ò, x¤JiHahik
ïa¡f«, brsÇ brsuh nghuh£l«, c¥ò¢ r¤âah»uf«, r£lkW¥ò
ïa¡f«, btŸisand btËnaW ïa¡f« ngh‹wit M§»y muir
mf‰w fhªâaofŸ el¤âa mwtÊ¥ nghuh£l§fshF«.
Koîiu : mw¥nghuh£l§fŸ _y« ÉLjiy¥ bg‰W¤ jªj
fhªâaofis 30.01.1948 M« M©L nfh£nr R£lnghJ«
R£ltD¡F¤ Ô§»iH¡f¡ TlhJ v‹W T¿ kiwªjh®.
3.ntYeh¢áah®.
ciu - Ršjh‹ : kâ¥ã‰FÇa tF¥gháÇa® mt®fns! ïÅa
e©g®fns! Kj‰f© vdJ tz¡f¤ij T¿¡bfhŸ»nw‹.
ÉLjiy¥ nghÇš bt‰¿ thif Noa ntYeh¢áah® mt®fË‹
tuyh‰iw¥ g‰¿ ï¥bghGJ ciu M‰w ngh»nw‹.
K‹Diu : ïuhÂ ntYeh¢áah® gâbd£lh« ü‰wh©oš
jÄœeh£o‹ átf§if¥ gFâÆ‹ ïuhÂ, k‰W« ãÇ¤jhÅa¡
»H¡»ªâa¡ f«bgÅ¡F vâuhf Míj« Vªâ¥ nghuhoa bg©
ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l¤ jiyÉ. ïtnu ïªâahÉ‹ Kjš bg©
ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l åuh§fid Mth®.
ãw¥ò« ïsikí« : ïuhÂ ntYeh¢áah® bršyK¤J É#auFehj
nrJgâ¡F«, K¤jh¤jhŸ eh¢áahU¡F« xnu bg© kfshŒ 1730
M« M©L ïuhkehjòu« kht£l¤âš ãwªjh®. vÅD« M© thÇR
nghynt ts®¡f¥g£lh®. Míj¥ gÆ‰á bg‰wh®. gy bkhÊfŸf‰wh®.
1746 ïš átf§if¢ Óik k‹d® K¤JtLfehj¤ njtU¡F
kidÉahdh®.
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â©L¡fš nfh£il : fhisah® nfhÉÈš eilbg‰w nghÇš K¤J

tLf ehj® M§»nya®fshš bfhšy¥g£lh®. mjdhš â©L¡fš
nfh£ilÆš j§» átf§ifia Û£f cWâ ó©lh®. mtU¡F
mik¢r® jh©ltuha‹, bgÇakUJ, á‹d kUJ k‰W« FWÃy
k‹d®fŸ, FÆÈ, Ij® mÈÆ‹ gilfŸ g¡f gykhf ïUªjd.
nghuh£l§fŸ : bgU« nghuh£l§fis el¤â fhisah® nfhÉš
k‰W« átf§ifia Û£l ntYeh¢áah® or«g® 25, 1796 m‹W
ïwªjh®.
Koîiu : ntY eh¢áah® ga‹gL¤âa <£o, thŸ Kjyhd gy
bghU£fŸ átf§ifÆš mU§fh£áaf¤âš it¤J¥
ghJfh¡f¥gL»‹wd.
ïuhÂ ntYeh¢áah® Ãidî jghšjiy ïªâa murhš 31
or«g® 2008 m‹W btËÆl¥g£lJ.
brhšy¡ nf£L vGJf.

ïªâaehL fhªâaofŸ C‹Wnfhš ntYeh¢áah®
thœ¤JfŸ bkŒíz®î eh‰w§fhš cÇ¢brhš
bghJ¡T£l« F‰why«
Ñœ¡fhQ« g¤âia¥ go¤J Édh¡fS¡F Éil vGJf.

ïªâa ÉLjiy¡F¥ ghLg£lt®fSŸ xUt® t.c.áj«gudh®.
t.c.á. mt®fŸ jÄÊY« M§»y¤âY« òyik bg‰¿Uªjh®. mt®,
tH¡f¿P®, vG¤jhs®, ng¢rhs®, bjhÊ‰r§f¤ jiyt® v‹D«
g‹Kf¤ j‹ik bg‰¿Uªjh®. M§»nyaÇ‹ f¥gšfS¡F¥
ngh£oahf cŸeh£L ïªâa¡ f¥gš ÃWtd¤ij¤ bjhl§»at®.
1906 M« M©L m¡nlhg® 16 M« ehŸ "Rnjá ehthŒ¢ r§f«" v‹w
f¥gš ÃWtd¤ij¥ gâî brŒjh®. t.c.á. br‹id¡F¢ bršY«
nghJ ghuâahiu¢ rªâ¥gij tH¡fkhf¡ bfh©oUªjh®. nkY«,
ghuâah® ghlšfis ÉU«ã¡ nf£gh®.
1. Rnjá ehthŒ¢ r§f¤ij ÃWÉat® ah®?
Éil: t.c.áj«gudh®
2. t.c.á. br‹id¡F¢ bršY«nghJ ahiu¢ rªâ¥gij
tH¡fkhf¡ bfh©oUªjh®?
Éil : ghuâah®
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3. t.c.á. mt®fŸ ahUila ghlšfis ÉU«ã¡ nf£gh®?

Éil: ghuâah®
4. t.c.á. mt®fË‹ g‹Kf¤ j‹ikfŸ ahit?
Éil: tH¡f¿P®, ng¢rhs®, vG¤jhs®, bjhÊ‰r§f¤ jiyt®
5. t.c.á. mt®fŸ òyik bg‰¿Uªj bkhÊfŸ ahit?
Éil: jÄœ, M§»y«
ïl« m¿ªJ ga‹gL¤Jnth«

1. x‹W v‹gij¡ F¿¡f X®, xU M»a ïu©L brh‰fS«
ga‹gL»‹wd. cÆbuG¤âš bjhl§F« brhšY¡F K‹ X®
v‹D« brhšiy¥ ga‹gL¤j nt©L«. cÆ®bkŒbaG¤âš
bjhl§F« brhšY¡F K‹ xU v‹D« brhšiy¥ ga‹gL¤j
nt©L«.
(v.fh) X® C®, X® VÇ
xU efu«, xU flš
2. ïitnghynt, cÆbuG¤âš bjhl§F« brhšY¡F K‹ m~J

v‹D« brhšiy¥ ga‹gL¤j nt©L«. cÆ® bkŒbaG¤âš
bjhl§F« brhšY¡F K‹mJ v‹D« brhšiy¥ ga‹gL¤j
nt©L«.
(v.fh) m~J ï§nf cŸsJ
mJ e‹whf cŸsJ
Ñœ¡fhQ« bjhl®fËš cŸs ãiHfis¤ âU¤â vGJf.

1. xU mH»a á‰ùÇš X® Fs« ïUªjJ.
Éil: X® mH»a á‰ùÇš XU Fs« ïUªjJ.
2. xU ïuî« X® gfY« nr®ªjJ xU ehŸ.
Éil: X® ïuî« xU gfY« nr®ªjJ xU ehŸ
3. mJ ïšyhj ïl¤âš vJî« el¡fhJ.
Éil: m~J ïšyhj ïl¤âš vJî« el¡fhJ
4. m~J efu¤â‰F¢ bršY« rhiy.
Éil: mJ efu¤â‰F¢ bršY« rhiy
5. mJ xU ïÅa ghlš.
Éil: m~J X® ïÅa ghlš
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mfutÇir¥ gL¤Jf.
bg©fŸ, ghuj«, òJik, ÕÈ, ngUªJ, óÄ, gH§fŸ,
bghJ¡T£l«, iga‹, ngh¡Ftu¤J, ã‹Åuî.
Éil: gH§fŸ, ghuj«, ã‹Åuî, ÕÈ, òJik, óÄ, bg©fŸ, ngUªJ,
iga‹, bghJ¡T£l«, ngh¡Ftu¤J
brašâ£l« .
fhªâaofË‹ ÉLjiy¥ nghuh£l ÃfœîfŸ g‰¿a gl§fis¤
âu£o¥ gl¤bjhF¥ò x‹W cUth¡Ff.
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ïaš
1.6 bkhÊnahL ÉisahL
x‹W
ïu©L brh‰fis ïiz¤J¥ òâa brh‰fis cUth¡F.
(v.fh) vd¡F vd¡F©L vd¡»šiy
Éil :
tl¡F c©L tl¡F©L tl¡»šiy
gªJ ïšiy gªJ©L gªâšiy
gh£L gh£L©L gh£ošiy
f£l§fËš cŸs brh‰fis¡ bfh©L bjhl®fŸ cUth¡Ff.

ghÇ tªjd
vÊÈ tªjh‹
khzt®fŸ å£L¡F tªjJ
khL tªjh®fŸ
khLfŸ tªjhŸ
Éil :
* ghÇ å£L¡F tªjh‹
* vÊÈ å£L¡F tªjhŸ
* khzt®fŸ å£L¡F tªjh®fŸ
* khL å£L¡F tªjJ
* khLfŸ å£L¡F tªjd
f£l§fËš kiwªJŸs ehštif¢ brh‰fis vGJf.
0F « ng á t ‹
k u U g © jh
u f ª W o Œ
‹ e J c « br
I kh L k ‰ W
e l ¡ » wh Ÿ
(v.fh) Fku‹ - bga®¢brhš

Éil :
bga®¢brhš - ngUªJ, át‹, Fku‹, khL
Éid¢brhš - el¡»whŸ, brŒjh‹
ïil¢brhš - I, c« , k‰W
cÇ¢brhš - khefu«, cWgá
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Ã‰f mj‰F¤ jf...

v‹ bghW¥òfŸ
« jhŒ jªijÆ‹ å£L ntiyfËš v‹dhš Koªj cjÉfis¢
brŒnt‹.
« gŸË, bghJ ïl§fËš cŸs bghU£fis cil¡fhkš
ghJfh¥ng‹.
« jÄœ¤jhŒ thœ¤J, eh£L¥g©, njáa¡ bfho KjÈat‰¿‰F
cÇa kÇahij jUnt‹.
fiy¢brhš m¿nth«
eh£L¥g‰W-Patriotism ïy¡»a«-Literature
fiy¡Tl«-Art Gallery bkŒíz®î-Knowledge of Reality
ïaš
1.7 foj«
x‹W
1. bjUÉš bfhR kUªJ mo¡f nt©o É©z¥g«
mD¥òe®
j.kÂf©l‹
66, ãŸisah® nfhÉš bjU,
Ãiyô®,
kJiu - 625 005
bgWe®
khefuh£á Rfhjhu mYty®,
khefuh£á mYtyf«,
kJiu.
Iah,
bghUŸ : bfhR kUªJ mo¤jš bjhl®ghf
v§fŸ gFâ k¡fŸ beU¡f« ÄFªj gFâahF«. gyju¥g£l

TÈ ntiy brŒgt®fŸ ÃiwªJ ïU¡»‹wd®. ï§FŸs
fhšthŒfŸ rÇahf guhkÇ¡f¥glhjjhš mt‰¿š rh¡fil
eh‰w¤Jl‹ bfhR¡fŸ ÃiwªJ bl§F, knyÇah nehŒfŸ tU«
mgha« cUth»íŸsJ.
vdnt mŒah mt®fŸ v§fŸ gFâ k¡fŸ ešy Rfhjhu¤Jl‹
thH ïªj É©z¥g¤ij V‰W¡bfh©L v§fŸ gFâ¡F
bfhRkUªJ mo¡f Mtz brŒíkhW nt©L»nw‹.
e‹¿
ïl« : kJiu j§fŸ c©ikíŸs
ehŸ : j.kÂf©l‹
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bry¡r‹ 6 ENGLISH 87 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
6 ENGLISH
TERM - III
5 in 1
POEM : Indian Seasons

(MEMORITER)
Summer comes
in a blaze of heat
with sunny smiles
and dusty feet
Then seasons change

to muddy roads
monsoons and mangoes
leapfrogs and toads
Spring is pretty
but short and sweet
when you can smell the grass
from your garden seat
Autumn is English
in red, yellow and brown
Autumn is Indian
whenever leaves fall down
- Nisha Dyrene
www.nammakalvi.in
6 ENGLISH
TERM - III
5 in 1
UNIT - 1
Prose : Who Owns the Water ?
MINDMAP
Bird-no place
to lay eggs.
Made depression Wild boar-slept
into hole- in the hole-
laid egg - uncomfortable-
Farmer found hatced - flew made the hole
the pool- bigger.
was happy- But
the rich farmer
said it was
his
Who Owns the Water ?
Pack of wild
Rainy day- dogs-made the
hole filled with hole still bigger
water-buffaloes when they
sat and hole searched boar.
became pool
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WARM UP :
Look at the pictures, discuss in pairs, share
your answers with the class.
During which season do you see a peacock
dance?
We see a peacock dance during rainy season.
In which season can you see trees without

leaves? Name the country where you can find
this season.
We can see trees without leaves during autumn
season. We can find the season in India.
Which season is shown in this picture? What

are the people doing?
Winter season is shown in the picture. People
are keeping themselves warm near the camp fire.
Which season is shown in this picture? How do

you know?
It is summer. Sun is shining brightly.
SECTION - I
Summary :
H Once upon a time, in a little village, a tiny bird searched for a
place to lay her eggs.
H There was no tree or bush.
H It found a shallow depression in the ground.
H It broadened it using its claws, laid eggs.
H Eggs hatched .
H After somedays bird and babies flew away.
H The pit was noticed by a wild boar.
H It wanted to settle its rump in it. But it was uncomfortable.
H So, he scraped and dug the pit and made it bigger.
H Now it was comfortable. The wild board had a good sleep.
H When it was hungry it left the place.
gFâ - I
ghl¢RU¡f« :
H K‹bdhU fhy¤âš, xU á¿a »uhk¤âš xU á¿a gwit
K£ilÆLtj‰fhf ïl« njoaJ.
H xU á¿a kunkh, òjnuh Tl ïšiy.
H mJ xU á¿a gŸs¤ij¥ gh®¤jJ.
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H mij j‹ fhš Éušfshš bgÇjh¡» K£ilÆ£lJ.
H K£il bghÇ¤jJ.
H á¿J fhy¤â‰F¥ ãwF gwití«, mj‹ FŠRfS« gwªjd.
H xU fh£L¥g‹¿ mªj¥ gŸs¤ij¥ gh®¤jJ.
H mJ j‹ ã‹gFâia mªj¥ gŸs¤âš it¡f Ka‰á¤jJ.
Mdhš KoaÉšiy.
H mjdhš nkY« mij¥ bgÇjh¡» mâš mk®ªJ cw§»aJ.
H mJ j‹ gáia cz®ªjnghJ mªj ïl¤ij É£L¢ br‹wJ.
GLOSSARY :
outskirts - the outer areas of a city or a town
parched - very dry
desperation - losing hope
untenanted - not occupied
rump - back part of a mammal's body or the part of
the body you use to sit
scrabbled - moved hands and feet around
cosy - comfortable
rumble - a low sound like thunder
SYNONYMS :
1. pit - hole
2. mighty - strong
3. depart - leave
4. hospitable - accomodating
5. glance - look
6. tiny - small
7. discover - find
8. tale - story
ANTONYMS :
1. temporary x Permanent
2. interesting x boring
3. contentment x dissatisfaction
4. shallow x deep
5. finally x initially
5. depart x arrive
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Put a ( ü ) for the correct and a ( x ) for the incorrect statements:

1. A tiny bird looked for a place to lay her eggs. (ü )
2. The land was wet and green. (x)
3. The little bird found a shallow hollow in the ground. (ü )
4. The eggs hatched and the babies flew away. (ü )
5. The pit was comfortable for the wild bear to sleep in. (x)
6. The wild boar got up from its day bed because it was disturbed
by another boar. (x)
Additional questions and answers :

1. What did the tiny bird search for?
The tiny bird searched for a place to lay eggs.
2. How was the land?
The land was parched and dry and there was no bush or tree.
3. What did the little bird discover?
The little bird discovered a shallow depression in the ground.
4. What did the bird used to loosen up the packed earth?
The bird used her claws to loosen up the packed earth.
5. Where did the bird lay eggs?
The bird laid eggs in the hole.
6. Next to the bird who found the pit?
The wild boar found the pit.
7. Was the boar comfortable with the pit ?
No, it was not.
8. What did the boar do to make the pit comfortable?
The boar scarped and dug, carving a pit of more hospitable
proportions.
PARAGRAPH :
1. Where did the bird lay eggs and how did the pit becomes
bigger?
H Once upon a time, on the outskirts, of a dusty little village, a tiny
bird searched for a place to lay her eggs.
H She found no tree or bush
H At last she found a depression in the ground.
H She broadened the hole using her claws.
H She laid eggs and it hatched.
H When they grew big enough they all flew away.
H Then a wild boar found the hole.
H He tried to sleep in it.
H He was not comfortable.
H He dug and made the hole bigger.
H He slept comfortably.
H On waking up he left the place in search of food.
www.nammakalvi.in

SECTION II
Summary :
H A pack of wild dogs smelled the boar and came to the hole.
H But there was no boar.
H So, they got angry and they whined and snarled and dug the
hole bigger and wider.
H Then they left the place. After some days there was heavy
rain.
H The hole was filled with water.
H Green grass grew around the hole.
H Buffaloes found the grassy spot.
H They wallowed in the puddly water and turned the hole into a
muddy pit.
H Many buffaloes visited the place and hole became bigger and
bigger.
ghl¢RU¡f« :
H fh£LehŒfŸ T£l«, g‹¿ia nkh¥g« ão¤J mªj¥
gŸs¤â‰F tªjd.
H Mdhš m§nf g‹¿ ïšiy.
H mjdhš mit cWÄd, CisÆ£ld, Fiy¤jd k‰W«
mªj¥ gŸs¤ij¥ bgÇjh¡»É£L mªj ïl¤ijÉ£L¢ br‹wd.
H á¿Jfhy¤â‰F¥ ãwF kiH bghÊªjJ.
H mªj¥ gŸs« j©Ùuhš Ãiwªjd.
H gŸs¤ij¢ R‰¿¥ òš ts®ªjd.
H vUikkhLfŸ mªj¥ gRik¥ gŸs¤ij¥ gh®¤jd.
H mâš òu©ld mªj¥ gŸs« nkY« bgÇjh»aJ.
H Ãiwa vUikkhLfŸ tªjd, òu©ld, gŸs« bgÇjh»
bgÇjh» xU bgÇa F£ilahf kh¿aJ.
GLOSSARY :
sniffed - to breathe in air in a noisy way
whined - made a high pitched cry
snarled - made a deep angry noise
soaked - completely wet
SYNONYMS :
1. spot - find
2. indeed - surely
3. glee - happy
ANTONYMS :
1. wide x narrow
2. dinner x breakfast
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4. tiny x large
5. fresh x tired
6. gather x scatter
Complete the sentences given below with words/phrases.

1.The wild dogs came to the spot to catch_______.
Ans : the wild boar
2.The rains came and poured_______. Ans : and poured
3.The whole earth smelled _______ and _______.
Ans : wet, fresh
4.The hole in the ground was filled _______. Ans : with water
5.The buffalo _______ in the hole. Ans : wallowed
6.The hole became _______ and _______. Ans : wide, big
Additional questions and answers :

1. Who caught the scent of boar?
A pack of wild dogs caught the scent of boar.
2. What did they do to find the boar?
They dug the ground to find the boar.
3. What did they realise?
They realised there was no dinner.
4. What did they do when they realised there was no dinner?
They departed the place with their noses and tails high in the
air.
5. What happened after some days?
It rained for 3 days and 3 nights.
6. How was the earth?
The earth smelled wet and fresh.
7. What was there in the hole?
There was water in the hole.
8. What did the buffaloes do t here?
They wallowed in the puddly water, turning hole into a muddy
pit.
PARAGRAPH :
1. How was the pit made bigger by wild boar and buffaloes?
H A pack of wild dogs smelled the boar.
H They came to the pit where it was lying.
H They dug the ground to find the boar.
H When they knew it was not there, they left the place.
H After some days it rained heavily.
H The earth was wet and fresh.
H The hole was filled with water.
H Buffaloes came there and wallowed turning the hole into a
muddy pit.
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SECTION III
Summary :
H A poor farmer tilled the land near the once small depression.
H It was summer. The land was soon becoming dry.
H He had to travel a long distance to get water for his crops.
H One day he saw a patch of green.
H He went closer and found that there was a pond full of water
near his land.
H He was very happy and thanked the ground.
H He informed his wife.
H She called a priest to bless their fortune.
H The new spread fast like fire.
H All villagers gathered around the pond.
H Just then, the richest greedy farmer came there and said that
the pond belonged to him.
H As the pond lies in his land and the poor farmer's land ends just
near the pond.
H The author ends with the question, 'Who Owns the Water?' not
a moral, just a thought a germ of an idea to dig and make bigger.
ghl¢RU¡f« :
H xU ViH ÉtrhÆ j‹ Ãy¤ij cGjh‹.
H mJ btÆš fhy«. Ãy« tw©lJ. mt® btFöu« br‹W
j‹gÆ®fS¡F¤ j©Ù® bfh©Ltªjh®.
H xUehŸ mt® m§F ïUªj gRikia¥ gh®¤jh®.
H mj‹ mU»š br‹W gh®¤jh®. m§nf Fs« j©ÙnuhL
ïUªjJ.
H mt® Äfî« rªnjhõ¥g£lh®.
H j‹ kidÉÆl« T¿dh®.
H órhÇia miH¤J j§fŸ mâ®Zl¤ij MÓ®tâ¡f¢
brh‹dh®.
H Ô nghy mªj Éõa« guÉaJ.
H všyh »uhktháfS« Fs¤ij¢ R‰¿ Ã‹wd®.
H xU gz¡fhu ÉtrhÆ m§F tªJ mªj¡ Fs« mtUila
Ãy¤âš cŸsJ v‹W T¿dh®.
H MáÇa® j‹ nfŸÉíl‹ e« áªjidia¤ ö©oíŸsh®.
"j©Ùiu ah® bg‰wJ?''
GLOSSARY :
wallowed - to lie and roll in mud
multitude - a large number of people
trampling - crushing
tilled - prepared the land for crops
meagre - small quantity
gratitude - thankful
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verdant - green with grass

suspiciously - doubtfully
summoned - called
fortune - luck
contentment - satisfaction
stuttered - spoke with difficulty
four-square - solidly
SYNONYMS :
1. investigate - examine
2. pitiful - sorrowful
3. gratitude - to thank
4. placid - calm
5. chant - recite
ANTONYMS :
1. cruel x kind
2. forget x remember
3. tired x brisk
4. suspect x believe
5. bless x curse
6. smoothly x roughly
7. far x near
Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

1. Why did the farmer have to travel far?
The farmer had to travel to far to get water for the thirsty crops.
2. What sight made the farmer feel thankful?
The sight of the verdant bowl made the farmer feel thankful.
3. Name the tools the farmer brought out. What did he do
with them?
The farmer brought pickaxe and spade and dug the hole
making it into a decent little pond.
4. Why did the crowd gather by the side of the pond?
The crowd gathered by the side of the pond to see the priest
furrow his brow and chant seriously.
5. When did the richest farmer get upset? why?
The richest farmer got upset when he was not invited for
something.
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Additional questions and answers.

Paragraph questions :
1. What did the poor farmer find and why did he become
upset?
H A poor farmer tilled the land near the once small depression.
H There was no rain and his life became hard.
H He had to travel a long distance to get water for his crops.
H One day he found a verdant bowl.
H When he went near, her found a pool of water.
H He was happy and told his wife.
H He summoned the priest to bless their fortune.
H All people of the village gathered there to see the priest
chanting.
H The richest former came there.
H He saw the pond and told that the land belongs to him.
H This made the poor framer upset.
READ AND UNDERSTAND :

A. Choose the correct answer and write it in the blank.
1. The little bird broadened the hole with her ...............
a. beak b. claws Ans : b. claws
2. The wild boar settled down scraping the hole into a ...........
to have a good sleep.
a. pit b. hollow Ans : a. pit
3. The poor farmer's crop was ..................
a. meagre b. surplus Ans : a. meagre
B. Tick the correct answer :

1. The boar slept until the fading sun sun told him it was time to
get up. What does the phrase until the fading sun mean?
a. until evening ü b. until sun fades in colour
Ans : a. until evening
2. The farmer was thankful at the sight of the verdant bowl
because _______
a. it was a pond of water ü b. he wanted green grass
Ans : a. it was a pond of water
3. They all stood around the little jewel of blue means______
a. They stood around the pond ü
b. They stood around the jewel which was blue
Ans : a. They stood around the pond.
4. The dry earth soaked up the moisture as a hungry puppy laps
up milk. It means _______
a. The puppy was very hungry.
b. The dry earth absorbed the water very quickly. ü
Ans : b. The dry earth absorbed the water very quickly
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C. Answer the following questions :

1. Pick out the line which tells you about seasons (in Sec II).
Which seasons are mentioned?
Ans : Not after long, the rains came. Rainy season is
mentioned here.
2. What happened to the hole in the ground after the rain?
Ans : The hole was filled with water and grass grew around it.
3. Identify a sentence and a phrase which tells us that the story
took place in summer.
Ans : H In summer months he had to travel far to get water
H The rains were often cruel - sentence
H Becoming brown again - phrase
VOCABULARY :
D. Fill in the blanks with words given in the box to make
compound words.
rain coconut coat sail fire
1. We use a rain on a rainy day. Ans : coat
2. The toy boat danced on the pond. Ans : sail
3. We must drink tender water in summer. Ans : coconut
4. We can see a bow after summer showers.Ans : rain
5. Clean the ashes out of the place. Ans : fire
E. Complete the following using their group names.

1. A ______ of wolves went hunting in the forest. Ans : pack
2. She bought a new ______ of shoes for her birthday. Ans :pair
3. A ______ of fish swam past our boat. Ans : shoal
4. A ______ of bees had settled on a mango tree. Ans : swarm
5.I ate a ______ of grapes. Ans : bunch
LANGUAGE CHECK POINT :

Incorrect Correct Note
There is a table There is a table beside means next to /at
besides the bed. beside the bed. the side of besides means
in addition to.
Everyone played Everyone played accept means to receive
games accept games except except means to leave out.
Kathir. Kathir.
I see T.V news I watch T.V. news watch is to look at
regularly. regularly. something with a purpose
see is to just look at
something in front of us
6 j.Û. _‹ 5 in 1 - 7
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* LISTENING :
F. Listen to the weather report. Read the questions given
below, then listen to the weather report again and fill in t he
blanks.
1. Which season does the weather report show?............
Ans : spring
2. What kind of a day is it?............. Ans : better day
3. What is the temperature stated in the report?..........
Ans : 15 degrees
4. Tomorrow it may probably............. Ans : rain
5. The weather report suggests to use. ............ Ans : umbrella
SPEAKING :
G. Imagine that you and your friend have decided to spend a
day together in your house. You have planned your schedule
from morning till night. Discuss in pairs and speak about it in
the class. You can start like this:
I like to go for a walk but my friend wants to work out in the gym.
So, we decided to go for a walk in the morning in the park. Then
we planned to go to gym and work out there for an hour. Then we
would have breakfast at home.
After breakfast we would go to library and spend an hour there.
After lunch we would go to the ground and play cricket till 6.00 pm.
After that we would go to a hotel with parents and have dinner.
PICTO GRAMMAR :
but but
He ran fast but he missed It rained heavily but the match

the train. continued.
and so
Rani went to the marked and He is sick so he is in hospital.

bought vegetables.
A conjunction is a word that joins two words or sentences.

