HIGHWAY AND

RAILROAD
ENGINEERING
(HREN311)

GROUP MEMBERS:
 COMMONWEALTH
HIGHWAY
NATIONAL
SECONDARY ROAD

Brief Introduction
 Commonwealth Avenue, formerly known as Don Mariano Marcos
Avenue, is a 12.4-kilometer (7.7 mi) highway located
in Quezon City, Philippines, which spans from six to eighteen
lanes and is the widest in the Philippines.
 It is one of the major roads in Metro Manila and is designated
as part of Radial Road 7 (R-7) of the older Manila arterial
road system and National Route 170 (N170) of the Philippine
highway network.
 Commonwealth Avenue is divided into two portions, the six-to
eight-lane Fairview Avenue and the eighteen-lane Don Mariano
Marcos Avenue.

History/ Date Established/ Function

 Don Mariano Marcos Avenue, named after Mariano Marcos, the
father of President Ferdinand Marcos, was constructed in the
late-1960s as a two-lane highway to offer a route from Quezon
Memorial Circle to the new National Government Center
(location of the present-day Batasang Pambansa Complex)
at Constitution Hill
 In the 1980s, the road was widened into a six-lane highway.
During the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Traffic Condition
 The avenue was prone to heavy traffic and accidents due to
the increase in number of public transportation vehicles
plying the highway, and sidewalk vendors crowding onto the
road.
 In the late 2000s, the Metropolitan Manila Development
Authority (MMDA) cleared the sidewalk vendors, especially in
the Tandang Sora area, which was prone to heavy rush hour
traffic. Fairview Avenue uses stoplights and center island
splitting at its intersections, while Don Mariano Marcos
Avenue uses interchanges at its intersections.
 Has speed limit of 60kph
 MAHARLIKA
HIGHWAY
NATIONAL PRIMARY
ROAD

Brief Introduction
 The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika
(“Nobility/freeman”) Highway is a 3,517 km (2,185 mi) network
of roads, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands
of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines,
serving as the country’s principal transport backbone.

History/ Date Established/ Function

 The highway was proposed in 1965, and built under President

Ferdinand Marcos’s governance.
 Government planners believed that the motorway and other
connected roads would stimulate agricultural production by
reducing transport costs, encourage social and economic
development outside existing major urban centres such as
Manila, and expand industrial production for domestic and
overseas markets.
 Construction was supported by loans and grants from foreign
aid institutions, including the World Bank.
 The highway was rehabilitated and improved in 1997 with
assistance from the Japanese government, and dubbed the
Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway.
 In 1998, the Department of Tourism designated 35 sections of
the highway as “Scenic Highways”, with developed amenities
for travellers and tourists

Traffic condition
 In normal working days, the flow of traffic is moderate and
when holiday season could get to slow to moderate and
sometimes heavy due to some accidents
 EPIFANIO DE LOS
SANTOS AVENUE
(EDSA)
NORTH – SOUTH
CIRCUMFERENTIAL ROAD
NATIONAL PRIMARY ROAD

Brief Introduction
 Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, commonly referred to by its
acronym EDSA, is a limited-access circumferential highway
around Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. It passes
through 6 of Metro Manila’s 17 local government units or
cities, namely, from north to south, Caloocan, Quezon City,
San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, and Pasay.
 The road links the North Luzon Expressway at the Balintawak
Interchange in the north to the South Luzon Expressway at the
Magallanes Interchange in the south, as well as the major
financial districts of Makati Central Business District,
Ortigas Center, and Araneta City. It is the longest and the
most congested highway in the metropolis, stretching some
23.8 kilometers (14.8 mi).

