Wig 3-74 ev70047 aoveroe ogg “J 5—%) I STANDARDS PUBLICATION / NO. MG 3-1eee] 1 1. m1, Foreword Abbreviations... Definitions of Terme nie 3-74 TABLE OF CONTENTS WesvaE7 caaeas ag“We St SOUND LEVEL PREDICTION FOR INSTALLED ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES (Approved as Authorized Engineering Information 1. FOREWORD In recent years noise bas iad an increasing influence on users of machines. Exposure 10 excessive noise Ives may eause permnent hear Ing damage and, also, afect people's eficiency, moods, temperament aad comfort, Lact, Stale 4nd Federal Governments have entcted loge tion to control note level exposure, Duc to the recent emphasis on health and safety considerations, @ large aumber of people ‘with ao spec taining in sound have had netse control probems thrust pan them. This book: let provides a method of predicting spproximate sound pressure level in induteil and commercial ‘The method is intended for estimating sound pressure levels and should not be constred as 3 Euarante of result It requires knowledge of the sound levels, [eatin of all sound souress, fn room charecteistis. ‘Throughout this book. Tet, for simplicity, empliss is placed on the use of overall dd.” A’ more detailed agalysis can be obtained by using the same method for cach ‘octave bund std evel as shown inthe Append. Machine sound level data are normally ex: pressed as single dtd lovels or in Fell stave band ‘Bevel unweighted in tems of sound pressure or sound power ‘An exarple i included to ast the send understanding the method descibed in thi pubs Teation. Insiuetions for ileulation and ‘or responding sample alelstons are preseated in & parallel fashion for convenient eras releence = ue Beier Mec cee sea tet ear eat: ‘tegen egw cas ego acer wis a ale 1974) Comment wil be welcomed. They should be ‘Techical Director ‘Manager, Engineering and Safety ‘Regulations Dept ‘ational Electrical Manufactures Association 155 Fas 44h Street, ‘New York, N.Y. 10017 1M ABBREVIATIONS A. —olal aces of room wusTaes (69) Ut At Aen de A 4 Distance fom the sound source center to ‘he point af intarent( AB Decibels, unweighted scale aBA~Decibels, A-weighted scale dlayp-Bflectve distance rom the sound sours to the pit of interent, allowing for rele: five uc Lp —Sound pressure level (4B) (eereace pres. sure is 00002 mierobas or 0.0002 dynes om. ‘bw —Sound power level (45) (eference power is 10" wat R_ —Room constant (6. Point of interest for sound level determina Absorption coefficient of materi of ia ® Bective sound absorption coeficent of the room being considered AL —Sound level attenuation (40), Bras? ca0870 SpBP 70247 oooe70s sg PAGE 2 oo ML, DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 1V, STEPS REQUIRED TO DETERMINE SOUND LEVELS" Absorption Cooficiet (a)—The ratio of eHeC8Y = 15e porgrap neon we oF ech step eat sorbed by a surface to the energy ident upon gant re ennion I te sess at that sure, (pac tows 10 [AL Define the problem (example included in tea, 1B. Measure or estimate the terms of the room constant determined by Ambient Sound Presse Level—The sound level Exiting in a toom with all Mentified sources room effect” in allel ‘one ofthe feloming methods: 1" Measured with sound soutee of un nec (Free) Feld room whose boundaries spied sound power level ‘Sbsorb etlectvey al sound incident thereon. 2. Computed from architectral mates 3. Measured with a speed white sound Ateration (QL)—A redvetion in sound presare ievel in dB. Ie is « fnetion of distance, room constant and location of the souree with respect to rfetng and absorbing surfaces (©. Determine the sound pressure level at de ‘ited point due to each noise source Using Figur I locate the room constant curve for the room constant being considered. 