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USE GRAMMAR :
H. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words or
conjunctios :
1. Our team played well ______ won the game.
(but, because, and) Ans : and
2. She slipped badly ___ she did not hurt herself. (but, and, or)
Ans : but
3. The box was heavy ______ he could not lift it.
(so, because, and) Ans : so
4. Rani was late to school ______ she misssed the bus.
(because, so, and) Ans : because
5. You can use a pen ______ a pencil for writing. (but, and, or)
Ans : or
I. Join the sentence of Column A with B using the words given

in the box.
A B
The clouds moved away he helped Velu in time. and
Velu thanked his friend the sun came out. but
It rained heavily you will get choked. or
Eat slowly the match continued. because
Ans :
* The clouds moved away and the sun came out.
* Velu thanked his friends because, he helped velu in time.
* It rained heavily but the match continued.
* Eat slowly or you will get chocked.
WRITING :
J. Write a short paragraph on 'summer' using the hints given.
You can begin like this
I live in Chennai. The weather is.... very hot
there during day time but we get cool breeze in
the evening.
H We wear cotton clothes during summer.
H We like to drink cool drink and eat lot of ice
creams.
H We go to beach in the evening and enjoy
the cool breeze.
H We go to malls and spend our time there.
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CREATIVE WRITING :
K. Trees can help you recognise seasons. How do the trees
look different in each season? Write a short paragraph with
the clues given below.
v Summer - Trees stretch their leafy branches towards the
sun. v Spring - Branches are full of new green leaves.
v Rain - Trees absorb water and look green.
v Autumn - Trees shed their leaves.
Ans :
Trees helps us recognise seasons. When the trees stretch their
leafy branches towards the sun it is summer. During spring the
branches will be full of new green leaves and they will be in full
bloom.During rainy season trees absorb water and look green. If
the trees shed their leaves then it is autumn.
POEM : Indian Seasons
MIND MAP
Summer Monsoon Spring Autumn

muddy roads, short and English-red,
blazing sun yellow and brown
mangoes, sweet green
and India - leaves
frogs everywhere
dusty feet fall down
and toads
WARM UP
Discuss in pairs, pick out the words related to seasons
from the grid and write them in the blanks.
SNOW SKY CLOUD
DRY LEAVES WET
RAIN HOT
WIND SUNNY
THUNDER DRY
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What day is it?
1. We feel thirsty on a _________.

Ans : hot day
2. We use an umbrella on a _________.
Ans : rainy day
3. We sail paper boats on a _________.
Ans : rainy day
4. We fly kites on a _________.
Ans : windy day
Summer comes
in a blaze of heat
with sunny smiles
and dusty feet
Then seasons change

to muddy roads
monsoons and mangoes
leapfrogs and toads
Spring is pretty
but short and sweet
Autumn is English
Autumn is Indian
whenever leaves fall down
- Nisha Dyrene
nfhil tªjJ
Ä‹D« bt¥g¤njhL«
NÇa ò‹difnahL«
òSâ fhšfnshL«
ãwF gUt« kh¿aJ

rhiyfŸ nrwhf
gUt kiH, kh«gH« jhî« jtisfŸ k‰W«
njiufSl‹ tªjJ
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trªjfhy« mHfhdJ
Mdhš FW»aJ, ïÅikahdJ
òšÈ‹ thr¤ij Ú EfuKoí«
c‹ njh£l¤âš ïUªnj
M§»y¤âš ïiyíâ®fhy«
át¥ò, kŠrŸ k‰W« gG¥ò Ãw¤âY«
ïªâahÉš ïiyíâ® fhy¤âš
ïiyfŸ câU«
- Ãõh ilÇ‹
GLOSSARY :
blaze - bright flame or fire
leap - to jump high
dusty - covered with tiny bits of sand
toad - a small brown animal similar to a frog
A. Read the poem aloud in pairs .
B. Which season am I ? Read the poem, understand and

solve the riddle.
1. I make the feet dusty. _______ Ans : Summer
2. Frogs and toads will visit when I am there. ______
Ans : Monsoon
3. I am pretty short and sweet. _______ Ans : Spring
4. I make your garden smell sweet. _______ Ans : Spring
5. Leaves will wither because of me. ______ Ans : Autumn
READ AND UNDERSTAND :

C. Read the lines and answer the questions given below.
1 . Summer comes
in a blaze of heat with
sunny smiles
and dusty feet
a. Does the poet welcome the summer? How do you know?
Ans : Yes, the poet welcomes the summer. He welcomes it with
'sunny smiles'
b. Which line tells you that there is no rain in summer?
Ans : 'In a blaze of heat' tells us that there is no rain in summer.
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2. Spring is pretty
but short and sweet
a. How does the poet describe the spring season?
Ans : The spring season is pretty.
b. Which line tells you that the garden is fresh?
Ans : 'When you can smell the grass' tells us that the garden is
fresh.
c. Who does 'you' refer to?
Ans : 'you' refers to the readers.
3. Autumn is English
A utumn is Indian
Whenever leaves fell down
a. How is autumn in India?
Ans : During autumn in India leaves wither.
b. Compare the English autumn with the Indian autumn.
Ans : English autumn is colourful whereas Indian autumn is dry
and leaves fall down.
D. Pick out the rhyming words from the poem and write them
in the table.
Stanza - 1 Stanza - 2 Stanza - 3
heat, feet roads, toads sweet, seat
E. Find examples of alliteration and write them in the blanks.

1. in a blaze of heat 2. to muddy roads 3. Spring is pretty
with sunny smiles monsoons and but short and sweet
mangoes
Ans : sunny smiles monsoons mangoes short sweet
F. Work in pairs, find answers for the questions and share in

the class.
1. Name the seasons mentioned in the poem ?
Four seasons are mentioned in the poem. They are
* Summer
* Monsoon
* Spring
* Autumn
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2. What does the summer bring?

Summer brings smile and heat.
3. Which word refers to 'rain'?

The word 'monsoon' refers to 'rain’
4. Why does the poet say the spring 'spring is pretty' ?

The poet says the 'spring is pretty' because garden will look
fresh and green.
5. When is it autumn in India? Why does the poet say this? Is

there an autumn season in India?
Autumn season comes next to spring. During spring season
the trees will be in full bloom. During autumn all leaves will dry
and fall down. Yes, there is autumn season in India.
G. How does the poet describe the Indian seasons? Write in

your own words in about 50 words.
In the poem the ''Indian seasons'', the poet Nisha Dyrene
describes the four seasons of India. First comes the summer
which is very hot. The next is monsoon during which the roads
become muddy. Frogs and toads leap happily in water. P e o p l e
enjoy sweet mangoes. Next comes pretty short and sweet
spring when all gardens look fresh. Spring is followed by dry
autumn when the leaves dry and fall down.
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Supplementary
A Childhood in Malabar : A Memoir
MIND MAP
Kamala Das Malathikutty There was

went to came with her heavy rain and
Ambazhathel to Nalapat flood - all scared
Ammamma
morning - rain consoled her- Malathikutty
stopped Balan Ammayi arrived cried-wanted to go
arrived form Malathikutty was to Ambazhathel
vedekkara happy
She felt
Kamala Das ashamed when
asked for Ammamman’s mother
murukkus and said - it was not a
dates right time to ask
Summary :
H Kamala Das went to Ambazhathel to attend a birthday
function.
H She met Malathikutty and Meenakshi Edathi.
H After the feast Malathikutty went along with Kamala Das to
Nalapat.
H An hour later they got home, they heard the sound of the gale.
H There was heavy rain with wind.
H All places were flooded.
H All were scared and Malathikutty wanted to go home.
H While Ammamma was consoling her Ammayi and thumbi, the
dog arrived there drenched.
H Malathikutty was happy.
H By the morning, the rain had stopped.
H Balan came from vadekkara and Kamala Das asked if he had
brought murukku or dates.
H Kamala Das felt ashamed when Ammamma's mother asked
was that the time to ask for it.
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fij¢ RU¡f« :
H fkyhjh°, m«gH¤jY¡F xU ãwªjehŸ ÉHhÉ‰F¢ br‹wh®
H m§nf mt® khyâ F£oiaí«, Ûdh£á vl¤âiaí« rªâ¤jh®.
H ÉHhÉ‰F¥ ãwF khyâF£o fkyhjh° cl‹ eyg£¡F
br‹wh®.
H åL br‹W xU kÂneu¤â‰F ãwF òaš fh‰¿‹ r¤j«
kiHnahL nf£lJ.
H všnyhU« gaªjd®.
H všyh gFâí« btŸs¤jhš NœªjJ.
H khyâF£o j§fŸ CU¡F¢ bršynt©L« v‹W mGjhŸ.
H m«k«kh mtis MWjšgL¤J«nghJ mtSila m«khÆ
k‰W« mt®fË‹ ts®¥ò ehŒ J«ãí« eidªjthW tªJ
nr®ªjd®.
H khyâF£o rªnjhõ¥g£lhŸ.
H kWehŸ kiH Ã‹¿UªjJ.
H ghy‹ tl¡fiuÆÈUªJ tªâUªjh®.
H mtÇl« fkyh KW¡F«, ngÇ¢r« gHK« nf£lhŸ.
H mtŸ gh£oÆ‹ m«kh, ïJjh‹ nf£F« neukh v‹W nf£f,
fkyh j®kr§fl¥g£lhŸ.
GLOSSARY :
In Malayalam In English
Edathi - brothers wife
Ettan - elder brother
Ammamma - mother's mother
Muthassi - father's mother
thekkini - backyard
Ammayi - mother-in-law
Cheriamma - chitti (in Tamil)
A. Identify the character / speaker.

1. " Why isn't the snake coming?".
Ans : The narrator / Kamala Das
2. " I wonder whether it's a cyclone."
Ans : Ammamma
3. " I want to see kutti oppu." Ans : Malathi kutty
4. " Will the house collapse?" Ans : Muthassi
5. " Is she crazy?" Ans : Muthassi
B. Write True or False.

1. Droplets of rain glimmered on Ammamma's face. _____
Ans : True
2. Malathi kutty wanted to see kutti oppu. _____ Ans : True
3. Ammayi comforted Malathi kutty when she sobbed. _____
Ans : False
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4. The coconut palm crashed down due to heavy rain. _____

Ans : True
C. Choose the correct answer and write it in the blank.

1. Meenakshi Edathi was a _____ relative of the
Ambazhathel family.
a. close b. distant c. real Ans :b. distant
2. We suddenly heard the sound of the rain from the
______like a roar.
a. southeast b. southwest c. northeast
Ans : b. southwest
3. The _____ with four pillars began to over flow.
a. central hall b. southern room c. courtyard
Ans :a. central hall
4. ______ arrived drenched to the skin.
a. Ammaman b. Cheriamma c. Ammayi Ans : c. Ammayi
5. There was knee-deep water in the _____
a. courtyard b. cowshed c. kitchen Ans : a. courtyard
D. Rearrange the following jumbled sentences in the correct

order.
H The dry leaves that had collected around the pond swirled
upwards.
H Branches shook and the seat of the swing fell down from the
ilanji tree.
H The wind tore through the coconut palms in the southern
compound.
H Meenakshi Edathi was a dark-skinned and middle aged
woman.
H Without Meenakshi Edathi Ambazhathel family could not
have existed happily for a single day.
Ans :
1. Meenakshi Edathi was a dark-skinned and middle aged
woman.
2. Without Meenakshi Edathi Ambazhathel family could not
have existed happily for a single day.
3. The wind tore through the coconut palms in the southern
compound.
4. The dry leaves that had collected around the pond swirled
upwards.
5. Branches shook and the seat of the swing fell down from
the ilanji tree.
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E. Find answers for the questions given below, identify the

person and write a character sketch about her.
1. Who was the important person in the Ambazhathel
family?
Meenakshi Edathi was the important person in the
Amabazhathel family.
2. Why was she considered an important person?
She was considered as an important person because without
her the family could not have existed happily even for a single
day. She was the only one who knew what was needed for the
family.
3. How did she spend her time?
She spent her time by welcoming the oracle and offering
paddy, lighting all the lamps at dusk, churning the curd and
taking out the butter for the children and drawing designs with
rice batter on the door during Nira festival.
4. Describe her appearance and qualities.
She was dark -skinned and middle aged. She worked
sincerely, never stopping to rest.
5. How would the days be without her?
The days may be sad and difficult for the family without her.
F. Think and answer :

1. Imagine that you are caught on a stormy day. How will you
manage the situation?
Once my friend and myself went out. While returning home,
there was a heavy rain.
We did not what to do. We had some money. My friend’s house
was nearly.
Some how we managed to get an auto.
The area was flooded with water. The auto driver was very
kind.
After great difficulty we reached my friend’s house.
Then I made a call to my mother.
It rained heavily all night. So, I stayed in my friend's house
itself.
In the morning the rain stopped. My father came there and
picked me up.
G. Make a fact file on how do we use these resources in our

day-to-day life.
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
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Ans :
(a) Solar energy : Solar energy provides power without
producing green house gases for our home or business. It is
completely renewable source of energy. Electricity from solar
plants supplies commercial - grade power, reducing dependence
on coal and natural gas. It reduces expenses due to electricity.
(b) Wind energy : Wind energy is also used to generate
electricity. The principle of wind turbine is to tap wind flowing
energy to rotate the propellers which rotates the turbines to
produce electricity. The electricity is used to run electric devices
and or stored in the batteries.
(c) Hydro energy : A primary use of hydro power energy is to
produce electricity. It is energy collected from flowing water
that's converted into electricity or used to power machinery.
Centuries ago it was used to turn mill wheels or drive early
industrial machinery, best in modern use it typically refers to
electrical generation.
CONNECTION TO SELF :
H. Fill in the table given below :
Seasons Months Clothes Food Activities Festivals
I wear I eat / I do I
drink celebrate
Summer March to Cotton Curd, Play with Chithirai

May water- friends festival
melon
Monsoon June to Rain coat Idli, play with Adi
September sambar paper perukku
boats
Winter December Woolen Hot play indoor Christmas,
to February soups games pongal
Autumn September Woolen whole
to grains,
November root veg- play indoor Diwali
etables games
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I. During winter season may of us fall sick and suffer from

cold, cough and fever. Put a ( ü ) for the things you will do to
keep fit.
1. Drink cold water.
2. Eat home-cooked food. ü
3. I will visit the doctor. ü
4. Never wash my hands.
5. I will take medicine and rest. ü
J. Tick the correct word for the given icon.

rainy ü cloudy
windy sunny ü
windy ü rainy
thunder lightning ü
rainbow ü downpour
STEPS TO SUCCESS :
K. Relate the sentences with weather / climate / season and
write the suitable word in the blanks.
1._____forecast is useful for farmers, fishermen, and
navigators.
Ans : weather
2. The _____of a place is permanent in nature.
Ans : climate
3. India has a tropical monsoon _____. Ans : climate
4. Spring, Summer, autumn and winter are the four _____.
Ans : season
5. Global warming is a change in the world's _____.
Ans : climate
6. Satellite photographs help us predict tomorrow's _____ .
Ans : weather
7. Spring is my favourite _____. Ans : season
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7 + 6
4
1
2
= 7+6+
3
4
+
1
2 ( )
= 13 + ( 43 +
2
4
) = 13+
5
4
= 13+1+
1
4
= 14+
1
4
1 1
= 14 Éil : 14
4 4
ii) KG v© k‰W« jF ã‹d¤â‹ TLjš vd¥gL«.

Éil : fy¥ò ã‹d«
iii) 1 1
5 - 3 = 1 <î
3 2 6 11
Ô®î :
1 1 6
5 > 3 k‰W« < v‹gjhš 5 Ûâ
3 2
1 (5x3)+1 16 1 (3x2)+1 7
5 = = k‰W« 3 = =
3 3 3 2 2 2
16 7
k‰W« š 3, 2 ‹ Û.á.k = 6
3 2
16 7 32 21 11 5 5
- = - = =1 Éil : 1
3 2 6 6 6 6 ¨6
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iv)
1
8÷ =
2
Ô®î : 8 ÷
1
2
= 8x
2
1
= 16 ( 12 ‹ bgU¡fš jiyÑÊ 21 )
Éil :16
v) v‹w v©Â‰F mªj v©nz jiyÑHhf mikí«.

Éil : 1
2.rÇah, jtwh vd¡ TWf.

i) 1 1
3 v‹gij 3 + vdî« vGjyh«
2 2
Éil : rÇ
ii) ïu©L jF ã‹d§fË‹ TLjš v¥nghJ« jfh ã‹dkhf

ïU¡F«.
Ô®î: 1 1
ïU jFã‹d§fŸ k‰W« v‹f
2 3
1 1 3 +2 5
+ = = (jFã‹d«) (1)
2 3 6 6
4 6
ïU jFã‹d§fŸ k‰W« v‹f
5 10
4 6 8 +6 14
+ =(jfh ã‹d«) (2) =
5 10 10 10
rk‹ghLfŸ (1), (2) ÈUªJ ïu©L jF ã‹d§fË‹ TLjš
v¥nghJ« jF ã‹dkhfnth mšyJ jfh ã‹dkhfnth ïU¡F«.
Éil : jtW
iii) 13 1 3 <î
ï‹ fy¥ò ã‹d« 3 MF«. 4 13
4 4
12
Ô®î: 13 1 1 1 Ûâ
= 3+ ™= 3 MF«.
4 4 4
Éil : rÇ
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iv) jfh ã‹d¤â‹ jiyÑœ v¥nghJ« xU jF ã‹dkhf
ïU¡F«.
Ô®î : 7
xU jfh ã‹d« v‹f.
4
7 4
‹ jiyÑÊ ™= (xU jFã‹d«)
4 7
vdnt, jfh ã‹d¤â‹ jiyÑœ v¥nghJ« xU jF ã‹dkhf
ïU¡F«. Éil : rÇ
v) 1 1 1 10 <î
3 x3 = 9 16 169
4 4 16
16
Ô®î : 1 1 13 13 169 9 09 Ûâ
3 x 3 = x = = 10
4 4 4 4 16 16
Éil : jtW
3. ã‹tUtdt‰¿‰F ÉilaË¡f.
(i) 1 3
k‰W« ï‹ TLjš fh©f.
7 9
Ô®î : 1 3 (1 x 9) + ( 3x7 )
+ =
7 9 7x9
9 + 21 30 10 x 3 10 10
= = = = Éil :
63 63 21 x 3 21 21
(ii) 1 1 7 <î
3 k‰W« 4 ï‹ TLjš v‹d?
3 6 2 15
Ô®î : 1 1 (3x3)+ 1 (4x6)+ 1 10 25 14
3 +4 = + = + 1 Ûâ
3 6 3 6 3 6
20 25 20+25 45 15 1 1 1
= + = = = = 7+ = 7 Éil : 7
6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2
(mšyJ)
1 1
3 + 4 = 3+4+
3 6
1
+
3 6
1
( ) = 7+ ( 62 + 16 )
3 1 1
= 7™+ = 7 + ™ = 7
6 2 2 1
Éil : 7
2
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(iii) RU¡Ff:
3 4
1 + 5 1 <î
5 7 35 41
( )
Ô®î : 3 4 3 4
1 + 5 = 1 + 5+ + 35
5 7 5 7 6 Ûâ
= 6+ (
(3x7 ) + ( 5x4 )
5x7
= 6+
21+ 20
35
) ( )
41 6 6 6
= 6+ = 6 + 1 ™+ = 7+ =7
35 35 35 35 6
= Éil : 7
35
8 2
(iv) k‰W« ï¡F ïilna cŸs ntWgh£il¡ fh©f.
9 7
Ô®î : 8 2 ( 7 x 8 )- ( 9 x 2 )
- =
9 7 (9 x7)
56 - 18 38
= =
63 63 38
Éil :
63
1 3
(v) 2 ïÈUªJ 1 I¡ fÊ¡f.
3 5
1 3
Ô®î : 2 > 1 k‰W« <
3 5
1 ( 2 x 3 )+ 1 7
Mfnt, 2 = = k‰W«
3 3 3
3 (1 x 5) + 3 8
1 = =
5 5 5
ï§F 3, 5 ï‹ Û.á.k = 15
7 8 7x5 8x3
- = -
3 5 15 15
35 24 11
™= - =
15 15 15
11
Éil :
15
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2 4
(vi) RU¡Ff: 7 - 3
7 21
2 4
Ô®î : 7 > 3 k‰W« >
7 21
Mfnt, 7
2
7
-3
21
4
( 2
= 7-3 +
7
-
21 )
4
=4 +( )
6 4 2 2
- ™ ™= 4 + =4
21 21 21 21
2
Éil :4
21
4. fy¥ò ã‹d¤ij¤ jfh ã‹dkhf kh‰Wf k‰W« mt‰¿‹
ne®khW fh©f.
7
(i) 3
18
(KGv© x gFâ) + bjhFâ
Ô®î : jfh ã‹d« =
gFâ
7 ( 3 x 18) + 7 54 + 7 61
3 ‹ jfh ã‹d« = = =
18 18 18 18
61
Éil :
18
99 14 <î
(ii) 7 99
7
Ûâ 7
Ô®î : fy¥ò ã‹d« = <î + 29
tF¡F« v©
28
99 1 1 1 Ûâ
‹ fy¥ò ã‹d« = 14 + = 14
7 7 7
1
Éil : 14
7
47 7 <î
(iii) 6 47
6
Ûâ 42
Ô®î : fy¥ò ã‹d« = <î + 5 Ûâ
tF¡F« v©
47 5 5
‹ fy¥ò ã‹d« = 7+ = 7 5
6 6 6 Éil : 7
6
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1
(iv) 12
9
(KGv© x gFâ) + bjhFâ
gFâ
1 ( 12 x 9) + 1 108 + 1 109
12 ‹ jfh ã‹d« = = =
9 9 9 21
109
Éil :
9
5. ã‹tUtdt‰iw¥ bgU¡Ff. 4 <î
2 3 12
(i) x6 12
3
0 Ûâ
Ô®î : 2 12
x6 = = 4 Éil : 4
3 3
1 41 <î
(ii) 8 x 5 3 125
3
1 (8 x 3) + 1 25 12
Ô®î : 8 x 5= x5 = x5
3 3 3 05
125 2 3
= = 41 2 Ûâ
3 3 2
Éil : 41
3
3 4
(iii) x
8 5
Ô®î : 3 4 12 3 3
x = = Éil :
8 5 40 10 10
5 1
(iv) 3 x1
7 13
5 1 (3 x 7) + 5 (1 x 13) + 1
Ô®î : 3 x1 = x
7 13 7 13
26 2 14 2 2 2 4
= x = x = = 4
71 13 1 1 1
1
Éil :4
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6. ã‹tUtdt‰iw tF¡f.
3
(i) ÷4
7
Ô®î : 3 3 1 1
÷4 = x (4 ‹ jiyÑÊ )
7 7 4 4
3 3
= Éil :
28 28
4 5 2 <î
(ii) ÷ 5 12
3 9
( 59 ‹ jiyÑÊ 59 )
Ô®î : 4 5 4 9 10
÷ = x 2 Ûâ
3 9 3 5
36 12 x 3 12 2
= = = = 2
15 5 x3 5 5
2
Éil : 2
5
1 3
(iii) 4 ÷3 1 <î
5 4
25 28
1 3 (4 x 5) + 1 ( 3x 4 ) + 3
Ô®î : 4 ÷ 3 = ÷ 25
5 4 5 4 3 Ûâ
21 15 21 7 4
= ÷ = x
5 4 5 15 5
15
4
(‹ jiyÑÊ
4
15
)
7 4 28 3 3
= x = = 1 Éil : 1
5 5 25 25 25
2 2 5 <î
(iv) 9 ÷ 1 5 29
3 3
2 2 (3 x 9) + 2 ( 1x 3) + 2 25
Ô®î : 9 ÷ 1 = ÷ 4 Ûâ
3 3 3 3
=
29
3
÷
5
3
=
3 1
29
x
31
5
( 3 ‹ jiyÑÊ 53 )
5
29 1 29 4 4
= x = = 5 Éil : 5
1 5 5 5 5
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1 3 1
7. bfsÇ 3 ».». j¡fhËiaí« ».». f¤jÇ¡fhiaí«1 ».».
2 4 4
bt§fha¤ijí« th§»dh®. mt® th§»a fhŒf¿fË‹ bkh¤j
vil v›tsî?
1
Ô®î : j¡fhËÆ‹ vil = 3 ».»
2
3
f¤jÇ¡fhÆ‹ vil = ».»
4
1
bt§fha¤â‹ vil = 1 ».»
4
fhŒf¿fË‹ bkh¤j vil = 3 [ 1
2
+
3
4
+ 1
1
4] ».».
KjÈš KG v©fË‹ TLjš =3+ 1 = 4 ».»
1 3 1
ãwF, ã‹d§fË‹ TLjš = + +
2 4 4
2 3 1 2+ 3 + 1 6 3 1
= + + = = = = 1 ».»
4 4 4 4 4 2 2
vdnt mt® th§»a fhŒf¿fË‹ bkh¤j vil
1 1
=4+1+ = 5 ».»
2 2
3
8. xU jfu v©bzŒ bg£oÆš 3 È£l® v©bzŒ ïUªjJ.
4
1
mâÈUªJ 2 È£l® v©bzŒ ga‹gL¤j¥g£LÉ£lJ vÅš,
2
v›tsî v©bzŒ Ûj« ïU¡F«?
3
Ô®î : bkh¤j v©bzŒ msî = 3 È.
4
1
ga‹gL¤j¥g£l v©bzŒ msî = 2 È.
2
Ûj« cŸs v©bzŒ msî = 3

