PETRONASTWI

NTOWER TheSkyBr
idge: Pi
nnacl
eofPet
ronast
ower

Ever
ytowert
oppedby
-sevent
y-t
hree
I
NTRODUCTI
ON:
Count
ry:Mal
ays
ia mt
aper
ingt
op

ThePet
ronasTower
sar
etwi
nskysc
raper
s Ci
ty:Kual
aLumpur I
tacc
ommodat
es–bui
l
ding

i
nKual
aLumpur
,Mal
ays
ia.St
andi
ngat St
art
ed:
1992 mai
ntenancemachi
ne,avi
ati
on

451.
9m ,
whent
heywer
ecompl
etedi
n Compl
eted:1998 l
i
ght
i
ng,andl
i
ght
ningpr
otect
i
on

1998t
heybecamet
het
all
estbui
l
dingsi
n Becauseoft
hes
teepsl
opi
ngcol
umn
Hei
ghtTot
het
ip:451.
9m Al
soconcr
etec
onst
ruct
i
oni
mpr
act
i
c al
t
hewor
ld,at
i
tl
etheyhel
dunt
il
Tai
pei
101
Roof:
378.
6m st
eel
isusedt
hroughout
wasconst
ruc
tedi
n2004.
Hei
ght(
Occupi
ed):375m Thebr
idgei
s170m (
558f
t)abov
ethegr
oundand58.
4m (
192f
t)l
ong,wei
ghi
ng
Adoubl
e deckbr
idgespanni
ng58.
4m
750t
ons.
connect
sthet
wot
ower
satt
hes
kyl
obby
Fl
oorCount:88
Fl
oorBel
ow:5 Theskybr
idgeal
soact
sasasaf
etydevi
ce,(
inc
aseoff
ir
e).
Li
f
ts:
78 Count
erbal
anceanyef
fectf
rom t
hewi
nd.
Gr
avi
tyLoadt
owar
ds
Super
str
uct
ure: Skel
etonFr
ame A'
t
wo-
hingear
ch'
spr
ingi
ngf
rom suppor
tsatl
evel
29andr
isi
ng t
hecent
ralcor
e
at63degr
eest
osuppor
tapai
rofpar
all
elt
wo-
spancont
inuousbr
idge
Att
hecent
erofeacht
oweri
sanappr
oxi
mat
ely23-
by-
23-
met
reconcr
ete gi
rder
satLevel
41.
cor
e COLUMN

Thecol
umnsar
enear
ly2.
4met
ersi
ndi
amet
eratt
hebaseoft
hebui
l
ding, Thet
wo-
hingear
chsuppor
ti
ngt
hebr
idgehasr
otat
ionalpi
ns(
spher
ical
SUPER COLUMN

butt
aperast
heyr
iset
hrought
hef
l
oor
s. Twel
vec
oncr
etecol
umnssur
roundt
he GI
RDER bear
ings
)att
heendofeac
hlegor'
spr
ingpoi
nt'
andatt
het
opor
BEAM

Eacht
oweri
ssuppor
tedbyar
ingof16 c
y l
i
ndr
ical
c ol
umnspl
acedon bus
tle,16col
umnssur
roundt
het
ower
. '
crown'
oft
hear
ch(
bear
ings)
.Themai
nbr
idgegi
rder
shavear
otat
ional
CONCRETE
i
nnerc
orner
sofst
arshapedpl
an. FOOTI
NG
FLOOR (
cent
eri
ng)pi
ndi
rect
lyov
ert
hear
chcr
ownt
oper
mitt
hecr
ownt
ori
se
Aseac
htower
sasc
ends
,itset
sback6t
imes
. -Col
umnsar
esl
oped andf
allast
heTower
smovecl
oserorf
urt
herapar
t. El
evat
orsyst
em
i
nwar
dovert
hreest
ori
es.
-Theyf
orm as
oftt
ube.
•
It
scent
ralc
orei
never
ytower
,accommodat
e–l
i
fts,exi
tst
air
s,
St
eel
beamssuppor
tfl
oorsl
abs,
Mechani
calser
vic
es.Al
lmai
nel
evat
orsar
edoubl
e-deckerwi
t
h
The88‐
fl
oor
tower
sar
eco t
ypi
cal
l
ywi
t
h4.
3inchdeep
t
hel
owerdeckoft
heel
evat
ort
aki
ngpas
s enger
stoodd
nst
ruc
tedl
argel
yof
rei
nfor concr
etef
il
li
ncl
udi
ng2i
nchmet
al
number
edf
l
oor
sandupperdec
ktoevennumber
edf
loor
s.
ced deck
c
oncr
ete,
wit
hast
eel
and
Concr
etebeamsl
i
nkt
hec
olumns I
nor
dert
oacc
essanevennumber
edf
l
oorf
rom gr
oundl
evel
,
gl
assf
açade
t
ofor
mri
ngf
ramesar
oundt
he passenger
sar
erequi
redt
ouseanes
c al
atort
oacces
stheupper

t
owerandbust
le deckoft
he

Damper

RubberSheat
her
edheavygal
vani
zed
anc
horchai
n,f
reel
yswi
ngi
ngwi
thi
na
Foundat
ion:
s
teelpi
peactasani
nexpensi
ve

Thet
ower
sres
tonRCCf
oundat
i
onmatpour
edoverpi
l
es. ef
fect
iveDamper

Soi
lt
est
sshowedt
hatt
hebedr
ock

underbot
htower
sst
art
edshal
l
ow,15m
down,buts
lopedshar
plyt
omor
ethan Concl
usi
on:
180m
I
nst
eadofpi
ers,i
twasdeci
dedan Mi
xedc
ons
truct
ionf
orcostandusabi
l
it
ybenef
it
CONCRETE RI
NG BEAM ent
i
rel
ydi
f
fer
entf
oundat
i
ons
yst
em
1
150mm MAX wasneeded.Fr
ict
ionpi
l
es(
str
uct
ures Concr
eteconst
ruc
ti
on-si
mpl
eequi
pment
’
sles
sski
l
l,easy
Concr
eteout
ri
gger
sbet
ween38t
h FI
NISHED FLOOR
DUCT SPACE
725mm MAX

nar
rowert
hanpi
ers)
,rei
nfor
cedby connect
ion
and40t
hfl
oor
sconnectt
hecor
eto
gr
out(
asandandcementmi
xt
ure)
,
t
heper
imet
erc
olumnsi
ncr
easi
ng LI
GHTS
CEI
LING wer
eused. Conc
ret
e–benef
it
swi
ndbehavi
or–i
nher
entst
if
fnes
sanddampi
ng
st
if
fnes
sandr
esi
st
ancet
olat
eral
l
oads. St
eel–f
astandf
lexi
bleer
ect
ion-per
mit
slastmi
nut
echange
TheHaunchedconcr
eter
ingbeams