1. I the machine is rated sound power evel lowate the site distance interespt with the Recurve selected and tead AZ; then Zpig, = bY — AL otse—Undsled sound, the machine is rated in sound pressure level Zp) at 0 specified distance ina snechoie or semlancchoic chamber: Locate he specified. distance inter- cent with curve R= >, and ead AD (noted 38 AL.) b. Locate the site distnce intercept wth the R curve sleted, and read [AL (noted as Zn) ce Sound pressure Towel due to this coer: opm Cowan (A mise ring ro1 ‘cordog tis ns tnd the sound sbson pum = Be + Aly ~ Bln Fraps th ecenng suse 3. tt mac ated in sound see teat tip tsps ae nt ‘oom nino const Maan seed tue te Sith cine 1 and a AL Sued ane) sro ans iret ith tek cre seed and en ‘) (aed 3 c. Soin peste leet due #0 thi soure © en Sond rear e fp) ~A mesos th pe ees sipped ihe soe tod to La ens rose of 0005 mtu . Combine the sound prs Ie doe to Gomis sce pin ones Comer cette oie! sos ie , Sota to ~ sna (p63) Condang comments ‘Mechine—l this publication, a rotating electrical devi. (in general, its ay sound source) Reflecting Surfaces Ao this ablation, all Lcge ‘urfocs of the room; Le, walls, Noor and ein. * The indicated corrections tothe efletve distance forthe nearness of major eellccting sures do not aply tothe floor, unless the mor is atleast $c above the Noor, auch corstion have Been Incorporate inthe carves Sound Power Level (L)—A mesnure of sound power (w)rudisted from a sours ratiod with » reference power of 10" watts. i = Abe, Copy he Nana Etc Mandates Asoionoprah NG S74 GNTOENT oOUe7OG 7 PAGE 3 A. DEFINING THE EXAMPLE USED INTHE TEXT Pret the sound pressure level at point, & feet above the Noor, due to three machines placed jn a room whos dimensions and material are ven. Floor is of asphalt tle, Celing i of acoustical 12 fet above the floor. Machines A and B fremounted on the floor; Machine Cis mounted 5 fact above the lor. The embient sound level ‘ofthe room = 70 dA “The dimensions of the machines (upped by ‘Wisk Ha ‘The machine sound levels (upped by the smanutactre) are Machine A, sound power level... 904A ‘Machine B, sound presse level at 3 A (rom 8 major machine surface?) R= = 85 dB Machine C, sound pressure level at $ ‘(from 4 major machine surface) R= 200084 2, $2 dBAPAGE 4 1B, ROOM CONSTANT ‘The we of a quantity known as “room con- stant permits simple und realistic eoretions for deviations from ideally nechoie conditions. ‘Three alternative wethods for determining the room constant are described, but only one need be te Stetlyspooking «room constant value should ‘be obtained foreach cetave band contr frequency. ‘Uso of the octave band method is recommended primarily if sound speota of widely difesing Character are to: be combined, The example, therefore, willbe worked though fst with over- fl sound loves as fst cos, and then With the ootave band sound Levels given inthe Apne a 1, Meacured with a Sound Source of Unspect- ed Sound Poor LegelThe sound SOue> ‘Placed as near the enter ofthe room a5 ronsible but not less than 37 wavelength {istance fom a major reflecting srTace for the lowest frequoney considered. (Nor ally 125 Hei the fowest center frequency tobe considered; it ereesponds toa min nium of approximately 304) The 3 wave Tength rate uppie to all mlerophone pos- ions: moreover, no microphone shall be lose tothe sound source than distance qua to the soure length “Two sound prosur evel rang aro ten at different distances from the sound source fon an approximately straight line pussing ‘rough the centr of the sound soure [See pur. C() Sound Power Levels] Dis- tances are from the contr ofthe source and not its suefice, Preferably, the distance betwsen the two microphone pesiions shouldbe equal tothe distance from the Sound soutee center to the close miso ‘hone, The difference in sound lev, the fo distances involved, andthe use of Fie ‘re 2 permit the determination of the room Cape Hans etl Nance Assen Bp es70e8? 