3
4
- 2[ 1
2
È. ]
KjÈš, KG v©fis¡ fÊ¤jš ™= 3-2= 1 È
3 1 3 2 1
ãwF, ã‹d§fis fÊ¤jš = - = - = È.
4 2 4 4 4
1 1
vdnt, Ûj« cŸs v©bzŒ msî = 1 + = 1 È
4 4
6 j.Û. _‹ 5 in 1 - 11
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1
9. Ãyt‹ xU kÂ neu¤âš 4 ».Û el¡f Koíbk‹whš,
2
1
mt® 3 kÂ neu¤âš v›tsî öu¤ij¡ fl¥gh®?
2
1 15 <î
Ô®î : 1 kÂ neu¤âš el¡F« öu« = 4 ».Û 4 63
2
4
( 2 x 3 2 )».Û
1 1 1
3 kÂ neu¤âš el¡F« öu« = 4 23
2 20
(4 x2)+1 (3 x2) +1 9 7 3 Ûâ
= x = x
2 2 2 2
63 3
= = 15 ».Û
4 4
3
vdnt, Ãyt‹ xU kÂneu¤âš fl¡F« öu« = 15 ».Û
4
3
10. 15 Û ÚsKŸs âiu¢Óiyia (Curtain) uÉ th§»dh®.mt®
4
1
mij x›bth‹W« 2 Û ÚsKŸs á¿a âiu¢Óiyfshf
4
bt£odhš mtU¡F v¤jid¢ á¿a âiu¢ÓiyfŸ »il¡F«?
3
Ô®î : âiu¢ÓiyÆ‹ bkh¤j Ús« = 15 Û
4
1
bt£l¥g£l xU âiu¢ÓiyÆ‹ Ús« = 2 Û
4
»il¡F« á¿a âiu¢ÓiyfË‹ v©Â¡if ™= 15
7 63 1
3
4
÷ 2
1
4 [ ]
63 9 4
= ÷ = x = 7
4 4 4 91
1
vdnt, á¿a âiu¢Óiyfshf bt£odhš uÉ¡F¡ »il¡F«
á¿a âiu¢ÓiyfŸ = 7
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bfhŸF¿ tif Édh¡fŸ
11. ã‹tU« T‰¿š vJ jtwhdJ?
1 1 7 6 8 9 10 9
m) > M) > ï) < <) <
2 3 8 7 9 10 11 10
Ô®î :
1 1 3 2
m) > Þ > = rÇahdJ
2 3 6 6
7 6 49 48
M) > Þ > = rÇahdJ
8 7 56 56
8 9 80 81
ï) < Þ < = rÇahdJ
9 10 90 90
10 9 100 99
<) < Þ < = jtwhdJ
11 10 110 110
10 9
Éil : <) <
11 10
3 2
12. k‰W« ï¡F« ïilna cŸs ntWghL.
7 9
13 1 1 9
m) M) ï) <)
63 9 7 16
3 2
Ô®î : - ; ï§F 7, 9 ‹ Û.á.k = 63
7 9
27 14 27 -14 13
= - = =
63 63 63 63
13
Éil : m)
63
53
13. ï‹ jiyÑÊ
17
53 3 17 5
m) M) 5 ï) <) 3
17 17 53 17
53 17 17
Ô®î : ‹ jiyÑÊ = Éil : ï)
17 53 53
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6 A
14. = vÅš A ï‹ kâ¥ò v‹d?
7 49
m) 42 M) 36 ï) 25 <) 48
6 A 6 7 42 A
Ô®î : = = x = =
7 49 7 7 49 49
vdnt, A ‹ kâ¥ò = 42 Éil : m) 42
15. òfœ, jdJ if¢bryÉ‰fhf¤ j‹ jªijÆlÄUªJ bgW«

bjhif¡F eh‹F thŒ¥òfŸmË¡f¥g£ld. mt® mâf¥
gz¤ij¥ bgw, m›thŒ¥òfËš vij¤ nj®ªbjL¡f nt©L«?
2 3 4 1
m) 150 ïš M) 150 ïš ï) 150 ïš <) 150 ïš
3 5 5 5
Ô®î :
2 2 300
m) 150 ïš = 150 x = = 100
3 3 3
3 3 450
M) 150 ïš = 150 x = = 90
5 5 5
4 4 600
ï) 150 ïš = 150 x = = 120
5 5 5
1 1 150
<) 150 ïš = 150 x = = 30
5 5 5
òfœ, mâf¥gz¤ij¥ bgw thŒ¥òfËš nj®ªbjL¡f nt©oa
4
thŒ¥ò = 150 š 4
5 Éil : ï) 150 ïš
5
gÆ‰á 1.2
1 3
1. r§fÇ 2 Û JÂia KG¥ ghthil ij¡fî« k‰W« 1
Û
2 4
JÂia nkš r£il ij¡fî« th§»dh®. xU Û£l® JÂÆ‹
Éiy 120 vÅš mt® th§»a JÂÆ‹ Éiy v‹d?
1
Ô®î : KG ghthil JÂÆ‹ msî = 2 Û
2
3
nkš r£il JÂÆ‹ msî = 1 Û
4
bkh¤j« th§»a JÂÆ‹ msî = 2
1
2
+ 1 [
3
4
Û ]
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KjÈš, KG v©fË‹ TLjš = 2+1 = 3Û
1 3 2 3 5 1
ãwF, ã‹d v©fË‹ TLjš = + = + = = 1 Û.
2 4 4 4 4 4
1 1
bkh¤j« th§»a JÂÆ‹ msî = 3 + 1 + = 4 Û.
4 4
1 Û£l® JÂÆ‹ Éiy = 120
1 1
4 Û£l® JÂÆ‹ Éiy = 120 x 4
4 4
1
= (120 x 4) + ( 120 x ) = 480 + 30 = 510
4
r§fÇ th§»a JÂÆ‹ Éiy = 510
3
2. xUt® j‹ mYtyf¤âÈUªJ 5 ».Û bjhiyÉYŸs j‹
4
1
å£o‰F elªJ bršy ÉU«ãdh®. mt® 2 ».Û. flªj ã‹d®
2
mtuJ å£il mila v›tsî bjhiyî elªJ bršynt©L«?
Ô®î : 3
mYtyf¤â‰F« å£o‰F« ïilna cŸs bjhiyî = 5 ».Û
4
1
elªJ, flªj bjhiyî = 2 ».Û
2
å£il mila ï‹D« el¡f nt©oa bjhiyî
3 <î
[ ]
3 1
= 5 - 2 ».Û 4 13
4 2 12
(5x4) +3 (2 x 2) + 1 23 5 1 Ûâ
= - = -
4 2 4 2
23 10 13 1
= - = = 3 ».Û
4 4 4 4
vdnt mtuJ å£il mila ï‹D« el¡fnt©oa bjhiyî
1
= 3 ».Û.
4
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1 2
3. ït‰¿š vJ á¿aJ: 2 ï¡F« 3 ï¡F« ïilna cŸs
2 3
1 1
ntWghL mšyJ 1 k‰W« 2 ï‹ TLjš.
2 4
1 2
Ô®î : 2 ¡F« 3 ¡F« cŸs ntWghL :
2 3
1 2 2 1
2 < 3 k‰W« < v‹gjhš = 3 - 2
2 3 3 2
(3 x 3) + 2 (2 x 2) + 1 11 5
= - - =
3 2 3 2
( ï§F 3, 2 ‹ Û.á.k = 6)
22 15 7 1
= - = = 1 (1)
6 6 6 6
1 1
1 k‰W« 2 ‹ TLjš :
2 4
1 1 (1 x 2) + 1 (2 x 4) + 1 3 9
= 1 + 2 = + = +
2 4 2 4 2 4
( ï§F 2, 4 ‹ Û.á.k = 4)
6 9 15 3
= + = = 3 (2)
4 4 4 4
rk‹ghLfŸ (1), (2) ÈUªJ (1) < (2)
1 3
=1 < 3
6 4
1 2
vdnt, 2 ¡F« 3 ¡F« ïilna cŸs ntWghL á¿aJ.
2 3
3
4. k§if 6 ».».vilíŸs M¥ãŸfŸ th§»dh®.fiy, k§if
4
1
th§»aJ nghš1 kl§F M¥ãŸfis th§»dh® vÅš, fiy
2
v›tsî »nyh »uh« M¥ãŸfis th§»dh®?
3
Ô®î : k§if th§»a M¥ãŸ vil = 6 ».»
4
1
fiy th§»a M¥ãŸ vil = k§if th§»aJ nghš1 kl§F
2
1 3 3 1
= 1 kl§F = 6 ».» = 6 x 1
2 4 4 2
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(6 x 4) + 3 (1 x 2) + 1 27 3 10 <î
= x = x 8 81
4 2 4 2
81 1 8
= = 10 ».». 01
8 8
1 0
vdnt, fiy th§»a M¥ãË‹ vil = 10 ».». 1 Ûâ
8
1
5. kho¥gofË‹ bkh¤j Ús« 5 Û. mt‰¿š x›bthU goí«
2
1
Û£l® cau¤âš mik¡f¥g£lhš mªj¥ go¡f£oš v¤jid
4
gofŸ ïU¡F«?
1
Ô®î : kho¥gofË‹ bkh¤j Ús« = 5 Û.
2
1
x›bthU goí« mik¡f¥gL« cau« = Û.
4
mªj¥ go¡f£LfËš cŸs gofË‹ v©Â¡if
= 5 ÷ [
1
2
1
4
Û. = ]
(5 x 2 ) + 1
2
÷
4
1
11 1 11 4 2
= ÷ = x = 11 x 2 = 22
2 4 1 2 1
vdnt gofË‹ v©Â¡if = 22
nk‰áªjid¡ fz¡FfŸ
6. ã‹tU« F¿¥òfis¥ ga‹gL¤â eh‹ ah® vd¡ fh©f.

(i)v‹Dila x›bthU bjhFâí« gFâí« XÇy¡f v©zhF«.
(ii)v‹Dila bjhFâ k‰W« gFâÆ‹ TLjš 3 ï‹ kl§fhF«.
(iii) bjhFâ k‰W« gFâfË‹ bgU¡f‰gy‹ 4 ï‹ kl§fhF«.
Ô®î :
(i)v‹Dila x›bthU bjhFâí« gFâí« XÇy¡f v©zhF«.
mj‹go, bjhFâ, 1, 2,3..........7, 8, 9 k‰W« gFâ 1, 2, ...... 7, 8, 9 ïš VnjD«
x‹whf ïU¡f nt©L«.
(ii)v‹Dila bjhFâ k‰W« gFâÆ‹ TLjš 3 ï‹ kl§fhF«.
mj‹go, 3, 6, 9, 12 ..... ïš VnjD« x‹whf ïU¡f nt©L«.
(iii) bjhFâ k‰W« gFâfË‹ bgU¡f‰gy‹ 4 ï‹ kl§fhF«.
mj‹go, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 ...... ïš VnjD« x‹whf ïU¡f nt©L«.
2 4 4 7
Éil : , , , , .............. k‰W« gšntW ÉilfŸ cŸsd.
4 5 8 8
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1 1 1
7. 1 ï¡F« 3 ï¡F« ïilna cŸs ntWgh£ilí«, 4
3 6 6
1
ï¡F« 2 ï¡F« ïilna cŸs ntWgh£ilí« T£Lf.
3
Ô®î : 1 1 1 1
1 < 3 k‰W« > v‹gjhš = 3 - 1
3 6 6 3
(3 x 6) + 1 (1 x 3) + 1 19 4 1 <î
= - = - 6 11
6 3 6 3 06
( ï§F 6, 3 ‹ Û.á.k = 6)
19 8 19-8 11 5 5 Ûâ
= - = = = 1 (1)
6 6 6 6 6
1 1
nkY« 4 > 2 k‰W« < v‹gjhš
6 3
1 1 (4 x 6) + 1 (2 x 3) + 1 25 7
= 4 - 2 = - = -
6 3 6 3 6 3
( ï§F 6, 3 ‹ Û.á.k = 6) 3 <î
25 14 25-14 11 5 3 11
= - = = = 1 (2)
6 6 6 6 6 09
rk‹ghLfŸ (1), (2) ÈUªJ (1) + (2) 2 Ûâ
5 5 11 11 11 + 11 22 11 2
=1 + 1 = + = = = =3
6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3
2
Éil : 3
3
1 3
8. 3 v‹w ã‹dij¥ bgw 9 v‹w ã‹d¤âÈUªJ vªj¥
5 7
ã‹d¤ij¡ fÊ¡fnt©L«? 6 <î
1
Ô®î : bgw nt©oa ã‹d« = 3 35 218
5 210
3 3
9 ÈUªJ fÊ¡f nt©oa ã‹d¤ij¡ fhz, 9 ÈUªJ 8 Ûâ
7 7
bgwnt©oa ã‹d¤ij¡ fÊ¡f¡ »il¡F«. vdnt,
3 1 (9 x 7) + 3 (3 x 5) + 1 66 16 (ï§F 7, 5 ï‹
=9 - 3 = - = -
7 5 7 5 7 15 Û.á.k.=35)
66 x 5 16 x 7 330 112 330-112 218 8
= - = - = = = 6
35 35 35 35 35 35 35
8
vdnt, fÊ¡fnt©oa ã‹d« = 6
35
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3 3
9. ïu©L ã‹d§fË‹ TLjš 5 . mt‰¿š xU ã‹d«2
9 4
vÅš, k‰bwhU ã‹d« fh©f.
3
Ô®î: ïUã‹d§fË‹ TLjš = 5 2 <î
9 12 31
3 24
mt‰¿š xU ã‹d« = 2
4 7 Ûâ
k‰bwhU ã‹d«,
3 3 (5 x 9) + 3 (2 x 4) + 3 48 11
=5 - 2 = - = -
9 4 9 4 9 4
48 x 4 11 x 9 192 99 93 31 7
= - = - = = = 2
9x4 4x9 36 36 36 12 12
7
vdnt k‰bwhU ã‹d« = 2
12
3 1
10. 9 v‹w ã‹d¤ij¥ bgw 3 v‹w ã‹d¤njhL vªj¥
16 16
ã‹d¤ij¥ bgU¡f nt©L«?
3
Ô®î : bgwnt©oa ã‹d« =9
16
1
3 v‹w ã‹d¤njhL bgU¡f nt©oa ã‹d¤ij¡ fhz,
16
3 1
9 I3 Mš tF¡f »il¡F«.
16 16
3 1 (9 x16) + 3 (3 x 16) + 1 147 49
=9 ÷ 3 = ÷ = ÷
16 16 16 16 16 16
( 16 )
3
147 16 1 49 16
= x = 3 ‹ bgU¡fš jiyÑÊ
16 49 49
1 1
1
~ 3 v‹w ã‹d¤njhL bgU¡f nt©oa ã‹d« = 3
16
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11. fÊ¤jiy mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©l Ñœf©l ä¥bd°
(LEIBNITZ) K¡nfhz¤â‹ IªjhtJ tÇiria Ãu¥òf.
1-
1
1- 1-
2 2
1- 1- 1-
3 6 3
1-
-1 -1
12
1-
4 12 4
1- 1-
5 5
Ô®î : fÊ¤jiy mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©l 1-

ä¥bd° K¡nfhz« 1
1- 1-
2 2
1 1 5 4 1 1- 1- 1-
(i) - = - = 3 6 3
4 5 20 20 20 1-
-1 -1
12
1-
4 12 4
1 1 5 3 2 1 1-
(ii) - = - = = 1-
5 -1
20 -1
30 -1
20 5
12 20 60 60 60 30
1 1 5 2 3 1
(iii) - = - = =
12 30 60 60 60 20
3
12. t©z« óRgt® Rt‰¿‹ gFâia t©z« óádh®.
8
mâš _‹¿š xU g§F kŠrŸ Ãw t©z« óádh® vÅš,
bkh¤j¢ Rt‰¿š kŠrŸ Ãw« ór¥g£l gFâÆ‹ ã‹d« v‹d?
Ô®î : Rt‰¿š t©z« óáa gFâ =
3
g§F 3
-
8
} -1
3 }
8
1
mâš kŠrŸ t©z« óáa gFâ = g§F
3
3 1 1
bkh¤j¢ Rt‰¿š kŠrŸ Ãw« óáa gFâ = x = g§F
8 3 8
1
}
kŠrŸ Ãw« ór¥g£l gFâÆ‹ ã‹d« =
}
} -1
8 3
-
3
8
t©z« 1
-
8
kŠrŸ t©z«
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1
13. Kaš jdJ czit vL¡f 26 Û öu¤ij¡ fl¡f nt©L«.
3 4
xU jhtY¡F 1 Û öu¤ij¡ fl¡Fkhdhš jdJ czit
4
vL¡f v¤jid Kiw jht nt©L«?
1
Ô®î : Kaš fl¡f nt©oa öu« = 26 Û.
4
3
xU jhtY¡F fl¡F« öu« = 1 Û.
4
jdJ czit vL¡f jht nt©oa KiwfË‹ v©Â¡if,
1 3 (26 x4 ) + 1 (1 x 4) + 3 105 7
=26 ÷ 1 = ÷ = ÷
4 4 4 4 4 4
105 15 4 1
= x = 15
41 7 1
vdnt Kaš jdJ czit vL¡f jhtnt©oa KiwfË‹
v©Â¡if = 15
14. ã‹tU« gl¤ij¥ gh®¤J¡ nfŸÉfS¡F¥ gâyË¡f.
(i) ngUªJ ÃW¤j« tÊahf, gŸËÆÈUªJ üyf¤â‰F cŸs

bjhiyî v‹d?
(ii) kU¤Jtkid tÊahf, gŸË¡F« üyf¤â‰F« ïilna
cŸs bjhiyî v‹d?
(iii) nfŸÉ v© (I) k‰W« (ii) ïš Äf¡ Fiwªj bjhiyî vJ?
(iv) gŸË k‰W« kU¤Jtkid ït‰¿‰F ïilna cŸs
bjhiyî Kiw gŸË k‰W« ngUªJ ÃW¤j«
ït‰¿‰F ïilna cŸs bjhiyî MF«.
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Ô®î:
(i) ngUªJ ÃW¤j« tÊahf, gŸËÆÈUªJ üyf¤â‰F cŸs
bjhiyî = gŸË Kjš ngUªJ ÃW¤j« tiu cŸs bjhiyî +
ngUªJ ÃW¤j¤âÈUªJ üyf« tiu cŸs bjhiyî MF«.
=
3
4
1
».Û + 3 ».Û =
2
(
3
4
+ )
(3 x2 ) + 1
2
3 7
= + ( ï§F 4, 2 ï‹ Û.á.k = 4)
4 2
3 14 17 1 1
= + = = 4 Éil : 4 ».Û
4 4 4 4 14
ii) kU¤Jtkid tÊahf, gŸË¡F« üyf¤â‰F« cŸs bjhiyî

= gŸË Kjš kU¤Jtkid tiu cŸs bjhiyî +
kU¤JtkidÆÈUªJ üyf« tiu cŸs bjhiyî.
1 1
= 4 ».Û + 1 ».Û = ( 4 +1 ) +
2 4 ( ) 1 1
+
2 4
(
= 5+
2
4
+ ) 1
4
( ï§F 4, 2 ï‹ Û.á.k = 4)
3 3 3
= 5+ = 5 ».Û Éil : 5 ».Û
4 4 4
iii) ngUªJÃiya« tÊahf, gŸËÆÈUªJ üyf¤â‰F cŸs

1
bjhiyî = 4 ».Û. (1)
4
kU¤Jtkid tÊahf gŸËÆÈUªJ üyf¤â‰F cŸs
3
bjhiyî =5 ».Û (2)
4
rk‹ghLfŸ ( 1 ), ( 2 ) ÈUªJ,
1 3 1
= 4 ».Û < 5 ».Û. vdnt, Äf¡ Fiwªj bjhiyî = 4 ».Û.
4 4 (mjhtJ ngUªJ Ãiya« tÊahf) 4
iv) gŸË k‰W« kU¤Jtkid ïilna cŸs bjhiyî

1
= 4 ».Û. (1)
2
3
gŸË k‰W« ngUªJ ÃW¤j« ïilna cŸs bjhiyî = ».Û. (2)
4
1 3
rk‹ghLfŸ ( 1 ) ÷ ( 2 ) = 4 ÷
2 4
(4 x2 ) + 1 3 9 3
= ÷ = ÷
2 4 2 4
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9 3 4 2
= x ( ï§F 2, 4 ï‹ Û.á.k = 4)
2 3 1
1
= 3x2 = 6
vdnt, gŸË k‰W« ngUªJÃW¤j« ïilna cŸs bjhiyî
nghš 6 KiwfŸ gŸË k‰W« kU¤Jtkid ïilna cŸs
bjhiyî MF«.
ït‰iw Kašf-1
1. ã‹tUtdt‰iw c‰Wneh¡Ff. mâš ÃHÈl¥g£l

gFâfis¥ ã‹dkhf¡ F¿¥ãLf.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 5 3 5
Ô®î : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
8 15 9 9
2. ã‹tU« FLitia¥ gh®¤J, mt‰¿š cŸs ÚÇ‹ msÉid¥
ã‹dkhf vGâ mjid VW tÇirÆš mik¡f.
Ô®î : 20 50 70 90
20 Ä.È 50 Ä.È 70 Ä.È. 90 Ä.È
100 100 100 100
3. ã‹tUtdt‰¿‹ ÃHÈl¥g£l gFâÆid¥ ã‹dkhf vGJf.
(i) (ii) (iii)
2 3 4
Ô®î : (i) (ii) (iii)
3 4 5
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4. K¡nfhz¤âš cŸs òŸËfis¡ F¿¡F« ã‹d¤ij vGJf.
6
Ô®î : K¡nfhz¤âš cŸs òŸËfË‹ ã‹d« =
24
5. ã‹tUtdt‰¿š ÃHÈl¥g£l k‰W« ÃHÈl¥glhj
gFâfis¡ F¿¡F« ã‹d§fis¡ fh©f.
2
Ô®î : ÃHÈl¥g£l gFâfË‹ ã‹d« =
8
6
ÃHÈl¥glhj gFâfË‹ ã‹d« =
8
ït‰iw Kašf-2
ã‹tU« rkhd ã‹d§fËš ÉLg£l v©fis¡ fh©f.
3 9 16 10 42
(i) = (ii) = (iii) = (iv) =
5 7 28 3 15 48 8
3 3 9
Ô®î : (i) x =
5 3 15
16 4 4 4 16
(ii) = vdnt, =
28 7 7 7 28
10 2 2 2 10
(iii) = vdnt, =
15 3 3 3 15
42 7 7 42 7
(iv) = vdnt, =
48 8 8 48 8
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ït‰iw Kašf-3
1. bfhL¡f¥g£l nrho ã‹d¤ij¡ F¿¡F« br›tf§fis
ÃHÈ£L, mt‰WŸ vJ bgÇaJ vd¡ TWf.
1 1 1 1
(i) k‰W« I ÃHÈLf I ÃHÈLf
3 5 3 5
1 1
MdJ I Él
3 5
1 1
mjhtJ
Ô®î : 3 5
1 1
I ÃHÈLjš I ÃHÈLjš
3 5
1 1
MdJ IÉl bgÇaJ
3 5
1 1
mjhtJ, >
3 5
2 5 2 5
(ii) k‰W« I ÃHÈLf I ÃHÈLf
5 8 5 8
2 5
MdJ I Él
5 8
2 2
mjhtJ
5 8
Ô®î :
2 5
I ÃHÈLjš I ÃHÈLjš
5 8
2 5
MdJ IÉl á¿aJ
5 8
2 5
mjhtJ, <
5 8
3 3
2. mšyJ ïš vJ bgÇaJ?
8 5
3 3
Ô®î : ; ït‰¿š gFâfŸ 8, 5 ‹ Û.á.k = 8 x 5 = 40
8 5
3 5 15 3 8 24
x = ; x =
8 5 40 5 8 40
15 24 3 3 3
ï§F < ; < vdnt bgÇaJ =
40 40 8 5 5
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3 9 11
3. , , M»a ã‹d§fis VWtÇirÆš mik¡f.
5 10 15
3 9 11
Ô®î: , , k‰W« ït‰¿š gFâfŸ 5, 10, 15 ‹ Û.á.k = 30
5 10 15
3 6 18 9 3 27 11 2 22
x = ; x = ; x =
5 6 30 10 3 30 15 2 30
18 22 27 3 11 9 5, 5, 10, 15
ï§F < < ; < < 2, 1, 2, 3
30 30 30 5 15 10 3, 1, 1, 3
3 11 9 1, 1, 1
VWtÇirÆš vGj , ,
5 15 10 5x2x3=30
9 3 7
4. , , M»a ã‹d§fis ïw§F tÇirÆš mik¡f.
20 4 12
9 3 7
Ô®î: , , k‰W« ït‰¿š gFâfŸ 20, 4, 12 ‹ Û.á.k = 60
20 4 12
9 3 27 3 15 45 7 5 35
x = ; x = ; x =
20 3 60 4 15 60 12 5 60
45 35 27 3 7 9 2, 20, 4, 12
ï§F > > ; > > 2, 10, 2, 6
60 60 60 4 12 20 5, 5, 1, 3
3, 1, 1, 3
3 7 9
ïw§F tÇirÆš vGj , , 1, 1, 1
4 12 20 2x2x5x3=60
ït‰iw Kašf-4
2 5
(i) +
3 7
2 5 ( 2 x7 ) + ( 5 x 3 ) 14 + 15 29
Ô®î: + = = =
3 7 3x7 21 21
29
Éil :
21
3 3
(ii) -
5 8
3 3 (3 x8 ) - ( 3 x 5 ) 24 - 15 9
Ô®î: - = = =
5 8 5x8 40 40
9
Éil :
40
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ït‰iw Kašf-5
1. ã‹tU« m£ltizia Ãiwî brŒf. c§fS¡fhf Kjš
tÇir Ãu¥g¥g£LŸsJ.
(i) gl«
fy¥ò ã‹d«
3 t£l§fŸ KGikahf ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. k‰bwhU
1 1
t£l¤â‹ gFâ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsJ. mjhtJ bkh¤jkhf 3
2 2
t£l§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd.
jfh ã‹d«
x›bthU t£lK« miu gFâfshf¥ ãÇ¡f¥g£LŸsd.
7
bkh¤j« 7 miu t£l§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. ïJ ï¡F¢ rk«
2
(ii) gl«
fy¥ò ã‹d«
br›tf§fŸ KGikahf ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. _‹whtJ
br›tf¤âš gFâ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsJ. mjhtJ bkh¤jkhf
br›tf§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd.
jfh ã‹d«
1
x›bthU br›tfK« mšyJ fh‰gFâfshf mšyJ eh‹»š
4
x‹whf¥ ãÇ¡f¥g£LŸsd. bkh¤jkhf fh‰gFâ
br›tf§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. ïJ ï¡F¢ rk«.
Ô®î :
2 br›tf§fŸ KGikahf ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. _‹whtJ
1 1
br›tf¤âš gFâ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsJ. mjhtJ bkh¤jkhf 2
4 4
br›tf§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. 9
bkh¤jkhf 9 fh‰gFâ br›tf§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. ïJ
ï¡F¢ rk«. 4
6 j.Û. _‹ 5 in 1 - 12
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(iii) gl«
fy¥ò ã‹d«
mW§nfhz§fŸ KGikahf ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd.
IªjhtJ mW§nfhz¤âš gFâ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsJ.
mjhtJ bkh¤jkhf mW§nfhz§fŸ
ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd.jfh ã‹d«
1
x›nth® mW§nfhzK« mšyJ M¿š x‹whf¥
6
ãÇ¡f¥g£LŸsd. bkh¤jkhf M¿š x‹W mW§nfhz§fŸ
ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. ïJ ï¡F¢ rk«.
Ô®î :
4 mW§nfhz§fŸ KGikahf ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd. IªjhtJ
1
mW§nfhz¤âš gFâ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsJ. mjhtJ bkh¤jkhf
6
1
4 mW§nfhz§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd.
6
bkh¤jkhf 25 M¿š x‹W mW§nfhz§fŸ ÃHÈl¥g£LŸsd.
25
ïJ ï¡F¢ rk«.
6
ït‰iw Kašf - 6
1
(i) 3 I¤ jfh ã‹dkhf kh‰Wf.
3
( KG v© x gFâ ) + bjhFâ
gFâ
1 (3 x 3 ) + 1 10
3 ï‹ jfh ã‹d« = =
3 3 3
45
(ii) I¡ fy¥ò ã‹dkhf kh‰Wf. 6 <î
7
Ûâ 7 45
Ô®î : fy¥ò ã‹d« = <î 42
tF¡F« v©
45 3 3 Ûâ
ï‹ fy¥ò ã‹d« = 6
7 7
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4 1 ït‰iw Kašf-7
(i) 5 k‰W« 3 ï‹ TLjš fh©f.
9 6
Ô®î :
4 1 4 1
5 k‰W« 3 ‹ TLjš ; 5 + 3
9 6 9 6
= ( 5 +3 ) + ( 9 + 6 )=
4 1
8+ ( 18 + 18 )
8 3 ~
( 9, 6 ‹ Û.á.k = 18)
11 11 11
= 8+ =8 Éil : 8
18 18 18
3 1
(ii) 12 ÈUªJ 7 I¡ fÊ¡f. (8, 6 ‹ Û.á.k = 24 )
8 6 2, 8, 6
Ô®î : 2, 4, 3,
3 1 2, 2, 3,
12 - 7
8 6 3, 1, 3,
1, 1
3 1 2x2x2x3=24
ï§F 12 > 7 k‰W« > v‹gjhš
8 6
( 8 - 6 ) = 5+ ( 24 )
3 1 9 4
= ( 12 - 7 ) +
24
5 5 5
= 5+ =5 Éil : 5
24 24 24
2 1 1
(iii) 9 k‰W« 2 M»at‰¿‹ TLjÈÈUªJ 6 k‰W«
3 2 6
1
3 M»at‰¿‹ TLjiy¡ fÊ¡f. 1 <î
5 6 7
Ô®î : 6
2 1 2 1
9 k‰W« 2 ‹ TLjš ; 9 + 2 1 Ûâ
3 2 3 2
= (9+2) + ( 3 + 2 ) = 11+ ( 6
2 1 4
+
3
6 ) ( 3, 2 ‹ Û.á.k = 6)
7 1 1 1
= 11 + = 11 +1™+ = 12 + = 12 (1)
6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1
6 k‰W« 3 ‹ TLjš = 6 + 3
6 5 6 5
= (6+3) + ( 6 + 5 ) = 9 + ( 30 + 30 ) ( 6, 5 ‹ Û.á.k = 30 )
1 1 5 6
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11 11
= 9+ = 9 (2)
30 30
rk‹ghLfŸ (1 ) - ( 2) ÈUªJ
1 11 73 281 365 281 365 - 281
1 , 2 = 12 - 9 = - = - =
6 30 6 30 30 30 30
42 84 1442 14 4 4
= = = = 2 Éil : 2
15 30 15 5 5 5 5
ït‰iw Kašf-8 15 <î
3 7 105
(i) RU¡Ff. 35 x
7 7
3 105 35
Ô®î : 35 x = = 15 Éil : 15
7 7 35
0 Ûâ
1
(ii) 15 ïš ï‹ kâ¥ãid¡ fh©f.
5
1 1 15
Ô®î : 15 ïš ï‹ kâ¥ò = 15 x = =3 Éil : 3
5 5 5
3 1
(iii) ïš ï‹ g§F v‹d?
4 3
3 1 1 3 1 1 1
Ô®î : ïš ï‹ g§F = x = = Éil :
4 3 31 4 4 4
3 1
(iv) 7 I 5 Mš bgU¡Ff 42 <î
4 2 8 341
Ô®î : 32
3 1 21
7 x 5
4 2 16
(7 x 4) + 3 (5 x 2) + 1 31 11 341 5 Ûâ
= x = x =
4 2 4 2 8
5 5
= 42 Éil : 42
8 8
ït‰iw Kašf - 9
(i)18 ïš v¤jid 6 fŸ cŸsd?
Ô®î : 18ïš cŸs 6 fË‹ v©Â¡if ™= 18 ÷ 6 = 3
18 ïš cŸs 6 fË‹ v©Â¡if = 3
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1
(ii) 5 ïš v¤jid fŸ cŸsd?
4
1 1 4
Ô®î : 5 ïš cŸs fË‹ v©Â¡if ™= 5 ÷ = 5 x = 20
4 4 1
1
5 ïš cŸs fË‹ v©Â¡if = 20
4
1
(iii) ÷ 5= ?
3
1 1 1 1 1
Ô®î : ÷ 5 = x ™= Éil :
3 3 5 15 15
ït‰iw Kašf - 10
1
(i) 5 ÷ 2 ï‹ kâ¥ig¡ fh©f
2
1 (2 x 2 ) + 1 5
Ô®î : 5 ÷ 2 ™= 5÷ = 5 ÷
2 2 2
( 2 ‹ bgU¡fš jiyÑÊ 5 )
2 5 2
= 5x
5
10
= = 2 Éil : 2
2
1 1
(ii) RU¡Ff : 1 ÷
2 2
1 1 (1 x 2 ) + 1 1 3 1
Ô®î : 1 ÷ ™= ÷ = ÷
2 2 2 2 2 2
=
3
2
x
2
1
( 2 ‹ bgU¡fš jiyÑÊ 1 )
1 2
6
= =3 Éil : 3
2
1 1
(iii) 8 I 4 Mš tF¡f.
2 4
1 1 (8 x 2 ) + 1 (4 x4)+1 17 17
Ô®î : 8 ÷ 4 ™ = ÷ = ÷
2 4 2 4 2 4
(4 ‹ bgU¡fš jiyÑÊ= 17 )
1 17 42 17 4
= x = 2
21 17
1
Éil : 2
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áªâ¡f-1
1. _‹W f£oiffis 9 g§nf‰ghs®fS¡F rkkhf¥ ãÇ¤jhš