History/ Date Established/ Function

 Construction of what was then called the North and South
Circumferential Road began in 1939 under President Manuel L.
Quezon. The construction team was led by engineers Florencio
Moreno and Osmundo Monsod.
 The entire avenue forms part of Circumferential Road 4 (C-4)
of Metro Manila’s arterial road network, National Route 1
(N1) of the Philippine highway network and Asian Highway 26
(AH26) of the Asian Highway Network, while its westbound
service road from Osmeña Highway in barangay Bangkal, Makati
forms part of National Route 145 (N145). The locations around
the avenue were marked with great economic and industrial
growth, proven by the fact that all but two industrial centers
in the Metropolis are directly accessible from the
thoroughfare.
 The avenue is a divided carriageway, often consisting of 12
lanes, 6 in either direction, with the elevated railroads
Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 and Manila Light Rail
Transit System Line 1 often serving as its median. Although
it is not an expressway, traffic rules and speed limits are
strictly implemented to the vehicles that pass along it. It
is operated by the Metro Manila Development Authority and is
maintained and constantly being repaired by the Department of
Public Works and Highways.
 The road, starting from North Bay Boulevard in Navotas and
ending at Taft Avenue (formerly known as Taft Avenue Extension
/ Manila South Road) in Pasay, then in the province of Rizal,
was finished in 1940 shortly before the outbreak of World War
II and the subsequent Japanese Occupation. It was then known
as the Manila Circumferential Road or simply as
 Circumferential Road. It was also renamed to Highway 54 and
thus designated as Route 54. Due to the route number, there
was a common misconception on that time that the avenue is 54
kilometers (34 mi) long.
 The present-day North EDSA section in Caloocan and Quezon
City was referred to as Calle Samson (Samson Street), while
its section in Pasay was also known as P. Lovina Street. After
the independence of the Philippines from the United States in
1946, the road was renamed Avenida 19 de Junio (June 19
Avenue), after the birth date of national hero José Rizal.
Traffic Condition
 Buses, provincial and local, represent a large part of the
traffic on EDSA, and are often blamed for the traffic woes.
The most common problems are: too many transport providers,
unreliable service, and irregular and/or unpredictable
frequency.
 More than 360,000 vehicles use EDSA on a daily basis. That
number includes almost 250,000 cars, 69,400 motorcycles,
20,000 taxis, 8,800 trucks, 7,200 utility vehicles, and
12,000 buses, among others.
 According to figures cited by the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority (MMDA) back in 2017, a total of 7,500
vehicles passes through EDSA every hour. That number is beyond
the road’s official capacity of 6,000 vehicles per hour. And
with new car models introduced this year, that figure has
likely risen even more.
 CIRCUMFERENTIAL
ROAD 5–KALAYAAN
AVENUE
INTERCHANGE
NATIONAL PRIMARY
ROAD

Brief Introduction
 The C-5–Kalayaan Interchange, is a road interchange in
Makati, Metro Manila, the Philippines. Originally a regular
four-way intersection between Carlos P. Garcia Avenue, a part
of Circumferential Road 5 (C-5), and Kalayaan Avenue, it was
fitted in 2009 with the country's first elevated U-turn slots,
built in an attempt to speed up traffic along the C-5
corridor.
History/ Date Established/ Function
 Began constructing in April 2008, when work began on the
southern elevated U-turn slot, which was completed six months
later. The northern elevated U-turn slot, meanwhile, began
construction on December 2, 2008, and was completed on April
17, 2009
 The impact of the C-5–Kalayaan Interchange's construction was
initially positive. Within a week of the interchange's
opening, the MMDA claimed that both traffic speed and
vehicular volume increased, with more than 150,000 cars now
passing through the intersection daily, taking an estimated
amount of 30,000 vehicles off of EDSA in the process.
Traffic Condition
 The C-5–Kalayaan intersection traffic congestion in the area
is very heavy especially during rush hour.
 Traffic speed on C-5 also increased from 20.85 kilometers per
hour (12.96 mph) in 2006 and 2007 to 38.84 kilometers per
hour (24.13 mph) within two weeks of the interchange's
completion, an increase of 86%.
 DEWEY / ROXAS
BOULEVARD
NATIONAL PRIMARY
ROAD

Brief Introduction
 Roxas Boulevard is a popular waterfront promenade in Metro
Manila in the Philippines. The boulevard, which runs along
the shores of Manila Bay, is well known for its sunsets and
stretch of coconut trees. The divided roadway has become a
trademark of Philippine tourism, famed for its yacht club,
hotels, restaurants, commercial buildings and parks.

History/ Date Established/ Function

 The boulevard was completed in the 1910s. Originally called
Cavite Boulevard, it was renamed Dewey Boulevard in honor of
the American admiral George Dewey, whose forces defeated the
Spanish navy in the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898, Heiwa
Boulevard in late 1941 during the Japanese occupation, and
finally Roxas Boulevard in the 1960s in honor of President
Manuel Roxas, the fifth president of the Philippines. It was
also designated as a new alignment of the Manila South Road
that connects Manila to the southern provinces of Luzon.
 Roxas Boulevard is one of the distinguished roads in Manila,
the capital of the Philippines. It is a boulevard, or a wide
road, that runs along the shores of Manila Bay. It is famous
for its sunsets and stretch (or line) of coconut trees. It is
now a trademark of tourism. It is also famous for its yacht
club, hotels, restaurants, commercial buildings, and parks.

Traffic Condition
 Roxas Boulevard will be closed to vehicular traffic starting
at 6 a.m. on January 15, to give way to the repair of the
damaged box culvert of Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) in front of Libertad Pumping Station in Pasay City,
the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) today
announced on Wednesday.
 The boulevard was prone to heavy traffic and accidents due to
the increase in number of public transportation vehicles.