0002707 9 Sound source centrally Toate in the room. Sound presure meusuod at $f from the cence fof the source Hs S08 dBA.” Sound pressure at 10 fh from the center of the machine is 782 dBA. ‘Therefore, AL = 8.8 ~ 782 = 26 dBA. Interpalatng ftom Figure 2, room constant R= 0 waftig 7H GY 70EN? DDATB Of Computed from Architectural Maerials— ‘Thsis dons i for ps: o o o © CCaleulate the sufuce aren (6q 1) of cach of the enclosing surfaces in the oom ie, walls, floor, cling, wine dos, te Find the eflective sound absorption ‘cotficont foreach of the major ar- faces in Table 1. In the event thatthe ‘materi ie not covered in he table but that the absorption coefcient can be found elsewhere, it may be expressed te function of frequency; Le, ceater frequency octave bands, inthis event, take tho average of the 250-Hr, 500 Te, kltr and 2-kHa absorption coe. cients to get the eetive absorption coetcint. CCalolat the average sound absorp tion coeient forthe room: Aion Aaa} Aut + Attn At At Act + Ae 4 = average sound absorption coef fiat of 00m, Ais dod oo ay ~ surface aca of “sich naj ance area (og) (ty di ay o> = absorption coe: feat for each ofthe major suriace Calculate the room constant: as R = room constant (aR) Aad at Ash hy {= average oom sound absorption oan apa ean Eee Mauhcres Aseion “or “rable amas TH ae bc eae ee ‘iat de 20° x so” = 1300 0.42 0 ee ee aie ana Rothe Sate ‘ana cova, gay ck ‘Eyre canes in inno eve “Therefor, oom constant R= Aa _ 820 X 016 _ os an T-a~ 1-018 =Bey 702"7 cone709 2B - PAGE 6We E TH e70287 oone7.0 aif Pace 7 ©. SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL AT A DESIRED POINT. DUE TO EACH SOUND SOURCE. Sound levels of machines are commonly re- ported in one af two ways (1) Sound power levels. Wis nesumed by the ‘achine menufvctarer in determing the Sound power level (Cv) thatthe sound ‘originates at point source located a the fonter of the machine at its bass (irom TELE Publistion No.85). Tndetemining the distance from the sound soure to the Point of interest (d,s nosessay to com Side the dimensions ofthe machine sll 2) Sound pressure levels at a specified distance From the surace of the machine ‘A sound pressure level seported sta specified atanco is not relly compete unless the room ‘constant ofthe room in which i was measured i tke reported. Ifthe room coasant ie not speci fed, it may be assumed tht the oom constant is infinity. However, 0 explain the method, an ‘examples included for Machine C with the room ‘constant a fne number. 4 addition, the nearness (ess than 5) of major reflecting mufaces fo sound sources mist be considered as well as the magnitude of the absorption coeiient (a) ofthe refeetor. Wer of Teflestors in the immediate vicinity of the mir chines it greater than 05, no other corrections to the distance ae eequired (dary = Wd). However, itis lese than 0, the following corcetions to the distance have to be mde Nios whe eR er Me Retiecag 97 we Nebemmeer VE me ATT Caps y he Nana Bec Handcarers AssenPAGE 8 20247 cover. of ‘Machte Rated Sead Pomer Lee! (=) Road AZ atthe intersction of the efestive distance and the room constant curve in Figure 1. The sound pressure nt the desired point die tothe machine being considered fs given bys Lp = Le — Blin ‘Machine Rete Soma Pressure Level Lp) ‘ata Specified Distance fore Room Cone Stan of = «Using Figure I, locate the Intercept of) the distance specied from the mnajor smfue ofthe michine plus one bal the largest machine dimension and (0) the room constant