x›bthUtU« bgW« g§F ahJ? Éthâ¡f.
Ô®î : g§nf‰ghs®fŸ : m‹ò, m«kh, m¥gh, khkh, IªJ
e©g®fŸ.
g§nf‰ghs®fË‹ v©Â¡if = 9 ng®
f£oiffË‹ v©Â¡if = 3
x›bthU f£oiffisí« _‹W rkkhf¥ g§»l 9 rk
g§FfŸ »il¡F«. 1
vdnt, x›bthUtU« bgW« g§F = g§F
9
áªâ¡f-2
2 4
(i) 5 k‰W« 5
M»ait rkkh?
3 6
2 (5 x 3 ) + 2 17
Ô®î : 5 ™= = (1 )
3 3 3
4 (5 x 6 ) + 4 34 17
5 ™= = = (2)
6 6 6 3
rk‹ghLfŸ ( 1 ), ( 2 ) ÈUªJ
2 4
5 k‰W« 5 M»ait rk«.
3 6
3 1
(ii) = 3 V‹?
2 2
3 1
Ô®î : ™= 1 ï§F KG v© 1 cŸsJ.
2 2
1
3 ï§F KG v© 3 cŸsJ.
2
3 1
vdnt, = 3 ( rkÄšiy)
2 2
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áªâ¡f-3
1 1
1. 2 x 3 v‹gJ 6ï¡F¢ rkÄšiy. V‹?
4 4
1 (2 x 4 ) + 1 9 27 3
Ô®î : 2 x 3™= x3 = x3 = =6
4 4 4 4 4
3 3
ï§F 6 š ã‹d« cŸsJ
4 4
1 1
ï§F 6 š ã‹d« cŸsJ
4 4
1 1
vdnt, 2 x 3 v‹gJ 6 ¡F¢ rkÄšiy.
4 4
c§fS¡F¤ bjÇíkh?
gH§fhy¤ jÄœ¥ ghlÈš ã‹d§fŸ ïl«bg‰WŸs òâ®¡
fz¡F k‰W« mj‹ És¡f«.
òâ®¡ fz¡F¥ ghlš :
f£oahš v£L f£o
fhšmiu K¡fhš kh‰W
ÉahghÇ br‹W É£lh®
áWãŸis _‹W ng®fŸ
f£oí« ò¡ bfhzhJ
fz¡»Y« ãr bfhzhJ
f£oahŒ¥ gfu tšyh®
fz¡»Åš tšyh uhth®
És¡f« :
btšy« É‰F« ÉahghÇÆl« bt›ntW vil bfh©l 8 btšy¡
1 1 3
f£ofŸ ïUªjd. mitfshtd : ».», ».» k‰W« ».». mt®
4 2 4
_‹W ãŸisfis miH¤J mªj btšy¡ f£ofis¢ rkkhf¥
ãÇ¤J¡ bfhŸs¢ brh‹dh®. ãŸisfŸ j§fS¡FŸ v¥go rkkhf¥
ãÇ¤J¡bfhŸth®fŸ? (F¿¥ò : x›bthU vilÆY« cŸs btšy¡
f£ofË‹ v©Â¡if Kiwna 5, 2, k‰W« 1 MF«).
Ô®î : bkh¤j btšy¡f£ofË‹ v©Â¡if = 8
1
ïâš ».» vilíŸs btšy¡ f£ofË‹ v©Â¡if = 5
4 1 5 1
Mfnt 5 btšy¡ f£ofË‹ bkh¤j vil = 5 x = =1 ».»
4 4 4
1
2 1 1
Mfnt 2 btšy¡f£ofË‹ bkh¤j vil = 2 x = 1 ».»
2
1
www.nammakalvi.in

3
4 3
Mfnt 1 btšy¡f£oÆ‹ bkh¤j vil = ».»
4
vdnt, 8 btšy¡f£ofË‹ bkh¤j vil
= 5 bt.f.vil + 2 bt.f. vil + 1 bt.f. vil
1 3
= 1 ».» + 1 ».» + ».»
4 4
(
= (1™+1 + 0) ». » +
1
4
)+0+
3
4
».»
(
= 2 ».» +
1
4 )
+
3
4
».»
4
= 2+ = 2 + 1 = 3 ».»
4
ï§F 3 ãŸisfS¡F¢ rkkhf¥ ãÇ¤J¡ bfhL¡f nt©LbkÅš,
x›bthU ãŸis¡F« bfhL¡f nt©oa btšy¡ f£ofË‹
msî = 1 ».».
vdnt, Kjš ãŸis¡F¡ bfhL¡f nt©oa btšy¡ f£ofŸ
1 1
= ».» f£ofŸ 4 = x 4 = 1 ».»
4 4
ïu©lhtJ ãŸis¡F¡ bfhL¡f nt©oa btšy¡ f£ofŸ
1 1
= ».» f£ofŸ 2 = x 2 = 1 ».»
2 2
_‹whtJ ãŸis¡F¡ bfhL¡f nt©oa btšy¡ f£ofŸ
1 3
= ».» 1 f£o + ».» 1 f£o
4 4
1 3
= ». » + ».» = 1 ».»
4 4
www.nammakalvi.in

brašghL-1
1. br›tf tot¤ jhËid vL¤J¡ bfhŸf. mij ïu©L rk¥

gFâfshf ko¡fî«. mâš xU gFâia ÃHÈ£L mj‹
ã‹d¤ij vGJf. Û©L« mjid¢ rÇghâahf ko¡fî«. mâš
ÃHÈl¥g£l gFâÆ‹ ã‹d¤ij vGJf. ï¢brašgh£oid
IªJ Kiw bjhl®ªJ brŒJ, ÃHÈl¥g£l gFâÆ‹ ã‹d¤ij
1
vGJf. ko¡f¥g£l jhËš cUthF« ï‹ rkhd ã‹d§fis
2
c§fSila e©g®fS¡F Ã%ã¤J¡ fh£Lf.
Ô®î : 1
Kjš Kiw ko¡f¡ »il¡F« ã‹d« =
2
2
2 tJ Kiw ko¡f¡ »il¡F« ã‹d« =
4
4
8
8
16
16
32
1
jhËš cUthF« ï‹ rkhd ã‹d§fŸ
2
1 2 4 8 16
= = = =
2 4 8 16 32
www.nammakalvi.in
brašghL - 2
bfhL¡f¥g£l 3x 3 kha¢rJu¤âš cŸs ã‹d§fis »ilk£l
tÇirfŸ, br§F¤J tÇirfŸ k‰W« _iy É£l tÇirfŸ
1
tÊahf¡ T£odhš Éil »il¡f, ÉLg£l f£l§fis
2
1 1 1 4 7 9
, , , , k‰W« M»a ã‹d§fis¥ ga‹gL¤â
5 10 15 15 30 30
Ãu¥òf.
1 4 1 1
- - - -
30 15 30 5
1 1 1 7
- - - -
6 10 6 30
2 2 9 1
- - - -
15 15 30 15
Ô®î :
»ilk£l tÇirfŸ :
4 1 1 8 1 6 15 1
Kjš tÇir : + + = + + = =
15 30 5 30 30 30 30 2
1 1 7 3 5 7 15 1
2 tJ tÇir : + + = + + = =
10 6 30 30 30 30 30 2
2 9 1 4 9 2 15 1
3 tJ tÇir : + + = + + = =
15 30 15 30 30 30 30 2
br§F¤J tÇirfŸ :
4 1 2 8 3 4 15 1
Kjš tÇir : + + = + + = =
15 10 15 30 30 30 30 2
1 1 9 1 5 9 15 1
2 tJ tÇir : + + = + + = =
30 6 30 30 30 30 30 2
1 7 1 6 7 2 15 1
3 tJ tÇir : + + = + ™+ = =
5 30 15 30 30 30 30 2
_iyÉ£l tÇirfŸ :
4 1 1 8 5 2 15 1
xU _iyÉ£l« : + + = + + = =
15 6 15 30 30 30 30 2
1 1 2 6 5 4 15 1
k‰bwhU _iyÉ£l« : + + = + + = =
5 6 15 30 30 30 30 2
www.nammakalvi.in
brašghL - 3
xU br›tf tot¤ jhËid vL¤J¡bfhŸf. m¤jhËid¢

br§F¤jhf 4 rk msîila gFâfshf ko¡fî«. mâš xU
gFâia¢ át¥ò t©zÄLf. ãwF m¤jhËid¡ »ilk£lkhf
3 rk msîila gFâfshf ko¡fî«. mâš 2 gFâfis k£L«
Úy t©zÄLf. ï¥nghJ Ú§fŸ ïu©L Ãw§fËY«
t©zÄl¥g£l f£l§fis v©Qf.
1 2
(F¿¥ò : bkh¤j f£l§fË‹ v©Â¡if= k‰W« ï‹
4 3
bgU¡f‰gy‹ MF«).
Ô®î : br›tf¤ jhËidbr§F¤jhf 4 rk msîila gFâfshf

ko¤J mâš xU gFâia át¥ò t©zÄ£lhš 1
át¥ò t©zÄ£l gFâÆ‹ ã‹d« =
4
nkY«, m¤jhËid »ilk£lkhf 3 rk msîila gFâfshf
ko¤J mâš 2 gFâfis Úy t©zÄ£lhš 2
Úy t©zÄ£l gFâÆ‹ ã‹d« =
3
ï¥nghJ ïu©L Ãw§fËY« t©zÄl¥g£l f£l§fË‹
1 2 2
v©Â¡if = x =
4 3 12
mjhtJ, ïU f£l§fŸ »il¡F«.
www.nammakalvi.in
bry¡r‹ 6 m¿Éaš 275 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
6 m¿Éaš
Mwh« tF¥ò
_‹wh« gUt«
5 in 1
fhªjÉaš
myF-1 fhªjÉaš
j‹ikfŸ :
<®¥ò Éir
tiffŸ : Éy¡F Éir
ïa‰if¡ fhªj«
bra‰if¡ fhªj« fhªj¤ j‹ik ïH¥ò
bt¥g¥gL¤Jjš
ÑnH nghLjš
fhªjÉaš R¤âahš j£Ljš
fhªj¤ JUt§fŸ :
tlJUt«
ga‹fŸ:-
bj‹JUt«
âir fh£L« fUÉ
<®¡f¥gl¡Toa eilKiw thœÉš
mo¥gil gw¡F« uÆš
fhªj¤j‹ik bghUŸ Ä‹ fhªj bjhl®t©o
fhªj¤j‹ika‰w
bghUŸ
kâ¥ÕL
bghU¤jkhd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¡fî«.
1. fhªj¤jhš <®¡f¥gL« bghUŸ.
m) ku¡f£il M) Cá ï) mÊ¥gh‹ <) fh»j¤J©L
Éil : M) Cá
www.nammakalvi.in

2.khYÄ âirfh£L« fUÉfis Kj‹KjÈš brŒJ
ga‹gL¤âat®fŸ.
m) ïªâa®fŸ M) Inuh¥ãa®fŸ
ï) Ód®fŸ <) v»¥âa®fŸ
Éil : ï) Ód®fŸ
3. j§FjilÆ‹¿ bjh§fÉl¥g£l fhªj« v¥bghGJnk................
âirÆšjh‹ Ã‰F«.
m) tl¡F-»H¡F M) bj‰F-nk‰F
ï) »H¡F-nk‰F <) tl¡F-bj‰F
Éil : <) tl¡F-bj‰F
4. fhªj§fŸ j‹ fhªj¤j‹ikia ïH¡f¡fhuz«
m) ga‹gL¤j¥gLtjhš M) ghJfh¥ghf it¤âU¥gjhš
ï) R¤âahš j£Ltjhš <) R¤j¥gL¤Jtjhš
Éil : ï) R¤âahš j£Ltjhš
5.fhªj Cá¥bg£oia¥ ga‹gL¤â ....................m¿ªJ
bfhŸsKoí«.
m) ntf¤ij M) flªj bjhiyit
ï) âiria <) ïa¡f¤ij
Éil : ï) âiria
II. nfho£l ïl§fis Ãu¥òf.

1.bra‰if¡fhªj§fŸ...................... , ..................... , ..................M»a
tot§fËš jahÇ¡f¥gL»‹wd.
ÉilfŸ : ÚŸ nfhs tot«, t£l tot«, cUis tot«
2. fhªj¤jhš <®¡f¥gL« bghUŸfŸ........................vd¥gL»‹wd.
Éil : fhªj¤j‹ikíŸs bghUŸfŸ
3. fh»j«..................bghUsšy.
Éil : fhªj¤j‹ikíila
4.gH§fhy khYÄfŸ, âiria¡ f©l¿a j§fŸ f¥gšfËš xU
á¿a ...................... f£o¤ bjh§fÉ£oUªjd®.
Éil : fhªj¡f‰fŸ
5. xU fhªj¤â‰F v¥bghGJ« ...................JUt§fŸ ïU¡F«.
Éil : ïu©L
III. rÇah? jtwh? jtbwÅš rÇbrŒJ vGJf.

1. cUis tot fhªj¤â‰F xnu xU JUt« k£Lnk c©L.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : cUis tot fhªj¤â‰F ïu©L JUt§fŸ
c©L.
2. fhªj¤â‹ x¤j JUt§fŸ x‹iwbah‹W Éy¡F«.
Éil : rÇ
www.nammakalvi.in

3. fhªj¤âid ïU«ò¤öŸfS¡F mUnf bfh©L bršY«
nghJ mâf msÉyhd JfŸfŸ fhªj¤â‹ ika¥gFâÆš
x£o¡bfhŸ»‹wd.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : fhªj¤âid ïU«ò¤öŸfS¡F mUnf bfh©L
bršY« nghJ mâf msÉyhd JfŸfŸ fhªj¤â‹
ïU KidfËY« x£o¡ bfhŸ»‹wd.
4. fhªj CáÆid¥ ga‹gL¤â »H¡F k‰W« nk‰F âirfis¡
f©l¿a Koí«.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : fhªj CáÆid¥ ga‹gL¤â tl¡F k‰W« bj‰F
âirfis¡ f©l¿a Koí«.
5. ïu¥g® xU fhªj¥ bghUŸ.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : ïu¥g® xU fhªj¤ j‹ika‰w bghUŸ.
IV. bghU¤Jf.
1. fhªj âirfh£o - mâf fhªj tÈik
2. <®¥ò - x¤j JUt§fŸ
3. Éy¡Fjš - vâbuâ® JUt§fŸ
4. fhªj JUt§fŸ - fhªj Cá
ÉilfŸ
1. fhªj âirfh£o - fhªj Cá

2. <®¥ò - vâbuâ® JUt§fŸ
3. Éy¡Fjš - x¤j JUt§fŸ
4. fhªj JUt§fŸ - mâf fhªj tÈik
V. bghU¤jÄšyhjij t£lÄ£L¡ fhuz« TWf.

1. ïU«ò MÂ, F©^á, ïu¥g®FHhŒ, Cá
Éil : bghU¤jÄšyhjJ : ïu¥g® FHhŒ
fhuz« : ïu¥g® xU fhªj j‹ika‰w bghUŸ k‰wit fhªj¤
j‹ikíilait.
2. Ä‹ö¡», jhÅa§»¥ go¡f£L, Ä‹fhªj ïuÆš, Ä‹gšò,
Éil : bghU¤jÄšyhjJ : Ä‹ gšò
fhuz« : ïJ Ä‹rhu¤âwid ga‹gL¤J« k‰wit
fhªj¤âwid¥ ga‹gL¤J»wJ.
3. ft®jš, Éy¡Fjš, âirfh£Ljš, xËô£Ljš.
Éil : bghU¤jÄšyhjJ : xËô£Ljš
fhuz« : ïJ xËÆ‹ g©ò k‰wit fhªj¤â‹ g©òfshF«.
www.nammakalvi.in

VI. ã‹tU« gl§fËš ïU r£lfhªj§fŸ mUfUnf
fh£l¥g£LŸsd. ã‹tU« th®¤ijfis¥ ga‹gL¤â
x›bthU Kiwí« v‹d ÃfG« vd¡TW. ( <®¡F«, Éy¡F«,
âU«ã x£o¡ bfhŸS« )
S S
N S N S N S S N N N S
N
(a) (b) N S N N
N
S S
S
N (d) S (f)
(c) (e)
ÉilfŸ :
a) <®¡F«
b) Éy¡F«
c) <®¡F«
d) âU«ã x£o¡ bfhŸS«
e) Éy¡F«
f) âU«ã x£o¡ bfhŸS«
VII. Ãu¥òf.
fhªj¤jhš fhªj¤jhš
<®¡f¥gL« <®¡f¥glhj
bghUŸfŸ bghUŸfŸ
F©^á R©z¡f£o
Éil :
ïU«ò kunkir
nfhghš£ Ã¡fš fh»j« if¡F£il
fhªj¤jhš fhªj¤jhš
rhÉ <®¡f¥gL« ãnsL fhyÂ <®¡f¥glhj ïu¥g®
bghUŸfŸ bghUŸfŸ
ehza« MÂ be»Ê bg‹áš

F©^á R©z¡f£o
www.nammakalvi.in

VIII. áW Édh¡fŸ
1. fhªj JUt§fË‹ <®¡F« k‰W« Éy¡F« j‹ik F¿¤J vGJf.
Éil : <®¥ò j‹ik : Éy¡F j‹ik :
N
N S N S S N S
<®¥ò Éir Éy¡F Éir

N N N
S S N S S
<®¥ò Éir Éy¡F Éir
fhªj§fË‹ vâbuâ® fhªj§fË‹

x¤jJUt§fŸ
JUt§fŸ (S-N, N-S)
x‹iwbah‹W <®¡»‹wd. (N-N, S-S)
x‹iwbah‹W
Éy¡F»‹wd
2. gŸË MŒî¡Tl¤âš cŸs áy fhªj§fŸ mt‰¿‹
fhªj¤j‹ikia ïHªâU¥gjhf mt‰iw¥ gÇnrhâ¡F« nghJ
bjÇatU»wJ. vªj fhuz§fshš mit jkJ fhªj¤j‹ikia
ïHªâU¡f¡TL«. _‹W fhuz§fis¡ TW.
fhªj§fŸ, fhªj¤j‹ikia ïH¡f¡ fhuz§fŸ :
1. bt¥g¥gL¤Jjš
2. ÑnH nghLjš
3. R¤âahš j£Ljš
IX. beLÉdh.
1. c‹Ål« X® ïU«ò Cá ju¥gL»wJ. mjid Ú v›thW
fhªjkh¡FthŒ ?
H X® ïU«ò Cáia vL¤J, nki#Æš it¡fî«.
H xU r£lfhªj¤ij vL¤J, mj‹ xU Kidia ïU«ò CáÆ‹ xU
KidÆÈUªJ kWKid tiu xnu âirÆš njŒ¡fî«.
H njŒ¡F« nghJ âirianah, fhªj Kidianah kh‰whkš njŒ¡f
nt©L«.
H 30 mšyJ 40 Kiw ïnjnghš brŒaî«.
H ïU«ò Cá fhªjkhf kh¿ cŸsjh v‹gij¡ f©l¿a mj‹
mU»š áy F©^áfŸ mšyJ ïU«ò¤öŸfis¡ bfh©L
bršyî«.
H fhªjkh¡f¥g£l Cáahš, ïU«ò¤öŸfŸ k‰W« F©^áfŸ
<®¡f¥gL»‹wd.
H ï›thW ïU«ò CáÆid fhªjkh¡fyh«.
www.nammakalvi.in

2. Ä‹fhªj bjhl®t©o v›thW ïa§F»wJ ?
H Ä‹ fhªj¤ bjhl®t©oÆš Ä‹fhªj§fŸ ga‹gL»‹wd.
H ït‰¿‹ tÊna Ä‹rhu« ghí«nghJ k£Lnk fhªj¤j‹ik
bgW»‹wd.
H Ä‹rhu¤â‹ âir khW«nghJ ïj‹ JUt§fS« khW»‹wd.
H bjhl®t©oÆ‹ moÆY«, j©lths¤âY« cŸs fhªj§fË‹
x¤j JUt§fŸ x‹iwbah‹W Éy¡F»‹wd.
H Éy¡F Éir fhuzkhf ï¤bjhl®t©ofŸ j©lths¤âÈUªJ
10 br.Û cau¤âš mªju¤âš Ãiy ÃW¤j¥gL»‹wd.
H j©lths¤âš g¡fth£oY«, bjhl®t©oÆ‹ ÑnH g¡fth£oY«
cŸs fhªj§fËdhš ïªj¤ bjhl®t©o K‹ndh¡»
brY¤j¥gL»wJ.
H Ä‹ndh£l¤â‹ _y« ï¡fhªj§fis f£L¥gL¤j Koí«.
X. ca®áªjid Édh¡fS¡F gâyË¡fî«.

1. c‹Ål« JUt§fŸ F¿¡f¥glhj xU fhªjK«, á¿J
ïU«ò¤öS« ju¥gL»wJ. ïjid¡ bfh©L
m) fhªj¤â‹ JUt§fis v›thW f©l¿thŒ?
H r£lfhªj¤â‹ eLÉš xU üiy¡ f£o mjid¤ bjh§fÉlî«.
H fhªj« vªj¤ âirÆš XŒîÃiy¡F tU»wJ vd¥ gh®¡fî«.
H tl¡nf neh¡F« Kid fhªj¤â‹ tlJUt« vdî«, bj‰nf
neh¡F« Kid fhªj¤â‹ bj‹JUt« vdî« miH¡f¥gL»wJ.
M) fhªj¤â‹ vªj¥ gFâÆš mâf msî ïU«ò¤öŸfŸ x£o¡
bfhŸ»‹wd ? V‹ ?
H fhªj¤â‹ ïUKidfËš mâf msî ïU«ò¤JfŸfŸ
x£o¡bfhŸ»‹wd.
H VbdÅš fhªj¤â‹ <®¥òÉir fhªj¤â‹ ïU KidfËY«
mâfkhf ïU¡»wJ.
2. gl«- 'm 'k‰W« 'M 'M»ait ïU r£lfhªj§fis¡

F¿¡»‹wd. mit x‹iwbah‹W <®¡»‹wd vÅš,
r£lfhªj« 'M' É‹ JUt§fis¡ f©l¿ªJ F¿¡fî«.
gl« - m gl« - M
N
S ? ?
gl« - m gl« - M
N N
S S
www.nammakalvi.in

3. xU f©zho Ftis / KfitÆš Úiu vL¤J¡ bfhŸsî«.
mâš áy F©^áfis¥ nghlî«. ÚU¡FŸ ifia Élhkš
Ú§fŸ ngh£l F©^áfis btËÆš vL¡f nt©L«. mj‰F
Ú§fŸ v‹d brŒå®fŸ ?
H xU r£lfhªj¤ij xU üÈdhš f£o, mij j©Ù® k‰W«
F©^áfŸ cŸs f©zho FtisÆš bjh§fÉlî«.
H r£lfhªj¤jhš F©^áfŸ <®¡f¥gL»‹wd.
H ï›thW, F©^áfis, ÚU¡FŸ ifia Élhkš vL¡f nt©L«.
TLjš Édh¡fŸ - ÉilfŸ

1. ïa‰if¡fhªj« vd¥gLtJ
m) Ã¡fš M) nfhghš£ ï) ïU«ò <) nk¡dil£
Éil : <) nk¡dil£
2. fhªj¤jhš <®¡f¥glhj bghUŸ
m) ïU«ò M) fh»j« ï) nfhghš£ <) MÂ
Éil : M) fh»j«
3. Ä‹fhªj bjhl®t©o kÂ¡F................».Û tiu bršY«
m) 200 M) 400 ï) 600 <) 500
Éil : ï) 600
áW Édh :
1. rhjhuz bjhl®t©o¡F« Ä‹fhªj bjhl®t©o¡F« cŸs
ntWghLfis¥ g£oaÈL§fŸ.
rhjhuz bjhl®t©o Ä‹fhªj bjhl®t©o
rhjhuz bjhl® t©oÆš Ä‹ fhªj bjhl® t©oÆš

cnyhf r¡fu§fŸ Ä‹fhªj§fŸ ga‹gL»wJ.
ga‹gL»wJ.
cuhŒî Éir c©L cuhŒî Éir »ilahJ
Orš, bg£nuhÈš ïa§F« Ä‹rhu« njit
2. nk¡dil£ v‹whš v‹d ? vjdhš ï¥bga® tH§f¥gL»wJ ?

