4 Methods of Communication Parallel Conductor Transmission

 Signals Lines
 Oral  Open-Wire Transmission Line
 Written Words  Twin-lead/Ribbon Cable
 Electrical innovations  Twisted-Pair cable
Types of Communications  Shielded-Cable Pair
 Simplex Concentric or Coaxial Transmission
 Half-duplex Lines
 Duplex or Full-duplex  Rigid Air Coaxial cable
Block Diagram of Communication  Solid Flexible Coaxial Cable
System Primary Constants
Source – Transmitter – Medium – Receiver – Destination
 Resistance
I
Noise  Inductance
2 Types of Noise  Capacitance
 Correlated Noise  Conductance
 Uncorrelated Noise Secondary Constants
3 Types of Light Waves  Characteristic Impedance
 Infrared  Propagation Constant
 Visible light Characteristic Impedance
 Ultraviolet  Zi = Zo
2 Kinds of waves  No reflected wave
 Longitudinal  V and I are in phase
 Transverse  There is a maximum transfer of
3 Primary Characteristics of EM power from source to load
waves 5 Types of Transmission Line Losses
 Wave Velocity  Conductor Heating Loss
 Frequency  Dielectric Heating Loss
 Wavelength  Radiation Loss
2 Types of Transmission Lines  Coupling Loss
 Balanced/Parallel/Differential  Corona Sparks
 Unbalanced/Coaxial/Single-
ended
Disadvantage of a mismatch TL
 100% incident power is not
absorbed by the load
 Dielectric can breakdown and
causes corona
 More power Loss
 Ghost images
 Noise interference
Reflection Coefficient
 Matched Line (ZL = Zo), r = 0
 Shorted (ZL = 0), r = -1 = 1
 Open (ZL = infinity), r =
indeterminate or 1
Standing Wave Ratio
 Matched Line, SWR = 1
 Shorted, SWR = infinity
 Open, SWR = infinity
Total Loss of a line
 Matched lossy line (SWRL =
SWRs )
 Unmatched lossy line (SWRL >
SWRs)
2 Common Transmission Line
Techniques
 Quarter-wavelength
Transformer Matching
 Stub Matching
2 Special Types of Transmission Line
 Microstrip
 Stripline
Examples of Stripline and Microstrip
Routing
 Microstrip
 Edge-Coupled Microstrip
 Embedded Microstrip
 Symmetric Microstrip
 Asymmetric Stripline
 Edge-Coupled Stripline
 Broadside-Coupled Stripline
Two different kinds of Velocity
 Phase Velocity
 Group Velocity
3 Propagation Modes
 TE Mode
 TM Mode
 TEM Mode
3 Main Method of Impedance
Matching
 Gradual Changes in dimensions
of waveguide
 Waveguide Iris
 Waveguide Post or Screw
3 Types of Waveguide Horns
 E plane
 H plane
 Pyramid
4 Kinds of Waveguides
 Rectangular Waveguides
 Circular Waveguides
 Ridged Waveguides
 Flexible Waveguides