R= = curv, and teud Alas. Using Figure 1, loeste the inter= apt of the ellctive distance dy from {the sound yourcs to the point af inerst and ‘ofthe room constant (2) curve Under cone Suderation, and read AEs ‘Tho sound pressure lve at the point of Ban = IP + Alapoy ~ Abin, Machine Reed in Sound Presse Level ut 4 Specified Distance for a Room Constant of R= R--Using Figo 1, locate the fotecept of (a) the distance spi Foon the major surftce of the machine plus one ha the largest machine dimension and (6) the room constunt R= RV curve, and rd Slew Using Figure 1 oeate the itcrepts ofthe ellestive distance, diy, from the sound Source to the peat of inerst and ef the oom constant (R) ere onder consider on, and read AZ gus, ‘The sound presume fowl at the pont of oy * Ea + Blaney = Mlezon, Machine A Machine sound power level (Lx) = $0 dBA (see pr Ay page 3). Room constant R = #404 f(s par. B, page). 4, stance fom sound. sures in the machine to postion X = V7? + 163% + 6: = 189 frina ‘Sommer fess than 5 f from the walls gs = U2 = 185912 = 945 f From Figure 1, the intercept gives AL = 1.7 “The sound pressure at point X due to Machine Mo i= 17 = 783 aD. Machine B Machine sound pressure lve at 3 fin a room where the rferenes R= =, 6 AS dBA. 940 ft 4, stance from sound sour im the machine to position X= VATS FAS! + 6 = IL less {han 5 fom the wal hy = di 2 = MSI/2 = BL From Figure I using reference diy) = 3-4 15 = 4S feand R=] Abin. = MS a. From Figure 1 (using day = 8A and R = 940 sa} Abin, = 113 dl Therefore, Ep = Lp + ALane AS nS Lhd = 48.2 a ‘Acta room constant Machine © Machine sound pressure evel at ft from the aut face ofthe machine, in room whose room com sane R! 2000 9s 82 WB 4 stance Fom the centerpoint inthe machine to point X= V2025 + = 213 fe “The machine is more thin $ fom the wall and {suspended $f sbove the Moor, Thotfore, dag, = VIKE = VIX I= Mf From Figere 1 (using reference day) = S128 = 625 and R= 2000 9] AL) = D7 ow. From Figure 1 [using diy, = 304 fund R = 940 94) AL poms = 13.0 a Therefore tim = Bb Mn 9 SEIT” 10 ang a, = ALinaveD. COMBINING SOUND PRESSURE TEVELS ATA POINT’ DUE TO SEVERAL” SOURCES “The separate sound pressure level (ABA) at point doe to several Sources are combined at Fallows 1. Seleot any to ofthe levee to be combined and determine thee dference, 2. Locate thie siferencein Colume fof Figure and note the coresponding value iy Col- tun 2, 3. Add tie mumber from Columa 2 10 the higher of the two vals being combined, 4 Determine the diference Between ths value and another of the levels to be combined {Gf more than two) and repest steps 2 and 3 5. Repeat sep 4 until s single valve is ob- tained, E. THE EFFECT OF AMBIENT SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL. ‘The foregoing result does not include the eect of the ambient sound peesute level whic isthe found presure level present in the room i all Identible sound tourees have becn considered. Ambient sound. may be produced by lighting fixtures in the room, air conditioning ystems, water pips, eto, but probably the largest portion Wil be Teom enlanenus sources penetrating the Walls and entering doors, windows, ste. The tmbient sound is treated as though it sm addi tions sound source and should be combined with the combined sound pressure level clelated in pir. D, wing the same procedure apt te Nona Bact Mates Asscton Tarte e330 PAGE 9 Sound pressure level at X due to: Machine A = 783 dB Machine B= 842 dB Machine C = 80.7 dBA ‘Combining sound pressure levels due to Machine ‘A-and Machine B42 ~ 783 = 59 dBA. ‘Referring to Figure 4, locate $9 ab in Column 1, read off LO din Colum 2, and ad this elt to the higher numberof the wo being combined, 42+ 10 852 ded ‘Therefor, the combination of 84.2 