H nk¡dil£ ïa‰if¡ fhªj« vd¥gL»wJ.
H ïit ïa‰ifahd ghiwfŸ vd¥gL»wJ.
H ï¥ghiwfŸ f©l¿a¥g£l bk¡Üáah v‹w CÇ‹ bgauhš
H ï¥bga® tH§f¥gL»wJ.
3. fhªj¤j‹ik miljš tiuaW ?

ïU«ò¤ J©Lfis¡ fhªjkh¡F« Kiwna fhªj¤ j‹ik
miljyhF«.
www.nammakalvi.in

4. fhªj¤j‹ikia ïH¡f it¡F« bghUŸfis TW.
ifngá, FWªjfL, fÂÅ
beLÉdh
1. fhªj¤ j‹ik ïHªJÉlhkš, fhªj§fis¥ ghJfh¡F«
Kiwfis g£oaÈLf.
H r£l fhªj§fis¡ fhªj¤ j‹ik ïHªJÉlhkš ghJfh¡f,
ïu©L r£lfhªj§fË‹ vâbuâ® KidfŸ x‹iw bah‹W
gh®¥gJ nghš ïizahf it¤J, mt‰¿‰F ïilÆš xU
ku¡f£ilia it¡fî«.
H ïu©L njÅU«ò¤ J©Lfis fhªj§fË‹ KidfS¡F¡
FW¡nf it¡f nt©L«.
brašghL 1 : c§fŸ R‰W¥òw¤âš c§fS¡F¡ »il¡F«

gšntW bghUŸfË‹ mUnf xU fhªj¤âid vL¤J¢ br‹W
gh®¡fî«. v‹d Ãfœ»wJ ? c‰W neh¡» vGJ§fŸ.
fhªj¤jhš <®¡f¥gL« bghUŸfŸ :
F©^á, MÂ, ãnsL, rhÉ, ehza«
fhªj¤jhš <®¡f¥glhj bghUŸfŸ :
be»Ê, fh»j«, ïu¥g®, bg‹áš
vt‰whš Md bghUŸfŸ fhªj¤jhš <®¡f¥gL»‹wd ?
fhªj¤j‹ik cŸs bghUŸfŸ
brašghL 2 : fhªj§fis cUth¡Fnthkh ?

X® MÂ mšyJ á¿a ïU«ò¤ J©il nki#Æ‹ ÛJ it¡fî«.
xU r£lfhªj¤â‹ xU Kidia
MÂ / á¿a ïU«ò¤J©o‹ xU
KidÆÈUªJ kWKid tiu xnu
âirÆš njŒ¡fî«. njŒ¡F« nghJ
âirianah, fhªj Kidianah
kh‰whkš njŒ¡f nt©L«. 30 mšyJ
40 Kiw ïnjnghš brŒaî«.
MÂ / ïU«ò J©L fhªjkhf kh¿
cŸsjh v‹gij¡ f©l¿a mj‹ mU»š áy F©^áfŸ
mšyJ ïU«ò¤öŸfis¡ bfh©L bršyî«. mit
fhªjkh¡f¥g£l MÂ / ïU«ò J©lhš <®¡f¥gL»‹wdth?
v‹gij¡ ftÅ¡fî«. ïšiybaÅš ïnj Kiwia¥ ã‹g‰¿
kWgoí« brŒJ gh®¡fî«.
Éil : MÂ fhªjkh¡f¥g£lhš, F©^á k‰W« ïU«ò¤
öŸfis <®¡F«.
www.nammakalvi.in

brašghL 3 :
fhªj âirfh£oia cUth¡Fnthkh !
Ú§fŸ brašghL -2 ïš fhªjkh¡»a fhªj Cáia ïU
°ilnuh~ngh« (bj®nkhbfhnfhš) gªJfËš brU», mjid
FtisÆYŸs ÚÇš Äj¡f Élî«, fhªj Cá tl¡F - bj‰F
âirÆš XŒî Ãiy¡F tU»wjh ? vd¢ rÇgh®¡fî«.
F¿¥ò : c§fËl« bj®nkhbfhnfhš gªJfŸ ïšiybaÅš
fhŒªj ïiyianah, fh®¡ J©ilnah ga‹gL¤jyh«.
Éil : ÚÇš Äj¡F« fhªj Cá XŒî ÃiyÆš tl¡F - bj‰F

âirÆš tU»wJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
myF-3 m‹whl thœÉš ntâÆaš

kdtiugl«
m‹whl thœÉš ntâÆaš
cu§fŸ:
nrh¥òfŸ k‰W«
k©Â‹
ryit¥ bghUŸfŸ:
ts¤j‹ikia
JÂfŸ k‰W«
nk«gL¤â,
e« cliy
jhtu§fŸ tsu
öŒik¥gL¤j¥
ïa‰if cu§fŸ
ga‹gL»‹wd.
ga‹gL»‹wd.
x£L« bghUŸfŸ :
ábk©£ :
bghUŸfis
f£ol¤
x£l k‰W«
bjhÊY¡F
ïiz¡f¥
Äfî« mtáa«.
ga‹gL»‹wd.
ghÇ° rhªJ : Í¥r« k‰W«

vY«ò K¿î¢ v¥r« :
á»¢irÆY« kÅj®fŸ,
áiyfŸ k‰W« Éy§FfŸ,
bgh«ikfŸ jhtu§fŸ k‰W«
jahÇ¥ãY« R‰W¢NHY¡F
ga‹gL»‹wd. Äfî«
gaDŸsjhf
ïU¡»wJ.
kâ¥ÕL
I. bghU¤jkhd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¡fî«.
1. nrh¥ò¡fË‹ Kj‹ik _y«.............................. MF«.
m) òuj§fŸ M) Éy§F bfhG¥ò« jhtu v©izí«
ï) k© <) Eiu cUth¡»
Éil : M) Éy§F bfhG¥ò« jhtu v©izí«
www.nammakalvi.in
2. bt¥g ÃfœÉ‹ _y« bfhG¥ò mšyJ v©izia nrh¥ghf

kh‰Wtj‰F ............................fiurš ga‹gL»wJ.
m) bgh£lháa« iA£uh¡irL
M) nrhoa« iA£uh¡irL
ï) iA£nuhFnshÇ¡ mÄy«
<) nrhoa« FnshiuL
Éil : M) nrhoa« iA£uh¡irL
3. ábk©oš Í¥r« nr®¡f¥gLtj‰fhd fhuz«..................MF«.
m) Éiuthf bf£o¤j‹ikaila
M) bf£o¥gL« j‹ikia jhkj¥gL¤j
ï) fodkh¡f
<) fyitia cUth¡f
Éil : M) bf£o¥gL« j‹ikia jhkj¥gL¤j
4. Õdhš v‹gJ..................................
m) fh®ghÈ¡ mÄy«
M) má£o¡ mÄy«
ï) bg‹nrhÆ¡ mÄy«
<) iA£nuhFnshÇ¡ mÄy«
Éil : m) fh®ghÈ¡ mÄy«
5. ïa‰if x£L«bghUŸ.....................ïUªJ jahÇ¡f¥gL»‹wJ.
m) òuj§fËš M) bfhG¥òfËš
ï) °lh®¢áš <) it£lÄ‹fËš
Éil : ï) °lh®¢áš

1. bt§fha« eW¡F«nghJ e« f©fËš f©Ù®tu¡ fhuzkhd
thí....................................MF«.
Éil : ònuh¥ng‹ jahš S. M¡i[L
2. nrh¥ò jahÇ¡f Ú®, nj§fhŒ v©izŒ k‰W«............................
njit¥gL»‹wJ.
Éil : nrhoa« iA£uh¡irL
3. cHtÅ‹ e©g‹ vd miH¡f¥gLtJ......................MF«.
Éil : k©òG¡fŸ
4. R‰W¢NHY¡F cfªjit.......................cu§fŸ MF«.
Éil : fÇk
5. ïa‰if gir¡F cjhuz«............................. MF«.
Éil : ÚÇš fiu¡f¥g£l °lh®¢
III. rÇah (m) jtwh vd¡ TWf. jtwhf ïU¥ã‹ rÇahf vGjî«.
1. br¿ñ£l¥g£l Õdhš »UÄeháÅahf ga‹gL»‹wJ.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : Fiwªj ml®îila Õdhš »UÄeháÅahf
ga‹gL»‹wJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
2. Í¥r« kU¤Jt¤ JiwÆš mâfsî ga‹gL»‹wJ.

Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : v¥r« kU¤Jt¤ JiwÆš mâfsî ga‹gL»wJ.
3. Í¥r¤ij NLgL¤Jtj‹ _y« ghÇ°rhªJ »il¡»‹wJ.
Éil : rÇ
4. x£L«bghUŸ v‹gJ ïU bghUŸfis x‹nwhblh‹W
ãÇ¡f¥ga‹gL»‹wJ.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : x£L«bghUŸ v‹gJ ïU bghUŸfis
x‹nwhblh‹W ãiz¡f ga‹gL»‹wJ.
5. NPK v‹gJ jhtu§fS¡fhd Kj‹ik¢ r¤J¡fŸ MF«.
Éil : rÇ
IV. bghU¤Jf.
1. nrh¥ò - C6H5 OH
2.ábk©£ - CaSO4 2H2O
3. cu§fŸ - NaOH
4. Í¥r« - RCC
5. Õdhš - NPK
ÉilfŸ :
1. nrh¥ò - NaOH
2.ábk©£ - RCC
3. cu§fŸ - NPK
4. Í¥r« - CaSO4 2H2 O
5. Õdhš - C6H5 OH
V. ÑœtU« th¡»a§fis rÇahd tÇirÆš vGJf.

1. ã‹ ïjid á¿a fhÈ¤Ô¥bg£oÆš C‰¿ cyu it¤jhš »il¥gJ
nrh¥ghF«.
2. f©zho¡ FtisÆš á¿jsî Úiu Ãu¥gî«.
3. ã‹ mjDl‹ nj§fhŒ v©izia á¿J á¿jhf fyªJ, fy¡»
bfh©nl ïUªjhš ï¡ fiurš Tœkkh» bf£o¤j‹ik bgW«.
4. mjDl‹ ml® nrhoa« iA£uh¡iril¢ nr®¤J FËu it¡fî«.
5.ïªj nrh¥ã‹ _y« c§fŸ if¡F£ilia¤ Jit¡f
Ka‰á¡fî«.
6.nrh¥ò jahÇ¡f¡Toa ïl¤âš giHa brŒâ¤jhis
ÉÇ¤J¡bfhŸsî«.
www.nammakalvi.in
1. nrh¥ò jahÇ¡f¡Toa ïl¤âš giHa brŒâ¤jhis ÉÇ¤J¡

bfhŸsî«.
2. f©zho¡ FtisÆš á¿jsî Úiu Ãu¥gî«.
3. mjDl‹ ml® nrhoa« iA£uh¡iril¢ nr®¤J FËu it¡fî«.
4. ã‹ mjDl‹ nj§fhŒ v©izia á¿J á¿jhf fyªJ, fy¡»
bfh©nl ïUªjhš ï¡ fiurš Tœkkh» bf£o¤j‹ik bgU«.
5. ã‹ ïjid á¿a fhÈ¤Ô¥bg£oÆš C‰¿ cyu it¤jhš
»il¥gJ nrh¥ghF«.
6. ïªj nrh¥ã‹ _y« c§fŸ if¡F£ilia¤ Jit¡f
Ka‰á¡fî«.
VI. x¥òik jUf :

1. ôÇah : fÅk cu« : k©òG cu«
Éil : fÇk cu«
2. ..................... : ïa‰if x£L«bghUŸ : brnyh nl¥ : bra‰if
x£L«bghUŸ
Éil : ÚÇš fiu¡f¥g£l °lh®¢
VII. Äf¡ FW»a ÉilaË :

1. nrh¥ãš ml§»íŸs _y¥bghUŸfŸ ahit ?
nrh¥ãš ml§»íŸs _y¥bghUŸfŸ:
H Ú®
H nj§fhŒ v©bzŒ
H nrhoa« iA£uh¡irL
2. nrh¥ãš cŸs ïU bt›ntW tif _y¡TWfŸ v‹bd‹d?

nrh¥ãš cŸs _y¡TWfŸ :
H Ú® ÉU«ò« gFâ
H Ú® btW¡F« gFâ
3. fÅk cu§fS¡F cjhuz« jUf ?

fÅk cu§fS¡F cjhuz§fŸ :
H ôÇah
H N¥g® gh°ng£
H m«nkhÅa« ršng£
H bgh£lháa« ie£nu£
4. ÕdhÈ‹ _‹W ïa‰ãaš g©òfis¡ TWf.

ÕdhÈ‹ ïa‰ãaš g©òfŸ :
1. MÉahF« j‹ikíilaJ.
2. bt©ikÃw¥ gof â©kkhF«.
3. Ãwk‰wJ.
5. ghÇ° rhªâ‹ ga‹fis ÉtÇ¡fî« ?

www.nammakalvi.in
ghß° rhªâ‹ ga‹fŸ :

H fU«gyifÆš vGJ« bghUŸ jahÇ¡f ga‹gL»‹wJ.
mWit¢ á»¢irÆš vY«ò K¿îfis¢ rÇbrŒa¥ ga‹gL»‹wJ.
áiyfŸ th®¥gj‰F ga‹gL»‹wJ.
f£Lkhd¤JiwÆš ga‹gL»‹wJ.
6. ábk©oš fyªJŸs _y¥bghUŸfŸ ahit ?

ábk©oš fyªJŸs _y¥bghUŸfŸ :
H R©zh«ò¡fš
H fËk©
H Í¥r«
7. ábk©£ jahÇ¥ãš Í¥r« vj‰fhf¥ ga‹gL»wJ ?

H Í¥rkhdJ ábk©o‹ bf£o¥gL« neu¤ij jhkjkh¡F»‹wJ.
H Mifahš ábk© £ jahÇ¥ãš Í¥r« ga‹gL¤j¥gL»wJ.
VIII. FW»a ÉilaË:

1. k©òG V‹ cHtÅ‹ e©g‹ v‹W miH¡f¥gL»‹wJ ?
H k©òG¡fŸ cÆÇfÊîfŸ mid¤ijí« czthf c©L
brÇ¤J btËna‰W»‹wd.
H ï¤jifa k©, brÊ¥ghd jhtu ts®¢á¡F cjî»wJ.
H ï›thW k©òG Étrha¤â‰F¥ gšntW tiffËš cjîtjhš
ïJ cHtÅ‹ e©g‹ vdî« miH¡f¥gL»wJ.
2. ábk©£ jahÇ¡F« Kiwia ÉtÇ¡fî« ?

H ïa‰ifÆš »il¡f¡Toa R©zh«ò¡fš, fËk© k‰W«
Í¥r« M»a jhJc¥òfis¡ fyªJ miu¥gj‹ _y« ábk©£
jahÇ¡f¥gL»wJ.
H ábk©Ll‹ Ú® nr®¡F«bghGJ áy ÃÄl§fËš mJ
bf£o¥gL»wJ.
H ábk©£ jahÇ¡F«nghJ ïWâahf m¤Jl‹ á¿jsî Í¥r«
nr®¡f¥gL»‹wJ.
H Í¥rkhdJ ábk©o‹ bf£o¥gL« neu¤ij jhkjkh¡F»‹wJ.
3. Í¥r¤â‹ ga‹fis¡ TWf .

Í¥r¤â‹ ga‹fŸ :
H cukhf¥ ga‹gL»wJ.
H ábk©£ jahÇ¡f¥ ga‹gL»wJ.
H ghß° rhªJ jahÇ¥ãš ga‹gL»wJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
IX. tÇthd ÉilaË

1. tYñ£l¥g£l ábk©£ fhiu k‰W« mj‹ ga‹ghLfis¥
g‰¿ ÉtÇ¡fî«.
m) tYñ£l¥ g£l fhiu :
H ïU«ò¡f«ãfŸ mšyJ v~F tiyfis¡ f‰fhiunahL
nr®¤J¥ bgw¥gLtnj tYñ£l¥g£l fhiuahF«.
M) tYñ£l¥g£l ábk©£ fhiuÆ‹ ga‹fŸ :
H tYñ£l¥g£l fhiu Äfî« tYthdjhfî« cWâahdjhfî«
ïU¡F«.
H vdnt ïJ miz¡f£LfŸ, ghy§fŸ, å£o‹ nkšjs« k‰W«
ö©fŸ f£Ltj‰F¥ ga‹gL»wJ.
H ïij¡bfh©L bgÇa FoÚ®¤ bjh£ofŸ, FHhŒfŸ k‰W« fÊî
Ú® tofhšfisí« mik¡»wh®fŸ.
2. nrh¥ò v›thW jahÇ¡f¥gL»‹wJ ?

njit¥gL« bghUŸfŸ : Ú®, nrhoa« iA£uh¡irL, Ä.È.
nj§fhŒ v©bzŒ.
brŒKiw :
H bgÇa mYÄÅa¡ FtisÆš Úiu Ãu¥ã mjDl‹ nrhoa«
iA£uh¡iril¢ nr®¤J FËu it¡»wh®fŸ.
H ã‹ mjDl‹ nj§fhŒ v©izia á¿J á¿jhf nr®¤J,
gyKiw fy¡F»wh®fŸ.
H ï¡fiurš Tœkkh» bf£o¤j‹ik bgW«.
H ã‹ mjid gy msîŸs á¿a fhÈbg£ofËš C‰¿ cyu
it¤J nrh¥ig bgW»wh®fŸ.
X. ca® áªjid¤âw‹ ÉdhÉ‰F ÉilaË.

1. uÉ xU ÉtrhÆ. mtUila g©izÆš mâf fhšeilfis
mt® ts®¡»‹wh®. ïjdhš mâfsÉš cÆÇ¡fÊîfŸ
»il¡»‹wd. ï¡fÊîfis k©òG cukhf kh‰Wtj‰F jFªj
Mnyhridia uÉ¡F tH§fî«. k©òG cu¤â‹
e‹ikfis¥g‰¿ vL¤J¡Twî«.
g©izÆ‹ Xu¤âš xU mo MH¤âš FÊ x‹iw¤ njh©lî«.
FÊÆDŸ á¿jsî kziy Ãu¥gî«. mj‹nkš ku¤âÈUªJ
câ®ªj ïiyfŸ, njita‰w fh»j§fŸ k‰W« áijîW« fÊîfis
ï£L á¿J Úiu bjË¡fî«. m¡FÊÆDŸ áy k©òG¡fis¥
nghlî«. ã‹ m¡FÊÆ‹ ÛJ rh¡F mšyJ m£il¥bg£o bfh©L
_lî«. mâš v¥bghGJ« <u¥gj« ïU¡F«go gh®¤J¡ bfhŸsî«.
45 ehŸfS¡F¥ã‹ m¡FÊÆDŸ k©òG cu« jahuhf ïU¡F«.
ïªj cu¤âid ku§fS¡F ïlyh«. ïâš ÚÇš fiuí« r¤J¡fŸ
cŸsd. ïªj cu« jhtu ts®¢á¡F cjîtJl‹ k©Â‹
ts¤ijí« fh¡»wJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
brašâ£l«:
H xU f©zho KfitÆš 100 Ä.È. Nlhd Úiu vL¤J¡bfhŸ.
H 50 »uh« ikjh khÉid vL¤J btªÚÇš nr®¤J e‹F fy¡fî«.
H cUthF« gir ngh‹w bghUis vL¤J bjh£L¥gh® x£L»wjh ?
H »Êªj cdJ ò¤jf¤ij¥ giria ga‹gL¤â x£lî«.
H á¿jsî kÆšJ¤j« ( jhÄu ršng£ ) nr®¡F« nghJ girbflhkš
Ú©l eh£fS¡F ïU¡F«.
Koî : »Êªj ò¤jf¤ij¥ gir x£L«.
TLjš Édh¡fŸ ÉilfŸ

I. rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¡f.
1. fÇk cu¤â‰F vL¤J¡fh£L
m) ôÇah M) N¥g® gh°ng£
ï) m«nkhÅa« ršng£ <) bjhGtu« Éil : <) bjhGtu«
2. áÄ©£ f©Lão¡f¥g£l M©L ?
m) 1990 M) 1824 ï) 1800 <) 1850
Éil : M) 1824
3. kÅjÅ‹ kd mG¤j¤ij¡ Fiw¡F« mikâgL¤âfshf
ga‹gLtJ ?
m) ghÇ° rhªJ M) Õdhš ï) v¥r« <) Í¥r«
Éil : ï) v¥r«
4. fU«gyifÆš vGJ« bghUŸ jahÇ¡f¥ ga‹gLtJ
m) ghÇ° rhªJ M) Õdhš ï) Í¥r« <) v¥r«
Éil : m) ghÇ° rhªJ
II. nfho£l ïl¤ij Ãu¥òf.

1. Kj‹KjÈš ábk©il¡ f©Lão¤jt®......................Mth®.
Éil : ÉšÈa« M°ão‹
2. ghy§fŸ, miz¡f£LfŸ f£Ltj‰F.......................ga‹gL»wJ.
Éil : f‰fhiu
3. mWit á»¢irÆš »UÄeháÅahf ........................cgnahf¥gL»wJ.
Éil : Õdhš
III. ÉÇthd ÉilaË ?

bt§fha¤ij eW¡F«nghJ f©fËš vÇ¢rYl‹ f©ÙU«
tUtJ V‹ ?
H bt§fha¤âid eW¡F« nghJ e«Äš gyU¡F f©fËš
vÇ¢rYl‹ f©Ù® tUtj‰fhd fhuz«, mj‹ bršfËš
bghâªJŸs ònuh¥ng‹ jahš S- M¡i[L vD« ntâ¥bghUŸ
MF«.
H ïJ vËâš MÉahf¡ToaJ (Volatile) bt§fha¤ij bt£L«
nghJ, áy bršfŸ áijªJ ïªj ntâ¥ bghUŸ btË¥gL«.
H vËâš MÉah» clnd f©fis¢ br‹wilªJ, vÇ¢rš
V‰gL¤â f©Ùiu¤ ö©L«.
www.nammakalvi.in
H bt§fha¤ij eR¡»dhš TLjš bršfŸ cilªJ, ïªj

ntâ¥bghUŸ mâfkhf btË¥gL«.
H vdnt ï‹D« mâfkhf f©Ù® tU«.
IV. FW»a ÉilaË

1. x£L« bghUŸ v‹whš v‹d ?
xU gu¥ã‹ Ûnjh mšyJ ïu©L bt›ntW bghUŸfË‹
gu¥ã‹ Ûnjh ór¥gL« xU tifahd gir ngh‹w bghUns x£L«
bghUŸ vd¥gL«.
brašghL : 1
c§fŸ e©g®fSl‹ fyªjhnyhá¤J c§fŸ gŸËÆY«,
å£oY« âdrÇ ga‹gL¤j¡Toa áy ntâ¥bghUŸfis¥
g£oaÈLf.
ïl« ntâ¥ bghUŸfŸ
åL Ú®, c¥ò, g‰gir,

kUªJfŸ, nrh¥ò.
gŸË Ú®, fU«gyif,

R©z¡f£o
brašghL : 2
nrh¥ò jahÇ¤jš
njit¥gL« bghUŸfŸ : 35 Ä.È Ú®, 10». nrhoa« iA£uh¡irL,
60 Ä.È. nj§fhŒ v©bzŒ.
brŒKiw :
H nrh¥ò jahÇ¡f¡Toa ïl¤âš giHa brŒâ¤jhis
ÉÇ¤J¡bfhŸ.
H f©zho¡ FtisÆš Úiu Ãu¥ò. mjDl‹ 10 ». nrhoa«
iA£uh¡iril¢ nr®¤J FËu it¡f nt©L«.
H ã‹ mjDl‹ 60Ä.È. nj§fhŒ v©izia á¿J á¿jhf nr®¤J,
fy¡» bfh©nl ïUªjhš ï¡fiurš Tœkkh» bf£o¤j‹ik
bgW«.
H ã‹ ïjid á¿a fhÈ¤ Ô¥bg£oÆš C‰¿ cyu it¤jhš
»il¥gJ nrh¥ghF«.
H ïªj nrh¥ig¡ bfh©L c§fŸ if¡F£ilia Jit¤J¥
gh®¡fî«.
www.nammakalvi.in
brašghL : 3
e« å£oš ga‹gL¤J« gytifahd nrh¥ò f£oÆ‹ nkš
ciwfis¢ nrfÇ¤J mâš F¿¥ãl¥g£oU¡F«, _y¥
bghUŸfis¡ bfh©L ã‹tU« m£ltizia Ãu¥òf.
t.
nrh¥ã‹ bga® _y¥bghUŸfŸ
v©
1. FËaš nrh¥ò bfhG¥ò / v©bzŒ
2. JÂ Jit¡F« nrhoa« iAouh¡irL,

nrh¥ò nj§fhŒ v©bzŒ
3. FHªijfS¡fhd
FËaš nrh¥ò ghš òuj«
fÊtiw R¤j« iA£nuhFnshÇ¡ mÄy«,

4.
brŒí« bghUŸfŸ FnshÇ‹, á£Ç¡ mÄy«
5. å£L¤ jiuia
R¤j« brŒí« Ú®, btŸis ÉÅf®,
âut§fŸ MšfAhš, v©bzŒfŸ
m¿td : ïj‹_y« nrh¥ãDŸ ïU¡F« _y¥bghUŸfis¥

bghW¤J nrh¥ã‹ j‹ik ntWgL« v‹gij m¿ayh«.
1. xU Ãy¤âš bjhl®ªJ gÆ®brŒí« nghJ, m«k©Âš cŸs

C£l¢r¤J¡fS¡F v‹d ÃfG« ?
xU Ãy¤âš bjhl®ªJ gÆ® brŒí« nghJ, m«k©Âš cŸs
C£l¢r¤J¡fŸ FiwªJÉL«.
2. eh« v›thW C£l¢r¤J¡fis k©Â‰F âU¥ã mË¥gJ ?

E©QÆÇfshš bjhF¡f¥g£l jhtu k‰W« Éy§F¡ fÊîfis
ïa‰if cukhf ga‹gL¤â, k©Â‰F C£l¢r¤J¡fis âU¥ã
mË¡fyh«.
Ñœ¡fhQ« g£oaš fÅk cu§fËš ml§»íŸs r¤J¡fis¥

g£oaÈL»wJ.
cu¤â‹ ie£u#‹ (%) gh°gu°(%) bgh£lháa« (%)
bga®
ôÇah 46 0 0
N¥g® gh°ng£ 0 8-9 0
m«nkhÅa« 21 0 0
ršng£
bgh£lháa«
ie£nu£ 13 0 44
www.nammakalvi.in
eh« 50 »nyh»uh« ôÇahÉid¥ ga‹gL¤J« nghJ,

m£ltizÆ‹go 23 »nyh»uh« ie£u#‹ (46 rjåj«) k©Âš
nr®¡f¥gL»wJ.
m«nkhÅa« ršng£oš v¤jid rjåj« ie£u#‹ cŸsJ ?
Éil : 21 %
50 »nyh»uh« bgh£lháa« ie£nu£ cuÄ£lhš, v›tsî
bgh£lháa« k©Âš nr®¡f¥gL« ?
Éil : 44 %
brašghL : 4
cdJ CÇš cŸs tašbtËfis¥ gh®itÆL.
m§F gÆÇl¥gL« gÆÇidí«, ga‹gL¤j¥gL« cu§fisí«
g£oaÈLf.
t.
gÆÇ‹ bga® cu§fË‹ bga®
v©
1. mÇá ôÇah
2. nrhs« N¥g® gh°ng£

3. fU«ò m«nkhÅa« ršng£
brašghL : 5
xnu msÉyhd _‹W Ftisfis vL¤J¡bfhŸf. mj‰F
A,B,C vd bgaÇLf. x›bth‹¿Y« ïu©L nj¡fu©o
ábk©il vL¤J¡bfhŸ.
Kjš Ftis A Æš xU nj¡fu©o ÚU«. ïu©lhtJ Ftis
BÆš ïu©L nj¡fu©o ÚU«, _‹whtâš CÆš _‹W
nj¡fu©o Úiu¢ nr®¡fî«.
á¿J neu«fÊ¤J vªj FtisÆš cŸs ábk©£ KjÈš
bf£o¤ j‹ikail»‹wJ ?
FtisÆ‹ mo¥gFâia bjhL«nghJ FË® mšyJ
bt¥g¤ij cz®»whah. V‹ ?
Éil :
H _‹whtJ Ftis C Æš cŸs ábk©£ KjÈš
bf£o¤j‹ikail»‹wJ.
H VbdÅš mâš rÇahd msî Ú® cŸsJ.
H FtisÆ‹ mo¥gFâ bt¥gkhf cŸsJ.
H VbdÅš bt¥g« cÄH¥gL»wJ.
6 j.Û. _‹ 5 in 1 - 20
www.nammakalvi.in
myF-4 ekJ R‰W¢NHš

kdtiugl«
khRghL
R‰W¢ NHÈš Ô§F
ÉisÉ¡f¡ czî¢ r§»È
Toa (mšyJ) e¢R¥ k‰W« czî tiy
bghUŸfŸ nr®tJ.
M‰wš k‰W« r¤JfŸ
* fh‰W khRghL fl¤j¥gLjš.
* Ú® khRghL
* Ãy khRghL
* xÈ khRghL
ekJ
R‰W¢NHš
e«ik¢ R‰¿ÆU¡F«
3R nfh£ghL mid¤ijí« F¿¥gJ
fÊîfis mâf« NœÃiy k©ly« cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F
cUth¡F« rKjha¤ij cŸshF« fÊîfŸ
kh‰WtJ cÆÇd¡TWfŸ k‰W«
v.fh :-
Fiw¤jš cÆu‰w TWfshš gh¡OÇah, óŠir
Û©L« M¡f¥g£LŸsJ. k‰W« k©òG¡fshš
ga‹gL¤Jjš áijîW« fÊîfŸ.
kWRH‰á
cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F
cŸshfhj¡ fÊîfŸ
v.fh :-
be»Ê¥ bghUŸfŸ
cnyhf§fŸ,
mYÄÅa¡nf‹fŸ,
f©zho¥
gh£ošfŸ
kâ¥ÕL
I. bghU¤jkhd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¡fî«.
1. e‹Ü® NœÃiy k©ly« vJ vd¡ f©Lão¤J vGJf.
m) Fs« M) VÇ
ï) eâ <) ïit mid¤J«
Éil : <) ïit mid¤J«
2. c‰g¤âahs®fŸ vd¥gLgit
m) Éy§FfŸ M) gwitfŸ
ï) jhtu§fŸ <) gh«òfŸ
Éil : ï) jhtu§fŸ
www.nammakalvi.in
3. cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cŸshF« fÊî

m) be»Ê M) rikayiw¡ fÊîfŸ
ï) f©zho <) mYÄÅa«
Éil : M) rikayiw¡ fÊîfŸ
4. fh‰¿Y«, ÚÇY« V‰gl¡Toa ÉU«g¤jfhj kh‰w§fis
ï¥goí« miH¡fyh«.
m) kWRH‰á M) Û©L« ga‹gL¤Jjš
ï) khRghL <) ga‹gh£il¡ Fiw¤jš
Éil : ï) khRghL
5. fis¡bfhšÈfË‹ ga‹ghL ...............khRgh£il cUth¡F«.
m) Ãy khRghL M) Ú® khRghL
ï) ïiu¢rš khRghL <) m k‰W« M
Éil : <) m k‰W« M

1. jhtu§fis c©git....................................Ãiy Ef®nth®fŸ MF«.
Éil : Kjš
2. NœÃiy k©ly¤âš bt¥gÃiy, xË k‰W« fh‰W ngh‹wit
....................... fhuÂfŸ MF«.
Éil : cÆu‰w
3. .......................v‹w ÃfœÉ‹ _y« fÊî¥bghUŸfËÈUªJ òâa
bghUŸfis cUth¡fyh«.
Éil : kWRH‰á
4. Ú® khRghL kÅjD¡F.....................nehia cUth¡F»wJ.
Éil : bl§F , fhyuh
5. 3R v‹gJ ga‹gh£il¡ Fiw¤jš, .......................... k‰W« kWRH‰á
M»at‰iw¡ F¿¡»wJ.
Éil : Û©L« ga‹gL¤Jjš
III. rÇah (m) jtwh vd¡ TWf. jtwhf ïU¥ã‹ rÇahf vGJf.
1. flš NœÃiy k©ly¤â‰F gáã¡ bgU§flš X®
vL¤J¡fh£lhF«.
Éil : rÇ
2. gh¡OÇah¡fŸ k‰W« óŠirfŸ M»ad áij¥gitfŸ vd
miH¡f¥gL»‹wd.
Éil : rÇ
3. kÅj¡ fÊîfS«, Éy§»d¡ fÊîfS«, cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F
c£glhj fÊîfS¡F vL¤J¡ fh£LfshF«.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : kÅj¡ fÊîfS«, Éy§»d¡ fÊîfS«,
cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cŸshF« fÊîfS¡F vL¤J¡
fh£LfshF«.
www.nammakalvi.in
4. msî¡F mâfkhf fis¡ bfhšÈfis¥ ga‹gL¤âdhš xÈ

khRghL cUthF«.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : msî¡F mâfkhf fis¡ bfhšÈfis¥
ga‹gL¤âdhš Ãy« k‰W« Ú® khRghL cUthF«.
5. âl¡fÊî nkyh©ik ÉâfË‹go, fÊîfis eh« ïu©L

tiffshf¥ ãÇ¡f nt©L«.
Éil : jtW
rÇahd T‰W : âl¡fÊî nkyh©ik ÉâfË‹go fÊîfis
eh« _‹W tiffshf¥ ãÇ¡f nt©L«.
IV. bghU¤Jf :-
1. cÆÇd¡ TWfŸ - Ãythœ NœÃiy k©ly«

2. rh¡fil¡ fÊîfŸ - Ãy khRghL
3. bra‰if cu§fŸ - fh‰W khRghL
4. ghiytd« - Ú® khRghL
5. òif - Éy§FfŸ
ÉilfŸ :
1. cÆÇd¡ TWfŸ - Éy§FfŸ

2. rh¡fil¡ fÊîfŸ - Ú® khRghL
3. bra‰if cu§fŸ - Ãy khRghL
4. ghiytd« - Ãythœ NœÃiy k©ly«
5. òif - fh‰W khRghL
V. rÇahd tÇirÆš vGâ, czî¢ r§»Èia cUth¡F

1. Kaš - nfu£ - fGF - gh«ò
Éil : nfu£ Kaš gh«ò fGF
2. kÅj‹ - ó¢á - Mšfh - Û‹
Éil : Mšfh ó¢á Û‹ kÅj‹
VI. Äf¡ FW»a ÉilaË

1. NœÃiy k©ly« - tiuaW.
H cÆUŸsití«, cÆu‰wití« x‹W nr®ªj xU f£lik¥ng
NœÃiy k©lykhF«.
2. NœÃiy k©ly¤â‹ ïU tiffŸ ahit ?

NœÃiy k©ly¤â‹ ïUtiffŸ :
1. ïa‰if NœÃiy k©ly«
2. bra‰if NœÃiy k©ly«
www.nammakalvi.in
3. kWRH‰á mila¡Toa bghUŸfËš vitnaD« ïu©oid

vGJf.
kWRH‰á mila¡Toa bghUŸfŸ :-
1. JÂfŸ
2. be»ÊfŸ
4. khRgh£o‹ tiffis¡ F¿¥ãLf.

khRghL eh‹F tif¥gL«. mit
1. fh‰W khRghL
2. Ú® khRghL
3. Ãy khRghL
4. xÈ khRghL
5. Ú®thœ czî¢r§»È¡F X® vL¤J¡fh£L jUf.

Ú®thœ jhtu« Ú®thœ¥ó¢á yh®th Û‹
(c‰g¤âahs®) Kjš Ãiy ïu©lh« Ãiy _‹wh« Ãiy
Ef®nth® Ef®nth® Ef®nth®
6. khRgL¤âfŸ v‹whš v‹d ?

R‰W¢NHš khRgh£il cUth¡F»‹w bghUŸfŸ khRgL¤âfŸ
vd¥gL»‹wd.
7. ã‹tUtd cUth¡F« khRghLfis vGJf.

m) xÈ bgU¡» M) be»Ê
m. xÈ bgU¡» cUth¡F« khRghLfŸ : xÈ khRghL, mâf
ïiu¢rš, ca® ïu¤j mG¤j«, kd mG¤j«, nf£F« âw‹ ghâ¥ò.
M. be»Ê cUth¡F« khRghLfŸ : fh‰W khRghL, f©vÇ¢rš,
njhš ghâ¥ò, Eiupuš ghâ¥ò.
VII. FW»a ÉilaË

1. cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cŸshF« fÊîfŸ v‹whš v‹d ?
ïa‰if¡ fhuÂfshd Ú®, M¡á#‹, NÇaÅ‹ òw Cjh¡
fâ®fŸ k‰W« E©QÆÇfshš áijîW« bghUŸfŸ cÆÇd¢
áijÉ‰F cŸshF« fÊîfŸ vd¥gL«.
v.fh. fhŒf¿ k‰W« gH¡fÊîfŸ, czî¡fÊîfŸ, njh£l¡
fÊîfŸ.
www.nammakalvi.in
2. Ú® khRgh£il eh« v›thW Fiw¡fyh« ?

Ú® khRgh£il Fiw¡F« tÊfŸ :
1. ÛjKŸs v©bzŒ, giHa kUªJfis ÚUl‹ fy¤jiy¤ jÉ®¡f
nt©L«.
2. taÈš gÆ®fŸ ts®tj‰fhf¥ ga‹gL¤J« ó¢á¡bfhšÈ k‰W«
bra‰if cu§fŸ msit¡ Fiw¡f nt©L«.
3. å£o‹ fÊîÚiu å£L¤ njh£l« mik¤J¥ ga‹gL¤jyh«.
4. Fs§fŸ, VÇfŸ, MWfËš fÊîfis fy¥gijí«,
bfh£Ltijí« jÉ®¡f nt©L«. v¥bghGJ« F¥ig bjh£oia¥
ga‹gL¤j nt©L«.
3. czî¢ r§»ÈÆ‹ K¡»a¤Jt¤ij vGJf.

czî¢ r§»ÈÆ‹ K¡»a¤Jt« :
1. xU NœÃiy k©ly¤âš cÆÇd§fS¡»ilnaíŸs czî
c©Q« cwîKiwí«, mªj cÆÇd§fŸ v›thW x‹iwbah‹W
rh®ªJŸsd v‹gijí« czî¢ r§»È És¡F»wJ.
2. NœÃiy k©ly¤âš M‰wš v›thW X® cÆÇd¤âlÄUªJ
k‰bwhU cÆÇd¤â‰F RH‰áahf¡ fl¤j¥gL»wJ v‹gij eh«
òÇªJ bfhŸs nt©L«. ïJ Äfî« K¡»akhdJ.
3. NœÃiy k©ly¤â‹ khRgh£odhš czî¢ r§»ÈÆš cŸs X®
cW¥ãdÇ‹ e¢R¥bghUŸ k‰w cÆÇd§fS¡F¤ bjhl®¢áahf
v›thW fl¤j¥gL»wJ v‹gijí« m¿ªJbfhŸs czî¢ r§»È
cjî»wJ.
VII. ÉÇthd ÉilaË

1. cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cŸshF« fÊîfisí«, cÆÇd¢
áijÉ‰F cŸshfhj fÊîfisí« ntWgL¤Jf.
cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F

cŸshF« fÊîfŸ cŸshfhj fÊîfŸ
k£F« fÊîfŸ k£fhj fÊîfŸ

ïa‰if¡ fhuÂfshd Ú®, E©QÆÇfŸ k‰W«
M¡á#‹, NÇaÅ‹ òw ïa‰if¡ fhuÂfshš
Cjh¡ fâ®fŸ k‰W« áijîwhJ.
E©QÆÇfshš áijîW«.
áijÉ‰F cŸshd áijîwhkš, MÆu¡fz¡
bghUŸfŸ vËa jhJ¥ fhd M©LfŸ k©Âš
bghUŸfshfî«, r¤J¥ Úo¤âU¡F«.
bghUŸfshfî« k©iz
milªJ k©iz ts¥gL¤J
»‹wd.
v.fh : fhŒf¿ k‰W« gH¡ v.fh : be»Ê¥ bghUŸfŸ,
fÊîfŸ , czî¡ fÊîfŸ, cnyhf§fŸ, mYÄÅa¡
njh£l¡ fÊîfŸ. nf‹fŸ, f©zho¥
gh£ošfŸ
www.nammakalvi.in
2. xÈ khRghL g‰¿ F¿¥ò jUf.

H r¤jkhd ïir, nkh£lh® thfd§fËÈUªJ btËtU« ïiu¢rš,
g£lhR bto¡F« nghJ cUthF« ïiu¢rš, ïaªâu§fË‹ Xir
ngh‹wit ïiu¢riy cUth¡F»‹wd.
H ïiu¢rš e« ö¡f¤ij¡ bfL¡»wJ.
H e«ik Ã«kâahf go¡f ÉLtâšiy.
H e« fhJfis¥ ghâ¡»‹wd.
H ca® ïu¤j mG¤j«, kd mG¤j« k‰W« nf£F« âw‹ ghâ¥ò
ngh‹wit V‰gL»‹wd.
H flY¡foÆš cŸs âÄ§fy§fŸ f¥gÈdhš V‰gL«
ïiu¢rÈdhš j§fŸ ghijÆÈUªJ âir khW»‹wd.
IX. ca® áªjid¤âw‹ ÉdhÉ‰F ÉilaË.

1. czî¢ r§»ÈÆš ïUªJ X® cÆÇd« Ú¡f¥g£lhš
v‹bd‹d ÉisîfŸ V‰gL« ?
H czî¢ r§»ÈÆš ïUªJ X® cÆÇd« Ú¡f¥g£lhš, NœÃiy
k©ly¤âš, M‰wiy X® cÆÇd¤âlÄUªJ k‰bwhU
cÆÇd¤â‰F RH‰áahf¡ fl¤j KoahJ.
2. fÊîfS¡F«, bl§F k‰W« knyÇah ngh‹w Mg¤jhd

nehŒfS¡F« ïilna cŸs bjhl®ãid És¡Ff.
âwªj btËÆš bfh£oa F¥igfËY«, á¿a F£ilfËš cŸs
ÚÇš bfhR¡fŸ c‰g¤âah», bl§F k‰W« knyÇah ngh‹w
nehŒfis cUth¡F»‹wd.
X. gl¤ij¥ gh®¤J ã‹tU« òif k‰W« e¢RfŸ

Édh¡fS¡F Éil jUf. btËnaW»‹wd.
âwªjbtË¡ F¥ignkLfŸ
1. ï¥gl¤âÈUªJ Ú m¿í« Ãfœî
vJ ? És¡Ff.
NœÃiy k©ly¤â‹ khRghL
És¡f« :-
F¥igfŸ vÇªJ, Mnuh¡»a¤ij e¢RfŸ j©ÙÇY«
bfL¡f¡Toa ntâ¥bghUŸfis¢ k©ÂY« fy¡»‹wd.
NœÃiy k©ly¤âš nr®¤J
khR¥gL¤J»wJ.
ïªj ntâ¥ bghUŸfŸ cŸs fh‰iwna cÆÇd§fŸ Rthá¡»‹wd.
F¥igfŸ vÇí« nghJ cUthF« rh«gš JfŸfŸ k©izí«
khRgL¤J»‹wd.
ïjdhš kiH bgŒí« nghJ áy mghafukhd ntâ¥bghUŸfŸ
Ãy¤â‰F¢ bršY«.
2. F¥ig¡ FÊfËš ÃfG« khRghLfŸ ahit ?
fh‰W khRghL, Ãy khRghL, Ú® khRghL
www.nammakalvi.in

I. rÇahd Éilia nj®ªbjL :
1. jd¡fhd czit¤ jhnd c‰g¤â brŒgit
m) C‹ c©ÂfŸ M) c‰g¤âahs®fŸ
ï) jhtu c©ÂfŸ <) Ef®nth®fŸ
Éil : M) c‰g¤âahs®fŸ
2. ïªâahÉš xUt® xUehŸ cUth¡F« fÊîfË‹ msî
......................MF«.
m) 0.45 »/» M) 1.45 »/»
ï) 4.5 »/» <) 0.145 »/»
Éil : m) 0.45 »/»
3. khRghl‰w cyif cUth¡f...................mtáa«
m) 2R M) 1 R ï) 3R <) ïitVJÄšiy
Éil : ï) 3R
II. nfho£l ïl¤ij Ãu¥òf :-

1. c‰g¤âahs®fis ................................cÆÇfŸ v‹»nwh«.
Éil : j‰rh®ò C£l
2. czî¢ r§»Èfis x‹¿iz¥gij.........................v‹»nwh«.
Éil : czî tiy
3. njita‰w bghUŸfis, ca®jukhd bghUshf
kh‰WtJ..........................
Éil : gil¥gh¡f kWga‹ghL
4. ïªâah x›bthU ehS«............................âl¡fÊîfis c‰g¤â
brŒ»wJ.
Éil : 532 ÄšÈa‹ / »nyh
III. Édh Éil

1. Ú® thœ fh£áaf« k‰W« Ãy thœ fh£áaf« - ntWgL¤Jf.
Ú® thœ fh£áaf« (Aquarium) Ãy thœ fh£áaf« (Terrarium)
Û‹fŸ, ãw Ú®thœ Ãy thœ cÆÇd§fŸ

cÆÇd§fŸ k‰W« k‰W« jhtu§fis¡
Ú®thœ jhtu§fis fh£á¥gL¤J« ïl«
fh£á¥gL¤J« ïl«
ïJ xU á¿a bjh£oahfnth ï§F ïa‰ifahd

mšyJ gy bgÇa bjh£ofŸ NœÃiy k©ly¤âid¥
fh£á¥gL¤j¥g£l ngh‹W totik¡f¥g£L
xU f£olkhfnth Éy§FfS«, jhtu§fS«
ïU¡fyh«. fh£á¥gL¤j¥gL»‹wd.
www.nammakalvi.in
2. jhtu c©ÂfŸ k‰W« C© c©ÂfŸ ntWgL¤Jf.
jhtu c©ÂfŸ C‹ c©ÂfŸ
jhtu§fŸ k‰W« ãw Éy§Ffis czthf

jhtu¥ bghUŸfis c£bfhŸS« Éy§FfŸ.
czthf c£bfhŸS«
Éy§FfŸ.
v.fh : gR, kh‹, ML k‰W« vÈ v.fh : á§f«, òÈ, jtis
k‰W« Mªij.
3. czîtiy - áWF¿¥ò tiuf.

H xU NœÃiy k©ly¤â‹ všyh czî¢r§»Èfisí«
x‹¿iz¤jhš, gšntW ãiz¥òfis¡ bfh©LŸs xU
tiyaik¥ò »il¡F«.
H ïjid eh« czî tiy v‹»nwh«.
4. 3R tÊKiwfŸ ahit ?
H ga‹gh£il¡ Fiw¤jš (Reduce)
H Û©L« ga‹gL¤Jjš ( Reuse)
H kWRH‰á brŒjš (Recycle)
5. å£L cgnahf Mg¤jhd fÊîfS¡F vL¤J¡fh£L jUf.

å£L cgnahf Mg¤jhd fÊîfŸ v‹gJ, njita‰w bgÆ©£
£u«fŸ, ó¢á¡bfhšÈ kUªJ nf‹fŸ, á.v¥.vš gšòfŸ, FHš
És¡FfŸ, fhyhtâahd kUªJfŸ, cilªj ghjur
bt¥gÃiykhÅfŸ, ga‹gL¤âa Ä‹fy‹fŸ, ga‹gL¤âa CáfŸ
k‰W« áÇŠRfŸ M»at‰iw¡ F¿¡F«.
6. fÊîfË‹ tiffŸ ahit ?

H âl¡ fÊîfŸ (F¥ig¤ bjh£oÆYŸs fÊîfŸ)
H âut¡ fÊîfŸ (rh¡fil¡ fÊîfŸ)
H thí¡ fÊîfŸ (bjhÊ‰rhiy khRghLfŸ)
brašghL : 1
c§fŸ å£oš cŸs mid¤ijí« c§fŸ f© K‹ bfh©L
tUf. c§fŸ FL«g¤âd®, c§fŸ å£oš cŸs ò¤jf§fŸ,
bgh«ikfŸ, ku¢rhkh‹fŸ, czî tiffŸ k‰W« c§fŸ
bršy¥ ãuhÂfŸ vd mid¤ijí« Ãid¤J¥ ghU§fŸ ï¥go
cÆUŸsití«, cÆu‰wití« nr®ªjJjh‹ c§fsJ åL,
bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs gl¤âid¥ ghU§fŸ. Fs¤âid
c‰Wneh¡», cÆUŸs k‰W« cÆu‰w fhuÂfis¥
g£oaÈL§fŸ.
www.nammakalvi.in
cÆUŸs cÆu‰w
fhuÂfŸ fhuÂfŸ
jhkiu¢ bro f‰fŸ
Û‹ Ú®
th¤J k©
bfhR fh‰W
m£il ó¢á NÇa xË
e¤ij
yh®th
jtis
j h t u § f Ë ‹
xË¢nr®¡if¡F v‹bd‹d njit¥gL»wJ ?
H fh®g‹il M¡i[L
H Ú®
H NÇa xË
H g¢ira«
brašghL : 2
xU rJutot¡ fh»j¤ij
v L ¤ J ¡ b f h Ÿ s î « . m j ‹
_iyÉ£l§fis ko¤J¡bfhŸsî«.
»il¡F« K¡nfhz§fËš _‹¿š
(gl¤âš fh£oíŸsthW) FW¡fhf _‹W
nfhLfŸ tiuaî«. xU _iy É£l¤â‹
KidÆÈUªJ ika« tiu
f¤jÇ¡nfhyhš bt£o¡bfhŸS§fŸ.
ïªj K¡nfhz¤ij kl¡» _‹whtJ K¡nfhz¤â‹
ã‹dhš x£oÉ£lhš c§fS¡F ãuÄL tot« »il¡F«. Kjš
K¡nfhz¤âš cÆÇd§fË‹ gl¤ij tiuí§fŸ.
ïu©lhtâš mj‹ bgaiuí«, _‹whtâš mj‹ M‰wš
k£l¤ijí« vGJ§fŸ. khâÇ¡fhf gl¤âš
bfhL¡f¥g£LŸsJ. Ú§fŸ ntW cÆÇd§fis¡ bfh©L
c§fsJ ãuÄil cUth¡F§fŸ.
gUªJ
fhf«
kut©L
ïiyfŸ
www.nammakalvi.in
brašghL : 3
ïu©L k©ghidfŸ mšyJ f©zho¥ gh£ošfis
vL¤J¡bfhŸS§fŸ. Kjš ghidÆš, thiH¥gH¤njhš,
fhŒf¿¡ fÊîfŸ k‰W« ïiy, jiHfŸ ngh‹w fÊîfis¥
ngh£L mj‹ ÛJ kziy Ãu¥ò§fŸ. ïu©lhtJ ghidÆš,
be»Ê¥ igfŸ, rh¡ny£ ciwfŸ k‰W« mYÄÅa¤jhŸ
M»at‰iw¥ ngh£L kzyhš Ãu¥ò§fŸ.
ïu©L gh¤âu§fËY« cŸs bghUŸfS¡F v‹d Ãfœ»wJ ?
Kjš ghid¡F«, ïu©lhtJ ghid¡F« VnjD« É¤âahr«
cŸsjh ?
ïu©L thu§fŸ mjid c‰Wneh¡», v‹d Ãfœ»wJ vd
e©g®fSl‹ Éthâí§fŸ.
H Kjš ghidÆš cŸs bghUŸfŸ cÆÇd¢ áijî¡F cŸshF«.
H ïu©lhtJ ghidÆš cŸs bghUŸfŸ cÆÇd áijÉ‰F
cŸshfhJ.
Kjš ghidÆš cŸs fÊîfŸ k£»ÆU¡F« ïu©lhtJ
ghidÆš cŸs fÊîfŸ k£fhkš m¥gona ïU¡F«.
cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cŸshF« fÊîfŸ k‰W« cÆÇd¢

áijÉ‰F cŸshfhj fÊîfS¡F áy vL¤J¡fh£Lfis¤
jhU§fŸ.
t. cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F cÆÇd¢ áijÉ‰F
v©. cŸshF« fÊîfŸ cŸshfhj fÊîfŸ
1. czî¡ be»Ê gh£ošfŸ
fÊîfŸ
2. ïiy¤jiHfŸ be»Ê igfŸ
3. ò‰fŸ cnyhf§fŸ
4. fhŒf¿fŸ mYÄÅa¡ nf‹fŸ
5. thiH¥gH¤njhš f©zho¥ gh£ošfŸ
c§fŸ MáÇa® k‰W« e©g®fSl‹ Éthâ¡fî«.