4BA and 783 BA ~ 85.2 dDA. Now combine this result withthe sound pressure level of Machine ©, 5.2 ~ 80.7 = 43 dad. Referring to Figure 4, locate 4.5 dB in Colum 1, read olf 13 dil from Column 2, and add this ‘esul tothe higher numberof thet beng com ined, 852-4 13 = 86.5 dA. Therefor, the combined sound pressure level of ree machines (73.3 dA and 84.2 84 and 807 aba) ~ 86.5 ab, Room ambient = 70 dB Combined sound pressure level at point ¥ due to the tree machines = 865 BA ‘Room ambient sound presture level at point X = ‘oda. ‘Combining the two pressure levels, 6.5 — 70.0 = Wes dba ‘Referring to Figure 4, 16.5 did exceeds Column 1 ‘The eect ofthe ambient, i this iastanes, is ae ligible, "Thus, the expected sound presse level, at poise X remains st 86.5 dB 7H bu70e47 ooDeTR2 efBevzoew7 coves PAGE 10 ———— F. CONCLUDING COMMENTS For most purpose, the overall sound pressure level approximated in accordance with the fore going wil yield reasonable accuray. The fllow- ing apart His of factors which were not taken into consideration and which may have some effet on accuracy: 1. Sours data is subject 10 some tolerance, depending upon the measuring instruments tnd their calibration and upon room co ‘tions 2 Operating conitions of the machine () Vatiation of speed per 56 28 wall as consequential changes in ‘cooing sir ow. () Load on the motor and its efeet on magnetis and slot noes (Variation of apptedvolge which can let nose generation (magitude and harmonie conten, () Mounting means end alignment. (9) Dirowtional sound characters. (Pure tones (ie, noise dominated by fone pater ftequency) which pro- Alice standing waves. Puce tones also lnfonce the "qunliey of the sound” to Ge extent that a high pure tone ontent may be mare cbjecdonable to thc ear than a higher sound level with Tes pre tone coment 3, Some rooms are more complex than the example. For instance, they can contain patton pipes, opeings columns, people, ‘Sesks, his teal of which may change "he room constant and may influence sound presaure levels. These factors should be onadeted on an indvidval bass and may hve to bo date within ight of past experience. Sings combined sound levels are affected by many factor there no substitute for experience ‘nthe use of che method describe, especially i backed by experimental vtieaton. iphyt atoa Bace Mand Asocstin ashes eosHe Sve Y70eN? ooUETIY pace n Te Sound Absorplion Cosicens of Geer Acie Matis fe ange, eee : Be ics ta ag a ae ou a8 a Figure t Autesuatin of Sound Level (AL) as Function of Distance and Room Constant Over Reletion Floor Caps the toa Eee Manscer Acctonng 3-24 Bf bN70247 oDozTaS OM g é S5| ' a pert? 1 : bof i G ct i cea a= = o-20n, LT ool EE an ne Estimation of Reon Constant from Sound resins Level Measuenients at Two Points 8 45 a Figure 4 dt Adjustments for Ambient Cortection ony by 4 Nt ec Mant Arecten ruse tas 08Bp sv70247 oone7as off PAGE 13 TARQUENGIES Ro WETERORINe SOUND eREcue Loves i031 100020 1. MACHINE SOUND LevEts Mesh Gusnnawaneisaeiae” PM ;: ot eee ae a ae a | ‘atrene room sonst Ry foe Nachos C. 5 8) 6s 38) Se aD ako Bee BORN CERTER PIAGINEY ‘op Se fiancee RG RL RA BE Mh BE Ronis a a2 338 Bas ei ane is 8 8 a : 3 Eegesaat aoa tones woot ot oh ot gt Boa eon fo a. ‘sop "too “aso Teo fio 1A Mans ato 000 Poe werent 88 8 8 8 8 PROGR aisiip Saas 28 8 Bee aie S] gD Bip ae a AebeamfonrQiopontryiohe om] ee Boe RRs Trin Yo Shy Bp oa 2 M2 Bh BS (Seieand ee nega beknown forthe” sbettences deer forisie ewer 3 Wh gp Bae Cans ony No Eco Mant ActBL ee70e47 ooae7? 