1. Éy§FfË‹ vY«òfŸ cÆÇd¢ áijîWgitah ?
............................................................
Éil : M«, áijîW«
2. všyh tifahd JÂfS« cÆÇd¢ áijîWgitah ?
...........................................................
Éil : ïšiy, áijîwhJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
brašghL : 4
k©òG cu« jahÇ¤jš
c§fŸ å£o‹ njh£l¤âš mšyJ gŸË
tshf¤â‹ Xu¤âš xU mo MH¤âš FÊ
x‹iw¤ njh©lî«. FÊÆDŸ á¿jsî
kziy Ãu¥gî«. mj‹nkš ku¤âÈUªJ
câ®ªj ïiyfŸ, njita‰w fh»j§fŸ
k‰W« áijîW« fÊîfis ï£L á¿J Úiu
bjË¡fî«. m¡FÊÆDŸ áy
k©òG¡fis¥ nghlî«. ã‹ m¡FÊÆ‹
ÛJ rh¡F mšyJ m£il¥bg£o bfh©L _lî«. mâš v¥bghGJ«
<u¥gj« ïU¡F«go gh®¤J¡ bfhŸsî«.
45 ehŸfS¡Fã‹ m¡FÊÆDŸ k©òG cu« jahuhf ïU¡F«. ïªj
cu¤âid ekJ åL mšyJ gŸË tshf¤âš cŸs ku§fS¡F
ïlyh«. ïâš ÚÇš fiuí« r¤J¡fŸ cŸsd. ïªj cu« jhtu
ts®¢á¡F cjîtJl‹ k©Â‹ ts¤ijí« fh¡»wJ.
tF¥giw gÆ‰á
eh‹ ah® bjÇíkh ?
1. Ãy¡fÇí«, bjhšYÆ® gok vÇbghUŸfS« vÇtjhš eh‹
cUth»nw‹. bjhÊ‰rhiy k‰W« thfd§fËÈUªJ btËnaW«
òifí« v‹id cUth¡F»wJ eh‹ kÅj®fS¡F Rthr¥
ãu¢ridfis¤ jU»nw‹. eh‹ vªj tif khRghL v‹W
c§fS¡F¤ bjÇíkh ? eh‹ jh‹............................khRghL.
Éil : fh‰W khRghL
2. mâf r¤j¤jhš eh‹ cUth»nw‹. eh‹ c§fŸ fhJfis¥
ghâ¥gnjhL, c§fŸ ö¡f¤ijí« bfL¡»nw‹. xÈ¥bgU¡»fŸ
k‰W« fh‰W xÈ¥gh‹fis¥ ga‹gL¤JtjhY« eh‹ cUth»nw‹.
eh‹ vªjtif khRghL v‹W c§fS¡F bjÇíkh ?
eh‹jh‹..........................khRghL.
Éil : xÈ khRghL
3. rh¡fil Úiu neuoahf eâfËY«, VÇfËY« nr®¥gjhš eh‹
cUth»nw‹. eh‹ ÚÇš cŸs Û‹fis všyh« ghâ¡»nw‹. nkY«
mªÚiu eh‹ mR¤j¥gL¤Jtjhš mij FoÚuhfî« Ú§fŸ
ga‹gL¤j KoahJ. eh‹ vªjtif khRghL v‹W c§fS¡F¤
bjÇíkh ? eh‹jh‹ ..................khRghL.
Éil : Ú® khRghL
4. tašfËš bra‰if cu§fis ÉtrhÆfŸ mâf«
ga‹gL¤Jtjhš eh‹ cUth»nw‹. eh‹ k©Â‹ ju¤ij¡
Fiw¤J, mâš vªj¥ gÆiuí« tsuÉlhkš brŒ»nw‹. eh‹
vªjtif khRghL v‹W c§fS¡F¤ bjÇíkh ? eh‹jh‹
.................khRghL.
Éil : Ãy khRghL
www.nammakalvi.in
bry¡r‹ 6 r_f m¿Éaš 329 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
6 r_f m¿Éaš
_‹wh« gUt«
5 in 1
tuyhW
myF 1. g©il¡ fhy¤ jÄHf¤âš
r_fK«g©ghL« : r§f fhy«
rh‹WfŸ kdtiugl«
fšbt£L¡fŸ AâF«gh òfq® nguhiz
br¥ò¥ g£la§fŸ ntŸÉ¡Fo á‹dk}®
ehza§fŸ nru, nrhH, gh©oa®
Ãidî¢ á‹d« eLf‰fŸ
mfœthŒî Mâ¢r ešÿ®, mÇ¡fnkL
ïy¡»a« bjhšfh¥ãa«, v£L¤bjhif
mašeh£lt® bkf°jÅÌ‹ ï©ofh

F¿¥ò
fhy msî ».K. 3 M« ü‰wh©L Kjš

».ã. 3 M« ü‰wh©L tiu
jÄHf gu¥ò tl¡nf nt§fl« Kjš bj‰nf
f‹ÅahFkÇ tiu
fhy« ïU«ò¡ fhy«
muRKiw Koah£á
M£á òÇªj nru®, nrhH®, gh©oa®

murt«r§fŸ
gÆ‰á
I. rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®î brŒf.
1. jÄHf¤âš g¤âÅ tÊgh£il m¿Kf« brŒjt® ..............
m) gh©oa‹ beLŠbrÊa‹ M) nru‹ br§F£Lt‹
ï) ïs§nfh mofŸ <) Kl¤âUkhw‹
Éil :M) nru‹ br§F£Lt‹
www.nammakalvi.in
2.Ñœ¡fhQ« mur t«r§fËš vJ r§f fhy¤âš M£á

mâfhu¤âš ïšiy
m) gh©oa® M) nrhH®
ï) gšyt® <) nru® Éil : ï) gšyt®
3. gh©oa® M£á¡F¥ ã‹ M£á¡F tªnjh®.....................Mt®.
m) rhjthfd®fŸ M) nrhH®fŸ
ï) fs¥ãu®fŸ <) gšyt®fŸ Éil : ï) fs¥ãu®fŸ
4. r§f fhy Ã®thf KiwÆš Äf¢ á¿a Ã®thf mik¥ò..............
m) k©ly« M) ehL
ï) C® <) g£od« Éil : ï) C®
5. F¿Šá Ãy¥gFâÆš thœªj k¡fË‹ bjhÊš ahJ?
m) bfhŸisao¤jš M)MÃiu nkŒ¤jš
ï) nt£ilahLjš k‰W« nrfÇ¤jš <) ntsh©ik
Éil : ï) nt£ilahLjš k‰W« nrfÇ¤jš
II. T‰iw thá¡fî«, rÇahd Éilia ( ) brŒaî«.

1. T‰W: òyt®fË‹ FGk« r§f« vd m¿a¥g£lJ.
fhuz« : r§f ïy¡»a§fË‹ bkhÊ jÄHhF«.
m. T‰W« fhuzK« rÇ. fhuz« T‰W¡fhd rÇahd És¡f« MF«.
M. T‰W« fhuzK« rÇ. fhuz« T‰W¡fhd rÇahd És¡fkšy.
ï. T‰W rÇ; fhuz« jtW.
<. T‰W« fhuzK« jtwhdit.
Éil : m) T‰W« fhuzK« rÇ. fhuz« T‰W¡fhd rÇahd
És¡f« MF«.
2. ÑœfhQ« T‰WfËš vit c©ikahdit mšy ?
1. fÇfhy‹ jiyahy§fhd« nghÇš bt‰¿ bg‰wh‹.
2. gâ‰W¥g¤J nru mur®fŸ g‰¿a Étu§fis tH§F»‹wd.
3. r§f fhy¤ij¢ nr®ªj giHikahd ïy¡»a§fŸ
bgU«ghY« ciueilÆš vGj¥g£ld.
m. '1' k£L«
M. '1 k‰W« 3' k£L«
ï. '2' k£L«
Éil : M. '1 k‰W« 3' k£L«
3. g©il¡fhy¤ jÄHf¤â‹ Ã®thf¥ ãÇîfŸ VWtÇirÆš
ï›thW mikªâUªjJ.
m. C® < ehL < T‰w« < k©ly«
M. C® < T‰w« < ehL < k©ly«
ï. C® < k©ly« < T‰w« < ehL
<. ehL < T‰w« < k©ly« < C®
Éil : M) C® < T‰w« < ehL < k©ly«
www.nammakalvi.in
4. murt«r§fisí« mur K¤âiufisí« bghU¤Jf.

m. nru® - 1. Û‹
M. nrhH® - 2. òÈ
ï. gh©oa® - 3. Éš, m«ò
m) 3, 2, 1 M) 1,2,3 ï) 3,1,2 <) 2,1,3
Éil : m) 3,2,1
III. nfho£l ïl§fis Ãu¥òf.

1. bt©Â nghÇš bt‰¿ bg‰wJ................................
Éil : fÇfhš tst‹
2. r§f fhy¤J Äf¥gHikahd jÄœ ïy¡fz üš............................
Éil : bjhšfh¥ãa«
3. fhÉÇah‰¿‹ FW¡nf fšyizia..................................f£odh®.
Éil : fÇfhy‹
4. gil¤ jiyt®....................vd miH¡f¥g£lh®.
Éil : jhid¤ jiyt‹
5. Ãy tÇ.........................vd miH¡f¥g£lJ.
Éil : ïiw
IV. rÇah / jtwh

1. r§f fhy¤âš ghlšfis¥ ghLnth® ïUs® vd miH¡f¥g£ld®.
Éil : jtW
2. rhâKiw r§f fhy¤âš ts®¢á bg‰wJ.
Éil : jtW
3. »Hh® v‹gt® »uhk¤â‹ jiyt® Mth®.
Éil : rÇ
4. òfh® v‹gJ efu§fË‹ bghJthd bga® MF«.
Éil : jtW
5. fl‰fiu¥ gFâfŸ kUj« vd miH¡f¥g£ld.
Éil : jtW
V. bghU¤Jf.
m. bj‹d® - nru®
M. thdt® - nrhH®
ï. br‹Å - ntË®
<. mâakh‹ - gh©oa®
Éil :
m. bj‹d® - gh©oa®
M. thdt® - nru®
ï. br‹Å - nrhH®
<. mâakh‹ - ntË®
www.nammakalvi.in
VI. XÇU th¡»a§fËš ÉilaË¡fî«.

1. g©il¡fhy¤ jÄHf¤â‹ tuyh‰iw kWf£Lkhd« brŒa
cjî« ïU ïy¡»a¢ rh‹WfË‹ bga®fis¡ F¿¥ãLf.
1. bjhšfh¥ãa«, 2. v£L¤ bjhif
2. eLfš mšyJ åu¡fš v‹whš v‹d?
H g©il¡fhy¤ jÄH®fŸ ngh®fs¤âš kuzK‰w åu®fŸ nkš
bgU« kÇahij bfh©oUªjd®.
H nghÇš kuzkilªj åuÅ‹ Ãidit¥ ngh‰Wtj‰fhf eLf‰fŸ
el¥g£ld.
H m¡fš eLfš mšyJ åu¡fš vd¥gL«.
3. r§f ïy¡»a§fËš F¿¥ãl¥g£LŸs IªJ âizfË‹

bga®fis¡ F¿¥ãLf.
1. F¿Šá
2. Kšiy
3. kUj«
4. beŒjš
5. ghiy
4. r§f fhy¤njhL bjhl®òila ïU bjhšÈaš MŒÉl§fis¡
F¿¥ãLf.
1. Mâ¢rešÿ®, 2. mÇ¡fnkL
5. filbaG tŸsšfË‹ bga®fis¡ F¿¥ãLf.
filbaG tŸsšfŸ :
1. ghÇ 2. fhÇ 3. XÇ 4. ngf‹ 5. MŒ 6. mâakh‹ 7. eŸË
6. fs¥ãu® fhy¤ij¢ nr®ªj VnjD« _‹W jÄœ
ïy¡»a§fË‹ bga®fis¡ F¿¥ãLf.
1. ah¥bgU§fy« 2. Ótf áªjhkÂ 3. F©lynfá
VII. Ñœ¡ fh©gj‰F ÉilaË¡fî«.
1. r§f fhy¤âš bg©fË‹ Ãiy F¿¤J Éthâ¡fî«.
H r_f thœÉš bg©fS¡F¡ f£L¥ghLfŸ ïšiy.
H f‰w¿ªj m¿î¡ T®ikíila bg©fŸ ïUªjd®.
H eh‰gJ bg©òyt®fŸ thœªJ mÇa üšfis bfhL¤J¢
br‹WŸsd®.
H âUkz« brhªj ÉU¥g¤ij rh®ªJ mikªâUªjJ.
H ‘f‰ò’ bg©fË‹ Äf¢ áwªj xG¡fkhf¡ fUj¥g£lJ.
H bg‰nwhÇ‹ brh¤J¡fËš kfD«, kfS« rkkhd g§if¥
bg‰¿Uªjd®.
www.nammakalvi.in
VIII. ca® áªjid Édh¡fŸ .

1. fÇfhš tst‹ Äf¢ áwªj nrhH murdhf¡ fUj¥gL»wh‹ :
ÃWîf
H nrhH mur®fËš Äfî« òfœ bg‰wt® fÇfhš tst‹ Mth®.
H mt® nru®, gh©oa® k‰W« mt®fis MjÇ¤j gâbdh‹W ntË®
jiyt®fË‹ T£L¥gilia bt©Â vD« á‰ùÇš
njh‰fo¤jh®.
H mt® fhLfis ÉisÃy§fshf kh‰¿dh®.
H ntsh©ikia nk«gL¤Jtj‰fhf¡ fhÉÇ M‰¿‹ FW¡nf
fšyizia¡ f£odh®.
H nrhH®fË‹ JiwKfkhd òfh® ïªâa¥ bgU§flÈ‹ gy
gFâfËÈUªJ tÂf®fis mj‹ghš <®¤jJ.
H g£od¥ghiy vD« gâbd© Ñœ¡fz¡if¢ nr®ªj üš, fÇfhš
tst‹ M£áÆ‹ nghJ m§F eilbg‰w tÂf elto¡iffŸ
g‰¿a ÉÇthd brŒâfis tH§F»wJ.
2. fs¥ãu®fË‹ fhy« ïU©l fhy« mšy, fhuz§fŸ jUf.

H fs¥ãu®fŸ jÄHf¤ij¡ if¥g‰¿ ïu©liu ü‰wh©LfŸ
M£á brŒjd®.
H mt®fË‹ M£á F¿¤J ïy¡»a§fËš rh‹WfŸ cŸsd.
ïy¡»a¢ rh‹WfŸ, jÄœ ehty® rÇij, ah¥bgU§fy«,
bgÇaòuhz« M»at‰iw cŸsl¡»ajhF«.
H Ótf áªjhkÂ, F©lynfá M»a ïu©L« ï¡fhy¤âš
vGj¥g£litfshF«.
H jÄHf¤âš bgs¤jK«, rkzK« K¡»a¤Jt« bg‰w fhy« mJ.
H rk°»Uj«, ãuh»Uj« M»a, bkhÊfË‹ m¿Kf¤jhš
t£blG¤J v‹D« òâa vG¤JKiw cUthdJ.
H gâbd© Ñœ fz¡if¢ nr®ªj gy üšfŸ ïa‰w¥g£ld.
H ï¡fhy¤âš tÂfK« t®¤jfK« bjhl®ªJ brÊ¤njh§»d.
H vdnt fs¥ãu® fhykhdJ bghJthf¢ á¤jÇ¡f¥g£lij¥
ngh‹W ïU©l fhy« mšy.
www.nammakalvi.in
IX. tiugl«.
1. bj‹Åªâa MWfŸ tiugl¤âš nru, nrhH, gh©oa
muRfË‹ všiyfis¡ F¿¤J, t®z« Ô£lî«.
( nrhH® )
®)
oa
h©
(g
(n
ru
®)
www.nammakalvi.in
2. Ñœ¡fhQ« ïl§fis¡ F¿¡fî« :

m. bfh‰if M. fhÉÇ¥ó«g£od« ï. Ká¿
<. ciwô® c. kJiu
ciwô®
Ká¿ fhÉÇó« g£od«
iu
kJ
( bfh‰if )
www.nammakalvi.in
X. thœ¡if¤ âw‹
1. gštif Ãy¥gu¥ò¡ fh£á¥ gl§fis¢ nrfÇ¤J, x£o, mit
vªj¤ âiz¥ gFâia¢ nr®ªjit v‹gij¡ f©Lão¡fî«.
m§F Éisí« K¡»a¥ gÆ®fŸ, thG« k¡fË‹ bjhÊš
M»ait g‰¿ vGjî«.
kiyí« kiy rh®ªj ïlK«

F¿Šá F¿Šá :
Éisí« gÆ®fŸ : F¿Šá¥ ó¡fŸ , âiz

bjhÊš : nt£ilahLjš , âiz gÆÇLjš ,
nj‹ nrfÇ¤jš
Kšiy :
Éisí« gÆ®fŸ : njÆiy, gH§fŸ

bjhÊš : MÃiu nkŒ¤jš
fhL« fhL rh®ªj ïlK«
Kšiy
kUj« :
Éisí« gÆ®fŸ : beš, fU«ò

bjhÊš : ntsh©ik
taY« taš rh®ªj ïlK«
kUj«
beŒjš :
flY« flš rh®ªj ïlK«
beŒjš Éisí« gÆ®fŸ : bj‹id ku«
bjhÊš : Û‹ ão¤jš, c¥ò c‰g¤â
kzY« kzš rh®ªj ïlK«

ghiy
ghiy :
Éisí« gÆ®fŸ : gÆ®fŸ Éistâšiy

bjhÊš : åu¢ brašfŸ
www.nammakalvi.in
XI. f£lf Édh¡fŸ
murU¡F cjÉa ïu©L r§f fhy¤J bg©gh‰

gHªjÄœ¡ fh¥ãa§fŸ FG¡fË‹ bga®fis¡ òyt®fŸ ïUtÇ‹
ïu©oid¡ F¿¥ãLf. F¿¥ãLf. bga®fis¡ TW.
Éil : Éil : Éil :
áy¥gâfhu« v©nguha« m›itah®,
kÂnkfiy I«bgU§FG fh¡if¥ ghoÅah®
r§f fhy¤J _‹W

K¡»a¤ JiwKf§fË‹ K¤jÄÊš vit všyh«
áy¥gâfhu«...........................
bga®fis vGJf. ml§F« ?
Mš vGj¥g£lJ.
Éil : Éil :
Éil : ïs§nfhtofŸ
Ká¿, bjh©o, ïaš, ïir, ehlf«
bfh‰if
JiwKf§fËš ïUªj
vªj¥ gh©oa murndhL xËÉs¡F¡ nfhòu§fŸ
vªj¤âiz bk‹òy«
jiyahy§fhd« .................................
v‹wiH¡f¥g£lJ ?
bjhl®òilaJ? vd miH¡f¥g£ld.
Éil kUj«
Éil : beLŠbrÊa‹ Éil :
fy§fiu ïy§FRl®

I. rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®î brŒf.
1. nru ehza§fËš ...............á‹d« bgh¿¡f¥g£LŸsd.
m) òÈ M) ïu©L Û‹fŸ ï) Éš m«ò <) jhkiu
Éil : ï) Éš m«ò
2. ..................üš, fÇfhyÅ‹ M£áÆ‹ nghJ eilbg‰w tÂf
elto¡iffŸ g‰¿a ÉÇthd brŒâfis tH§F»wJ.
m) gâbd© Ñœ¡fz¡F M) v£L¤ bjhif
ï) áy¥gâfhu« <) kÂnkfiy
Éil : m) gâbd© Ñœ¡fz¡F
3. gh©oa ehL ......................òfœ bg‰wjhF«.
m) Û‹ ão¤jš M) ntsh©ik
ï) nt£ilahLjš <) K¤J¡FË¥ò¡F
Éil : <) K¤J¡FË¥ò¡F
4. ghiy k¡fË‹ flîŸ...............................
m) KUf‹ M) ïªâu‹ ï) tUz‹ <) bfh‰wit
Éil : <) bfh‰wit
5.nuh« eh£il¢ nr®ªj _¤j ãËÅ vGâa üš............................
m) ïa‰if tuyhW M) ï©ofh
ï) fl‰gaz« <) òJ cyf«
Éil : <) òJ cyf«
6 j.Û. _‹ 5 in 1 - 22
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òÉÆaš
myF 1. Máah k‰W« Inuh¥gh
kdtiugl«
Máah Inuh¥gh
Äf¥bgÇa f©l« á¿a f©l«
gutš gutš
34 51' t Kjš
o
10 11' bj Kjš
o
81 o 12' m£r« tiu 81 o 47' t m£r« tiu

mikÉl« mikÉl«
»H¡F miu¡nfhs« òÉÆ‹ ika¥gFâ
ãÇ¡F« Ú®¢rªâ ãÇ¡F« Ú®¢rªâ

ngÇ§ Í¥uhšl® Ú®¢rªâ
Ôgf‰g§fŸ Ôgf‰g§fŸ
mnuãah, ïªnjh-Ódh, °fh©oneÉa‹,
ïªâah, bfhÇah IÕÇa‹, ï¤jhÈ, ghšf‹
fl¥gJ fl¥gJ
ÃyeL¡nfhL, flfnuif, M®o¡ t£l«
M®o¡ t£l«
nfhil¡fhy kiH FË®fhy kiH
bj‰F Máah bj‰F Inuh¥gh
ghiytd§fŸ ghiytd§fŸ
bt¥g k‰W« FË® ïšiy
fÅk« fÅk«
mâf« Fiwî
gÆ®fŸ gÆ®fŸ
njÆiy, u¥g®, á£u°, MÈ›, âuh£ir
ngß¢r«gH«
bjhÊš bjhÊš
KjšÃiy ïu©lh« k‰W«
_‹wh« Ãiy
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gÆ‰áfŸ
I. rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¤J vGJf.
1. MáahÉ‹ nk‰F všiyÆš ïšyhjJ vJ?
(m) fU§flš (M) k¤âa jiu¡flš
(ï) br§flš (<) muã¡flš Éil : (<) muã¡flš
2. všg®° k‰W« #h¡nuh° ïilÆš mikªJŸs kiyÆil¥
ÕlóÄ
(m) âbg¤ (M) <uh‹
(ï) j¡fhz« (<) ídh‹ Éil : (M) <uh‹
3. ÃyeL¡nfh£L¡ fhyÃiy v‹gJ
(i) M©L KGtJ« xnu khâÇahf ïU¡F«.
(ii) ruhrÇ kiHasî 200 Ä.Û MF«.
(iii) ruhrÇ bt¥giy 10oCMF«.
nk‰f©l T‰WfËš
(m) (i) k£L« rÇ (M) (ii) k‰W« (iii) rÇ
(ï) (i) k‰W« (iii) rÇ (<) (i) k‰W« (ii) rÇ Éil : (m) (i) k£L« rÇ
4. g£oaš I I g£oaš II cl‹ bghU¤â, ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs
F¿pLfis¡ bfh©L rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL.
g£oaš I g£oaš II
A. knyáah 1. m¤â
B. jhŒyhªJ 2. u¥g®
C. bfhÇah 3. nj¡F
D. ï°nuš 4. br®Ç
F¿pLfŸ
A B C D
m) 2 3 4 1
M) 4 3 2 1
ï) 4 3 1 2
<) 2 3 1 4 Éil : A B C D
m) 2 3 4 1
5. ïªâah ................. c‰g¤âÆš K‹dÂ t»¡»‹wJ.
(m) J¤jehf« (M) ik¡fh
(ï) kh§fÜR (<) Ãy¡fÇ Éil : (M) ik¡fh
6. °bgÆ‹ k‰W« ãuh‹°¡F ïilÆš ïa‰ifahfnt
mikªJŸs všiy
(m) Mš¥° (M) iguÜ°
(ï) fh®nghâa‹ (<) fhf[° Éil : (M) iguÜ°
7."Inuh¥ghÉ‹ nk‰F k‰W« tlnk‰F gFâÆš Äjkhd k‰W«
<u¥gjkhd fhyÃiy Ãyî»wJ" rÇahd bjÇÉid¤ nj®î brŒf.
(m) ïªj¥ gFâfŸ ÃyeL¡nfh£o‰F mU»š mikªJŸsJ.
(M) ï¥gFâfŸ tl m£yh©o¡ bt¥g Únuh£l¤âdhš
ghâ¡f¥gL»‹wd.
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(ï) ï¥gFâfis¢ R‰¿ kiyfŸ fhz¥gL»‹wd.

(<) nk‰f©l mid¤J« rÇ.
Éil : (M) ï¥gFâfŸ tl m£yh©o¡ bt¥g
Únuh£l¤âdhš ghâ¡f¥gL»‹wd
8. Ñœ¡f©lt‰WŸ vJ jtwhd T‰W vJ?
(m) Inuh¥gh Ä‹r¡âia mâfmsÉš c‰g¤â brŒ»wJ.
(M) Inuh¥ghÉ‹ mid¤J MWfS« Mš¥° kiyÆš
c‰g¤âah»‹wd.
(ï) Inuh¥ghÉ‹ bgU«ghyhd MWfŸ cŸeh£L Ú®tÊ¥
ngh¡Ftu¤â‰F¥ ga‹gL»‹wd.
(<) Inuh¥ghÉ‹ MWfŸ t‰whj MWfshF«.
Éil : (M) Inuh¥ghÉ‹ mid¤J MWfS« Mš¥°
kiyÆš c‰g¤â M»‹wd.
9.bghUªjhj ïizia¡ f©l¿f.
(m) bk[lh - °bgÆ‹
(M) #]uh - ãuh‹°
(ï) bg‹Å‹° - ï¤jhÈ
(<) fU§fhLfŸ - b#®kÅ Éil :(ï) bg‹Å‹° - ï¤jhÈ
10. Inuh¥ghÉš Äf¡ Fiwthd k¡fsl®¤âia¡ bfh©l ehL
vJ?
(m) I°yhªJ (M) bej®yhªJ
(ï) nghyªJ (<) RÉ£r®yhªJ Éil : (m) I°yhªJ

1. jhu° k‰W« ngh‹o¡ kiy¤bjhl®fŸ ............... Ko¢áÈUªJ
ãÇ¡»‹wJ. Éil : M®ÛÅa‹
2. cy»‹ Äf <u¥gjkhd ïl« ................... Éil : bksá‹uh«
3. cy»nyna .................... c‰g¤âÆš <uh‹ K‹ÅiyÆš cŸsJ.
Éil : ngß¢r«gH«
4. Inuh¥ghití«, bj‰F k‰W« bj‹»H¡F Máahití«
ïiz¡F« flštÊ .................... Éil : Na° fhšthŒtÊ
5. ãÈ¥ig‹° eh£o‹ njáa eld«..................... Éil : oÅ¡È§
6. Inuh¥ghÉ‹ ïu©lhtJ caukhd áfu« ....................
Éil : kh©£ ãsh§¡
7. Inuh¥ghÉ‹ k¤âa k‰W« »H¡F gFâÆš Ãyî« fhyÃiy
................
Éil : f©lfhyÃiy
8. tlflÈš cŸs K¡»a Û‹ão¤js«....................
Éil : lhf® gh§¡°
9. Inuh¥ghÉ‹ k¡fsl®¤â...................
Éil : xU rJu »nyhÛ£lU¡F 34 eg®fŸ
10. .................... MW Inuh¥ghÉš cŸs x‹gJ ehLfis¡ flªJ
brš»‹wJ. Éil : lh‹ô¥
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III. bghU¤Jf.
1. bkrgnlhÄah rkbtË - mâf kiH
2. bksá‹uh« - eh®nt
3. mÇá¡ »©z« - °bgÆ‹
4. ~ãah®L fl‰fiu - ô¥uO° & il¡Ç°
5. vUJ¢ r©il - jhŒyhªJ
Éil :
1. bkrgnlhÄah rkbtË - ô¥uO° & il¡Ç°
2. bksá‹uh« - mâf kiH
3. mÇá¡ »©z« - jhŒyhªJ
4. ~ãah®L fl‰fiu - eh®nt
5. vUJ¢ r©il - °bgÆ‹
IV. nkY« f‰fyh«.

1. T‰W(A): ï¤jhÈ, tw©l nfhil fhy¤ijí«, FË®fhy
kiHiaí« bg‰WŸsJ.
fhuz« (R): ïJ k¤âa jiu¡flš gFâÆš mikªJŸsJ.
m) (A) k‰W« (R) ïu©L« rÇ. nkY« (R) v‹gJ (A)É‰F rÇahd
És¡f« MF«.
M) (A) k‰W« (R) ïu©L« rÇ. nkY« (R) v‹gJ (A)É‰F rÇahd
És¡fkšy
ï) (A) rÇ, Mdhš (R) jtW
<) (A) jtW, Mdhš (R) rÇ
Éil : <) (A) jtW, Mdhš (R) rÇ
2. bfhL¡f¥g£l Máah tiugl¤âš F¿¡f¥g£LŸs 1, 2, 3

k‰W« 4 v‹gd Ñœ¡f©l rkbtËfis¡ F¿¡»‹wd.
A. áªJ - f§if rkbtË
B. kŠNÇa‹ rkbtË
C. bkrgnlhÄah rkbtË 3
D. Ód¢ rkbtË. 1
tiugl¤âš cŸs v©Ql‹ rkbtËfis¥ 4
bghU¤â, ã‹ ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£l F¿p£il¥ 2
ga‹gL¤â rÇahd gâiy¤ nj®ªbjL¡fî«.
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F¿pLfŸ
A B C D
m) 2 1 4 3
M) 2 1 3 4
ï) 1 2 3 4
<) 1 4 3 2
A B C D
Éil : M) 2 1 3 4
2. bfhL¡f¥g£LŸs Máah tiugl¤âš

ÃHÈl¥g£l gFâÆš Éisí« gÆ®tif.
m) fU«ò
M) ngß¢r« gH«
ï) u¥g®
<) rzš
Éil : M) ngß¢r« gH«
V. RU¡fkhf ÉilaË :
1. MáahÉš cŸs K¡»a kiyÆil¥ ÕlóÄfË‹ bga®fis¡
F¿¥ãLf.
MáahÉš cŸs K¡»a kiyÆil¥ ÕlóÄfŸ :
1. mdnlhÈa ÕlóÄ ( ngh‹il‹ - lhu° kiy)
2. <uh‹ ÕlóÄ (všg®° - #h¡nuh°)
3. âbg¤âa ÕlóÄ (F‹Y‹ - ïka kiy)
2. "kh‹N‹ fhyÃiy" g‰¿¢ RU¡fkhf vGJf.

¬ X® M©oš xU F¿¥ã£l gUt¤âš ne® vâ® âirfËš åR«
gUt¡ fh‰WfŸ kh‹N‹ fhyÃiy vd¥gL«.
¬ nfhil¡fhy¥ gUtkiH¡ fh‰WfŸ ïªâah, t§fhsnjr«,
ïªnjh-Ódh, ãÈ¥ig‹° k‰W« bj‰F Ódh M»a ïl§fS¡F
mâf kiH¥bghÊit¤ jU»‹wd.
3. Ãy¤njh‰w§fŸ MáahÉ‹ k¡fŸ bjhif gutiy v›thW

ghâ¡»‹wJ?
¬ M‰W¢ rkbtËfŸ mâf k¡fŸ bjhif gutiy
mâfÇ¡»‹wJ.
¬ ghiytd¥gFâfŸ mâf k¡fŸ bjhif gutiy ghâ¡»‹wJ.
6 j.Û. _‹ 5 in 1 - 24
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4. MáahÉš fhz¥gL« K¡»a JiwKf§fË‹ bga®fis¡

F¿¥ãLf.
MáahÉš fhz¥gL« K¡»a JiwKf§fË‹ bga®fŸ :
1. nlh¡»nah 5. br‹id
2. õ§fhŒ 6. K«ig
3. á§f¥ó® 7. fuh¢á
4. Ah§fh§ 8. JghŒ
5." ntWghLfË‹ Ãy« Máah" - Ã%ã

¬ cy»‹ Äf¥bgÇa f©l« MáahthF«.
¬ mJ kiyfŸ, ÕlóÄfŸ, rkbtËfŸ, gŸs¤jh¡FfŸ,
ÉÇFlh¡fŸ, ÔîfŸ ngh‹w gšntWg£l Ãy¤ njh‰w§fis¡
bfh©lJ.
¬ ÃyeL¡nfh£oÈUªJ JUt¥ gFâ tiu gšntW fhyÃiyfis
cŸsl¡»aJ.
¬ gy ïd§fŸ, bkhÊfŸ, rka§fŸ k‰W« fyh¢rhu§fis¥
ã‹g‰W« k¡fŸ thG« ïlkhf¤ âfœ»‹wJ.
¬ vdnt Máah f©l«, "ntWghLfË‹ Ãy«" vd
miH¡f¥gL»‹wJ.
6. Mšig‹ kiy¤bjhlÇš cŸs K¡»a kiyfŸ ahit?

Mšig‹ kiy¤bjhlÇš cŸs K¡»a kiyfŸ :
1. áahuh bentlh 5. odhÇ¡ Mš¥°
2. igÇÜ° 6. fhfr°
3. Mš¥° 7. fh®nghâa‹
4. m¥Å‹°
7. Inuh¥ghÉ‹ K¡»a MWfŸ ahit ?

Inuh¥ghÉ‹ K¡»a MWfŸ :
1. nthšfh 5. nuh‹
2. lh‹ô¥ 6. ngh
3. Ú¥g® 7. nj«°
4. iu‹
8. Inuh¥ghÉš k¤âa jiu¡flš fhyÃiyia¡ bfh©l

ehLfË‹ bga®fŸ áyt‰iw¡ TWf.
Inuh¥ghÉš k¤âa jiu¡flš fhyÃiyia¡ bfh©l
ehLfË‹ bga®fŸ :
1. °bgÆ‹ 2. ãuh‹°
3. ï¤jhÈ 4. RÉ¢r®yhªJ
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9. Inuh¥ghÉ‹ k¡fŸ bjhifia¥ g‰¿¢ áWF¿¥ò jUf.

¬ Máah, M¥ãÇ¡fhit¤ bjhl®ªJ cy»‹ _‹whtJ Äf mâf
k¡fŸ bjhifia¡ bfh©lJ Inuh¥gh MF«.
¬ 2018 M« M©oš 742 ÄšÈadhf ïUªj Inuh¥ghÉ‹ k¡fŸ
bjhif, cyf k¡fŸ bjhifÆš 9.73 rjÉ»jkhf¡ fhz¥g£lJ.
¬ Inuh¥ãa k¡fŸ ml®¤â xU rJu»nyhÛ£lU¡F 34 eg®fŸ
MF«.
10. Inuh¥ghÉš bfh©lhl¥gL« ÉHh¡fŸ áyt‰¿‹

bga®fis¡ F¿¥ãL.
Inuh¥ghÉš bfh©lhl¥gL« ÉHh¡fŸ :
¬ »¿°Jk° ¬ bul‹ nlh®
¬ <°l® ¬ nlhkh£odh
¬ òÅj btŸË ¬ fh®Åtš
¬ òÅj®fŸ ehŸ
VI. ntWgL¤Jf.
1. kiyÆil¥ ÕlóÄ k‰W« bj‹ ÕlóÄ
kiyÆil¥ ÕlóÄ bj‹ ÕlóÄ
kiyÆil¥ ÕlóÄfŸ ghÛ® bj‰F ÕlóÄfŸ, tl¡F
k‰W« M®ÛÅa‹ Ko¢áÈUªJ ÕlóÄfis¡ fh£oY«, cau«
ãÇªJ bršY« kiy¤bjhl® FiwªJ fhz¥gL»‹wd.
fËilna fhz¥gL»‹wd.
v.fh : mdnlhÈa ÕlóÄ, <uh‹ v.fh : mnuãa ÕlóÄ, j¡fhz
ÕlóÄ, âbg¤âa ÕlóÄ, ÕlóÄ, õh‹ ÕlóÄ, ídh‹
ÕlóÄ
2. bt¥g¥ ghiytd« k‰W« FË® ghiytd«

bt¥g¥ ghiytd« FË® ghiytd«
mnuãa (brsâ mnuÆh) k‰W« jh® nfhã k‰W« j¡yhk¡f‹
(ïªâah k‰W« gh»°jh‹) ghiytd§fŸ Äfî«
ghiytd§fŸ Äf bt¥gkhd FË®ªj ghiytd§fŸ
ghiytd§fŸMF«. MF«.
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3. öªâuh k‰W« ilfh.

öªâuh ilfh
M®o¡ k‰W« tl°fh©ondÉa öªâu¥ãunjr¤â‹ bj‰»š
ca®Ãy§fŸ öªâu tif ïa‰if¤ mikªJŸs eh®nt, Rål‹,
jhtu§fis¡ bfh©LŸsd ã‹yhªJ, b#®kÅ, nghyªJ
k‰W« M°âÇah M»a
ehLfËš CáÆiy mšyJ
ilfh fhLfŸ fhz¥
gL»‹wd
ï§FÈ¢r‹° k‰W« ghá tiffŸ ig‹, ~ã®, °ò%° k‰W«
fhz¥gL»‹wd. yh®¢ ngh‹w K¡»a ku
tiffŸ fhz¥gL»‹wd.
4. tlnk‰F nk£L Ãy« k‰W« Mšig‹ kiy¤bjhl®.

tlnk‰F nk£L Ãy« Mšig‹ kiy¤bjhl®
eh®nt, °ål‹, ã‹yhªJ, Mšig‹ kiy¤bjhl® bj‰F
°fh£yhªJ k‰W« I°yhªJ Inuh¥ãa gFâÆš fhz¥gL«
M»a ehLfË‹ kiyfŸ k‰W« bjhl®¢áahd ïs« ko¥ò
ÕlóÄfis cŸsl¡»aJ. kiyfŸ MF«.
ïJÄf mH»a ãsîg£l iguÜ° kiyfŸ °bgÆ‹
fl‰fiuÆid¡bfh©lJ. k‰W« ãuh‹° M»a ehLfS¡
»ilÆš ïa‰if všiyahf
És§F»‹wd.
VII. fhuz« jUf.

1. Máah, mÇá c‰g¤âÆš K‹dÂÆš cŸsJ.
¬ mâf kiH¥bghÊî, brGik thŒªj rkbtËfŸ k‰W«
kÅjts« M»at‰iw¥ bg‰¿U¥gjhš gUtkiH bgŒí« Máa¥
gFâfŸ beš Éisa V‰w gFâfshf¤ âfœ»‹wd.
2. Máah cy»‹ Äf¥bgÇa k‰W« mâf k¡fŸ bjhif bfh©l

f©lkhF«.
¬ gšntWg£l ïa‰if¡ TWfËdhš MáahÉ‹ k¡f£gutš
Óu‰W¡ fhz¥gL»‹wJ.
3. Inuh¥gh "Äf¥bgÇa Ôgf‰g« " vd miH¡f¥gL»wJ.

¬ Inuh¥gh tl¡nf M®o¡ bgU§flš,bj‰»š fU§flš k‰W«
k¤âa jiu¡flš, nk‰»š m£yh©o¡ bgU§flš k‰W« »H¡nf
ôuš kiyfŸ M»at‰whš NH¥g£LŸsJ.
¬ vdnt, ïJ xU Äf¥bgÇa Ôgf‰g« vd miH¡f¥gL»wJ.
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4. nk‰F Inuh¥ghthdJ ca® m£r¥ gFâÆš mikªâUªjhY«
Äjkhd fhyÃiyia¥ bg‰WŸsJ.
¬ tl m£yh©o¡ bt¥g¡flš Únuh£l« Inuh¥ghÉ‹ nk‰F¥
gFâ¡F Äjkhd bt¥g¤ij mË¡»‹wJ.
VIII. xU g¤â ÉilaË :

1. MáahÉ‹ tofhš mik¥ig¥ g‰¿ ÉtÇ.
MáahÉ‹ tofhš mik¥ò :
¬ MáahÉ‹ bgU«gh‹ikahd MWfŸ k¤âa ca®Ãy§fËš
njh‹W»‹wd.
¬ X¥, vÅá, nydh M»a K¡»a MWfŸ tl¡F neh¡»¥ ghŒªJ
M®o¡ bgU§flÈš fy¡»‹wd.
¬ ïit FË®fhy¤âš ciwªJ ÉL»‹wd.
¬ bj‰fháahÉš ghí« MWfshd ãu«kò¤âuh, áªJ, f§if,
Iuhtâ M»a t‰whj MWfŸ gÅgl®ªj ca®ªj kiyfËš
njh‹W»‹wd.
¬ ïit FË®fhy¤âš ciwtâšiy.
¬ ô¥uo° k‰W« il»Ç° MWfŸ nk‰W MáahÉš ghŒ»‹wd.
¬ m_®, nAhth§nfh, ah§á k‰W« Ûfh§ M»a MWfŸ
MáahÉ‹ bj‰F k‰W« bj‹»H¡F¥ gFâfËš ghŒ»‹wd.
¬ MáahÉ‹ Äf Úskhd MW ah§á MF«.
2. MáahÉš fhz¥gL« K¡»a jhJ¡fis¥ g‰¿ ÉtÇ.

MáahÉš fhz¥gL« K¡»a fÅk ts§fŸ :
1. ïU«ò¤ jhJ :
¬ Ódh, ïªâah, JU¡», ãÈ¥ig‹°, knyáah, jhŒyhªJ,
Äah‹k® k‰W« gy ehLfS« ïU«ò¤jhJ ts¤ij¡ bfh©LŸsd.
2. Ãy¡fÇ :
¬ MáahÉš Ódh k‰W« ïªâah mâfkhf Ãy¡fÇ c‰g¤â
brŒí« ehLfshf¤ âfœ»‹wd.
3. bg£nuhÈa« :
¬ brsâ mnuãah, Fit¤, <uh‹, gàiu‹, f¤jh® k‰W« I¡»a
mnuãa FoauR ngh‹wit bg£nuhÈa c‰g¤â brŒí« nk‰fháa
ehLfshF«.
¬ bj‰F Ódh, knyáah, ò%nd, ïªnjhndáah, ïªâah, uZah
M»a ehLfŸ bg£nuhÈa« c‰g¤â brŒí« k‰w ehLfshF«.
4. gh¡i[£ :
¬ ïªâah k‰W« ïªnjhndáah ehLfËš fhz¥gL»‹wJ.
5. ik¡fh :
¬ ïªâah cy»nyna mâf msÉš ik¡fhÉid c‰g¤â
brŒ»‹wJ.
www.nammakalvi.in
6. jfu« :
¬ Äah‹k®, jhŒyhªJ, knyáah k‰W« ïªnjhndáah M»a
ehLfËš jfu« fhz¥gL»‹wJ.
3. ãsîg£l fl‰fiu v‹whš v‹d? JiwKf§fis v›thW

mJ nkhrkhd fhyÃiyÆš ïUªJ ghJfh¡»‹wJ?
m) ~ãah®£ (ãsîg£l fl‰fiu) :
¬ br§F¤jhd ghiwfS¡»ilna (gÅah‰W¢ brašghLfË‹
fhuzkhf) cŸs FW»a, MHkhd fl‰fiu ãsîg£l fl‰fiu
vd¥gL«.
M) ãsîg£l fl‰fiu JiwKf§fis nkhrkhd fhyÃiyÆš
ïUªJ ã‹tU« tÊfËš ghJfh¡»wJ. mit,
¬ ïit fh‰W vâ®¤âirÆÈUªJ åádhY« mj‹ ntf¤ij¡
Fiw¡»wJ.
¬ flš miyfË‹ ntf¤ijí« ïit f£L¡FŸ it¡»‹wd.
4. Inuh¥ghÉ‹ fhyÃiy¥ ãÇîfis¥g‰¿ ÉtÇ.

¬ Inuh¥ãa fhyÃiy Äjbt¥gk©ly fhyÃiy Kjš, JUt
fhyÃiy tiu ntWg£L¡ fhz¥gL»‹wJ.
¬ Inuh¥ghÉ‹ bj‹gFâÆš fhz¥gL« k¤âa jiu¡flš gFâ
fhyÃiy Äjkhd nfhilfhyK«, FË®fhy kiHiaí«
bfh©ljhF«.
¬ tl m£yh©o¡ Únuh£l¤âdhš nk‰F k‰W« tlnk‰F
gFâfŸ bghJthf nyrhd, <u¥gj« thŒªj fhyÃiyia¡
bfh©oU¡F«.
¬ k¤âa k‰W« »H¡F Inuh¥ghÉ‹ fhyÃiy <u¥gj« thŒªj
f©lfhyÃiy MF«.
¬ Jiz JUt k‰W« öªâu¡ fhyÃiy tl»H¡»š
fhz¥gL»‹wJ.
¬ m£yh©o¡ bgU§flÈÈUªJ åR»‹w nk‰f¤âa fh‰WfË‹
Äjkhd jh¡f¤â‰F Inuh¥gh KGtJ« c£gL»‹wJ.
70º 20º 0º 20º 40º 60º 80º 100º 120º 140º 160º 180º 0º 60º
50º
VÇ.
Máah tl¡F
tl tl
nk‰F »H¡F
50º »H¡F
bj‹ bj‹
nk‰F »H¡F
hl®
bj‰F
j
40º
IX. gl¥gÆ‰á :
¤b
iy
šk
X¥
40º
ôu
igfhš
30º
Vuš
flš
bry¡r‹ 6 r_f m¿Éaš
30º nfhã ghiytd«
§ á 20º
ghÛ® ah
20º
375
ïk
ak
iy 10º
<uh‹
10º
ÕlóÄ
www.nammakalvi.in
0º
0º
j¡fhz«
Máah tiugl¤âš Ñœ¡f©l ïl§fis¡ F¿¡fî«.
10º
10º
120º 130º 140º

_‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1
30º 40º 50º 60º 70º 80º 90º 100º 110º

Ôgf‰g«, j¡fhz ÕlóÄ, ah§á MW, X¥ MW, Vuš flš k‰W« igfhš
Máah : ôuškiy, ïkakiy, ghÛ®, nfhã ghiytd«, mnuãa‹
www.nammakalvi.in

tiugl¤âš Ñœ¡f©l ïl§fis¡ F¿¡fî«.
Inuh¥gh : igßÅ°, fU§fhLfŸ, m¥bg‹Å°, A§nfÇa‹
rkbtË, fhf[° kiy, nthšfh MW, lhD¥ MW, Í¥uhšl® Ú®¢rªâ,
ynlhfh VÇ, tlflš.
40º
50º
»H¡F
80º
50º
»H¡F
»H¡F
bj‹
tl
tl¡F
bj‰F
nk‰F
nk‰F
bj‹
tl
nk‰F
70º
°
f[
40º
fh
60º
šfh
nth
50º
30º
yhnlhfh
VÇ
40º
30º
a‹
A§ btË
n fÇ
20º
20º
rk
10º
Inuh¥gh
¥ °
Å
‹ô g‹
nl ¥b
m
0º
10º
tl¡F
L
flš
§fh
10º
fU
°
uÜ
20º
ig 0º
Ú®¢rªâ
Í¥uhšl®
60º
50º
40º
www.nammakalvi.in
FoikÆaš
myF 1. k¡fsh£á
kdtiugl«
neuo k¡fsh£á ãuâÃâ¤Jt k¡fsh£á
(RÉ£r®yhªJ) (ïªâah, mbkÇ¡fh)
k¡fsh£á
murik¥ò¢ r£l« k¡fsh£áÆ‹ neh¡f«

(#dtÇ 26, 1950) (k¡fshš, k¡fS¡fhf,
k¡fns el¤J« M£á)
I. rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¡fî«.

1. MâkÅj‹ ............... gFâÆš Fona¿ Étrha« brŒa¤
bjhl§»dh‹.
(m) rkbtË (M) M‰nwhu«
(ï) kiy (<) F‹W Éil : (M) M‰nwhu«
2. k¡fsh£áÆ‹ ãw¥ãl« ...............
(m) Ódh (M) mbkÇ¡fh
(ï) »nu¡f« (<) nuh« Éil : (ï) »nu¡f«
3. cyf k¡fsh£á âd« ............... MF«.
(m) br¥l«g® 15 (M) m¡nlhg® 15
(ï) et«g® 15 (<) or«g® 15 Éil : (m) br¥l«g® 15
4. neuo k¡fsh£áÆš th¡fË¥gt® ...............
(m) M©fŸ (M) bg©fŸ
(ï) ãuâÃâfŸ (<) th¡fhs®fŸ Éil : (<) th¡fhs®fŸ
II. Ãu¥òf.
1. neuo k¡fsh£áia¢ brašgL¤J« ehL ...............
Éil : RÉ£r®yhªJ
2. k¡fsh£á¡fhd tiuaiwia tF¤jt® ...............
Éil : M¥ufh« È§f‹
3.k¡fŸ ............... mË¥gj‹ _y« j§fŸ ãuâÃâfis¤
nj®ªbjL¡»‹wd®. Éil : th¡F
4. e« eh£oš ............... k¡fsh£á brašgL»wJ.
Éil : ãuâÃâ¤Jt
www.nammakalvi.in
III. ÉilaË¡fî«.
1. k¡fsh£á v‹whš v‹d?
"k¡fshš k¡fS¡fhf k¡fns el¤J« M£á k¡fsh£á"
2. k¡fsh£áÆ‹ tiffŸ ahit?

1. neuo k¡fsh£á 2. ãuâÃâ¤Jt k¡fsh£á
3. neuo k¡fsh£á - tiuaW.

neuo k¡fsh£á : k¡fŸ neuoahf M£á KiwÆY«, r£l«
ïa‰W« mâfhuK« bg‰¿U¥gh®fŸ.
4. ãuâÃâ¤Jt k¡fsh£á - tiuaW.

ãuâÃâ¤Jt k¡fsh£á :
¬ k¡fŸ neuoahf g§F bgWtij ÉL¤J j§fŸ ãuâÃâfŸ
_y« g§F bgW»‹wd®.
¬ k¡fshš nj®ªbjL¡f¥g£l ãuâÃâfŸ murh§f¤ij
cUth¡» el¤Jt®.
5. e« murik¥ò¢ r£l¤â‹ áw¥òfshf Ú òÇªJ bfhŸtd

ahit?
¬ ïªâa® x›bthUtU¡F« Rjªâu«, rk¤Jt« k‰W« Úâ bgW«
cÇikia cWâ brŒJŸsJ.
¬ nkY« Fok¡fS¡fhd cÇikfŸ, flikfŸ k‰W« tÊfh£L
be¿Kiwfisí« Ã®za« brŒJŸsJ.
IV. ca®áªjid Édh.
1. neuo k¡fsh£á, ãuâÃâ¤Jt k¡fsh£á - x¥ÕL brŒJ,
ntWghLfis m¿aî«.
neuo k¡fsh£á ãuâÃâ¤Jt k¡fsh£á
k¡fŸ neuoahf M£áKiwÆš k¡fŸ neuoahf g§F bgWtij
g§nf‰g®. ÉL¤J j§fŸ ãuâÃâfŸ
v.fh : g©ila »nu¡f« _y« g§F bgW»‹wd®.
v.fh: ïªâah, mbkÇ¡fh.
k¡fshš nj®ªbjL¡f¥g£l
ãuâÃâfŸ murh§f¤ij
cUth¡» el¤Jt®.
k¡fns r£l« ïa‰W« mâfhu« mâfhu« jiytÇl«

bg‰¿U¥gh®fŸ. FÉªâU¡fhJ.
khwhf m›tâfhu« xU
FGÉl«jh‹ ïU¡F«.
www.nammakalvi.in
V. brašghLfŸ :
1. c§fŸ bjhFâ ãuâÃâfË‹ bga®fis¡ nf£l¿ªJ
vGjî«.
m) ehlhSk‹w cW¥ãd®
M) r£lk‹w cW¥ãd®
ï) cŸsh£á cW¥ãd®
¬ brašghLfŸ : khzt®fŸ jh§fshfnt j§fŸ bjhFâ
ãuâÃâfË‹ bga®fis¡ nf£l¿jš nt©L«.

I. rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¡fî«.
1. ............... murik¥ò¢ r£l«jh‹ cy»š vGj¥g£l murik¥ò¢
r£l§fËnyna Äf¥ bgÇaJ.
(m) fdlh (M) Ódh
(ï) ïy§if (<) ïªâah Éil : (<) ïªâah
2. ekJ "murik¥ò¢ r£l¤ij cUth¡»a Kj‹ik
totik¥ghsuhf¡ .............. fUj¥gL»wh® ".
(m) g©oj neU (M) kfh¤kh fhªâ
(ï) lh¡l® ã.M®.m«ng¤fh®
(<) ïuhn#ªâu ãurh¤ Éil : (ï) lh¡l® ã.M®.m«ng¤fh®
3. cy»nyna Kj‹KjÈš bg©fS¡F X£LÇik mË¤j ehL
...............
(m) mbkÇ¡fh (M) #¥gh‹
(ï) ïªâah (<)ÃôÌyhªJ Éil : (<)ÃôÌyhªJ
II. FW»a ÉilaË :

1. k¡fsh£á KiwÆ‹ Ãiw, Fiwfis Éthâ¡fî«.
ÃiwfŸ :
¬ bghW¥ò«, gâyË¡F« flikí« bfh©l murh§f«
¬ rk¤JtK«, rnfhju¤JtK«
¬ jy Ra M£á
¬ k¡fŸ ïiwah©ik
¬ k¡fËilna bghW¥òz®¢á
FiwfŸ :
¬ ãuâÃâ¤Jt Kiw bfh©l k¡fsh£á
¬ Fiwªj th¡F¥ gâî
¬ Ãiya‰w murh§f«
¬ KobtL¡F« KiwÆš fhyjhkj«
www.nammakalvi.in
v§fŸ btËpLfŸ :
3,4,5,6,7,8 - tF¥òfS¡F
5 in 1 ( TM & EM )
6,7,8,9,10 - tF¥òfS¡F
jÄœ, M§»y«
K¥gUt«
6,7,8,9,10 - tF¥òfS¡F
fz¡F, m¿Éaš, r_f m¿Éaš
K¥gUt« - ( TM & EM )
(6,7,8) (9,10) - tF¥òfS¡F
jÄœ f£Liu¡ fÅfŸ
10 & 12 - tF¥òfS¡F
Édh t§» ( TM & EM )
m‹ò Ãiya«
kJiu - 625001

Namma Kalvi 6th Standard 5 in 1 Selection Guide TM Term 3 218554

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Namma Kalvi 6th Standard 5 in 1 Selection Guide TM Term 3 218554

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www.nammakalvi.

bry¡r‹ 6 bghUsl¡f« 2 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

2 mw«,j¤Jt«, 2.1 guhgu¡ f©Â* 32

3 kÅj«, 3.1 Máa n#hâ 63

bry¡r‹ 6 bghUsl¡f« 3 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 4 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

ghuj« m‹iwa eh‰w§fhš

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 5 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

2. všyhU« ï‹ò‰W ïU¡f Ãid¥gJnt

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 6 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

Mil nkyhil fhZÛ® ky®fŸ á‰g§fŸ

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 7 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 8 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

Éil : nkhid¢ brh‰fŸ :

2. ïªâahÉ‹ nk‰F, »H¡F M»a âirfis ïiz¤J¡

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 9 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

«gUt¤ânyna e« eh£L Rjªâu¤â‰F nghuhoajhšjh‹ eh«

rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¤J vGJf

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 10 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

2. jhuhghuâ ïa‰¿a üšfis¡ F¿¥ãLf.

2. fhËjhr® vGâa üšfŸ ahit ?

bjŒt tŸSt‹ beŒj FwŸjh‹

fhË jhrÅ‹ njÅir¥ ghlšfŸ

f‹Å¡ FkÇÆ‹ Tªj Y¡fhf¡

òšbtË bašyh« ó¡fh lh»¥

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 11 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

m‹id eh£o‹ mKj RuãÆš

òJikfŸ brŒj njrÄJ

2.eh£L K‹nd‰w¤âš e« g§F" v‹D« jiy¥ãš ngRf.

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 12 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

ghuâah® jÄœehL Ûdh£á Í.í.ngh¥ c.nt.rhÄehj®

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 13 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

brh‰bwhlÇš mik¤J vGJf.

2. fhªâaofS¡F¤ jÄœ f‰F« M®t¤ij V‰gL¤âa Ãfœit¡

2. fhªâaofS¡F« jÄG¡F« cŸs bjhl®ãid vGJf.

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 14 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¤J vGJf.

2. fhªâaofŸ jÄœeh£o‰F tªj M©L

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 15 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

nfho£l ïl¤ij Ãu¥òf.

1. fhªâaofË‹ bgh‹bkhÊfis¤ âu£Lf.

2. fhªâaofŸ el¤âa mwtÊ¥ nghuh£l§fË‹ bga®fis¤

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 16 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

jh©ltuha‹ bgÇakUJ á‹dkUJ FÆÈ Ij® mÈ

2. ntYeh¢áah® átf§ifia Û£l Ãfœit¢ RU¡fkhf vGJf.

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 17 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

«Miz¥go nfh£il¡FŸ br‹wd®.

nfho£l ïl¤ij Ãu¥òf.

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 18 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

mik¢r® jh©ltuha® : "ftiy¥glhÔ®fŸ muáahnu, eh«

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 19 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 20 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

gil cŸns EiHa£L«.

bga®¢brhš Éid¢brhš ïil¢brhš cÇ¢brhš

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 21 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

3. m) br‹wh‹ M) tªj ï) á¤âiu <) elªj

2. brh‰fË‹ tiffis vGJf.

3. bgaiuí« Éidiaí« rh®ªJ tU« brh‰fis v›thW

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 22 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1

rÇahd Éilia¤ nj®ªbjL¤J vGJf.

1. fhªâaofis¡ ft®ªj üš âU¡FwŸ - ï¤bjhlÇš cŸs

2. jªijí«, jhí« CU¡F¢ br‹wd® - ï¤bjhlÇš cŸs

bry¡r‹ 6 jÄœ 23 _‹wh« gUt« 5 in 1