1g ‘cna = oo “POINT DUE TO SEVERAL SOURCES Dyes ner pee SS et ace fe ier BE BR gt gt ie HERR ER ePRaiwacwacienase BRT Bo EE RS AS IEEE gh tearm soo ha iyo i Geet artrae dues oi ee joe ee ae eC ‘RES Snes el Soin wk sna sued press al ai ia ea! eas ES cighiiermaeg 64 22 m9 23 BE 150 A. AWtnd Hoopes senamens 1 ect run era Mc in | AES e era r ae na pateecore 5. NEMA Stunt Plan for Meare and Geert, Pubtzntion No” MG 1 Litre Capa Nao! lar MantctrersAsncitonWe 3-79 NEMA STANDARDIZATION ‘The purpose of NEMA Standards, their classification and status ae st forth in certain causes of the NEMA’ Bylaws, whieh are quoted below: Purpose of Standards [National Eletical Manufacturers Association Standards are adopted inthe public interest and are designed to eliminate misunderstanding: between the manufacturer andthe purchaser and to asist the purchaser in {electing and obtaining the proper product forts particular need. Ealstence ofa National Electrical Manu facturers Assocation Standard doesnot in any respest prelude any member or nonmember from manuac- ‘urlag oF selling products not conforming tothe standard (Bylow—Ar. V, See. 1) Definition ofa Standard ‘A sandard of the National Electrical Manufacturers Associaton defines a product, process or procedure with reference to one oF mere ofthe following: nomenclature, composition, construction, dimensions, to- trance, safety, operating characterise, performance, rating, testing, and the service for which they are dsigned. (ylaw—Art. V, Sec. 2, Subsection A) Dimensions Where dimensions are gven fo interchangeably pirposes, aerate dimensions satisfying the other pro- visions ofthe standards publicatlon may be capable of otherwise equivalem performance. (NEMA Policy Memorandum 842, dated June 7, 1986) Classes of Standards [National Electrical Manufacturer Association Standards are of two classes: 1. NEMA Standard, which rates to a product commerclally standardized and subject 0 repetitive manu facture, which standard has been approved by a least 90 percent of the members of the Subdivision eligible to vote thereon; 2. Suggewed Standard for Future Design, which may not have been regularly applied to commercial product, but which suggests a sound engineeting approach to future development, which standard has been [Approved by at leat two-thirds ofthe members ofthe Subdivision eligible to vote theron. (Bylow-—Art. V, Se, 2, Subsection B) ‘Authorized Engineering Information ‘Authorized Engincering Information consists of explanatory data and other engineering information of an Informative character not falling within the classification of NEMA Standard or Suggested Standard for Future Design. (Bylow—Art V, Sec. 6 Ist Sentence) Otictat Standards Proposal ‘An Official Sundards Proposals an official draft ofa proposed standard whichis formally recommended to an outside organization(s) for consideration, comment and/or approval (ylow—Art. V, Sec. 4, Subsection A) fenttication of Status Standards in NEMA Standards Publications are identified in the foreward or following each stand ‘NEMA Standard” or "Suggested Standard for Future Design.” These indicate the satus of the standard. ‘These worde ar followed by a date which indicates when the standard was adopted ints present form by ‘the Association. ‘The material identified as “Authorized Engineering Information” and “Official Standards Proposal” is esigated similarly. Capt the atonal Bec Nance Areeton Pee coon ayyRG Sere Bp SNTOEN? ODoeTIA SE MOTOR AND GENERATOR SECTION OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES * Make, Wisin 01 Dien a i ewe Mirae is oy Baer Brie, "er Sih Atanas 72901 LT Some Captenn Bee Co SEEM Site “Dayton, Otto 45051 Saar age SEE ran ‘teresa nas" Bere Ee ian intone 10 Cen tn Macs ete icc erat Tas re Rare OY Sa tee, EAA ESEa a, sac amine nh ‘olay HB mre Wee Et gets. 7,, erect Megas Pcs Maura Ca. Mites day Sie FEE 207 Seley darts Ost tse Stores EE ioc Mca “pao Ree aS Printed a USA,