LESSON 2

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY &

NATION BUILDING

Original Author: Annalie S. Bejoc-BIO Faculty

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• SCIENCE IN
PRE-SPANISH
PHILIPPINES
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• TECHNOLOGY IN
PRE- SPANISH
PHILIPPINES
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• METAL AGE 3200 – ONE BCE
• IRON AGE (700-1 BCE)
• BRONZE AGE(2300-700BCE)
• COPPER AGE (3200-2300BCE)
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• SPANISH PERIOD
(1521-1898)
 SPANISH PERIOD
• ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS FOR BOYS & GIRLS
• CONCEPT OF SUBJECTS AND DISCIPLINES
• SCIENCE FOCUSES ON THE BASICS
• MEDICINE &ADVANCED SCIENCES INTRODUCED TO COLLEGES &
UNIVERSITIES.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
 • WHY IS IT THE GROWTH OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY HALTED DURING THE SPANISH
ERA?
SCIENCE VS SUPERSTITIONS
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
 AMERICAN PERIOD
1898- 1946
• PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM
• IMPROVE ENGINEERING &HEALTH CONDITIONS OF THE PEOPLE
• CONCEPT OF RESEARCH &RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
• SCIENCE AS A SUBJECT
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• AMERICAN PERIOD
• 1898- 1946
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
 TUBERCULOSIS
• TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IS A
POTENTIALLY SERIOUS
INFECTIOUS DISEASE THAT
MAINLY AFFECTS YOUR LUNGS.
THE BACTERIA THAT CAUSE
TUBERCULOSIS ARE SPREAD
FROM ONE PERSON TO
ANOTHER THROUGH TINY
DROPLETS RELEASED INTO THE
AIR VIA COUGHS AND SNEEZES.
• SYMPTOMS
• ALTHOUGH YOUR BODY MAY HARBOR THE BACTERIA THAT CAUSE TUBERCULOSIS, YOUR
IMMUNE SYSTEM USUALLY CAN PREVENT YOU FROM BECOMING SICK. FOR THIS REASON,
DOCTORS MAKE A DISTINCTION BETWEEN:
• LATENT TB. IN THIS CONDITION, YOU HAVE A TB INFECTION, BUT THE BACTERIA REMAIN IN
YOUR BODY IN AN INACTIVE STATE AND CAUSE NO SYMPTOMS. LATENT TB, ALSO CALLED
INACTIVE TB OR TB INFECTION, ISN'T CONTAGIOUS. IT CAN TURN INTO ACTIVE TB, SO
TREATMENT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE PERSON WITH LATENT TB AND TO HELP CONTROL THE
SPREAD OF TB. AN ESTIMATED 2 BILLION PEOPLE HAVE LATENT TB.
• ACTIVE TB. THIS CONDITION MAKES YOU SICK AND CAN SPREAD TO OTHERS. IT CAN OCCUR
IN THE FIRST FEW WEEKS AFTER INFECTION WITH THE TB BACTERIA, OR IT MIGHT OCCUR
YEARS LATER.
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACTIVE TB INCLUDE:
• COUGHING THAT LASTS THREE OR MORE WEEKS
• COUGHING UP BLOOD
• CHEST PAIN, OR PAIN WITH BREATHING OR COUGHING
• UNINTENTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS
• FATIGUE
• FEVER
• NIGHT SWEATS
• CHILLS
• LOSS OF APPETITE
• MALARIA IS A LIFE-THREATENING
DISEASE. IT’S TYPICALLY
TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE BITE
OF AN
INFECTED ANOPHELES MOSQUITO.
INFECTED MOSQUITOES CARRY
THE PLASMODIUM PARASITE.
WHEN THIS MOSQUITO BITES
YOU, THE PARASITE IS RELEASED
INTO YOUR BLOODSTREAM.
ONCE THE PARASITES ARE INSIDE YOUR BODY, THEY TRAVEL TO THE LIVER, WHERE THEY MATURE.
AFTER SEVERAL DAYS, THE MATURE PARASITES ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM AND BEGIN TO
INFECT RED BLOOD CELLS. WITHIN 48 TO 72 HOURS, THE PARASITES INSIDE THE RED BLOOD CELLS
MULTIPLY, CAUSING THE INFECTED CELLS TO BURST OPEN.
 CHOLERA
• IS AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
THAT CAUSES SEVERE
WATERY DIARRHEA, WHICH
CAN LEAD
TO DEHYDRATION AND EVEN
DEATH IF UNTREATED. IT IS
CAUSED BY EATING FOOD OR
DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATED WITH A
BACTERIUM CALLED VIBRIO
CHOLERAE.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• THE NEW REPUBLIC

• EMILIO AGUINALDO

• FOLLOWING THE RATIFICATION OF THE

MALOLOS CONSTITUTION IN
1899, EMILIO AGUINALDO BECAME THE
INAUGURAL PRESIDENT OF THE
MALOLOS REPUBLIC, CONSIDERED THE
FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC. HE HELD
THAT OFFICE UNTIL 1901 WHEN HE WAS
CAPTURED BY UNITED STATES FORCES
DURING THE PHILIPPINE–AMERICAN
WAR (1899–1902).
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• ODA ► HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ►COUNTRY

PRODUCTIVITY
• GOAL: IMPROVE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY &
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILS. HAS BEEN SHAPED BY HUMAN &
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS BOTH INTERNAL &
EXTERNAL.
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

GOAL:
TO PREPARE THE WHOLE COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE TO
MEET THE DEMANDS OF A TECHNOLOGICALLY DRIVEN
WORLD AND CAPACITATE THE PEOPLE TO LIVE IN A
WORLD DRIVEN BY SCIENCE.
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

• IN RESPONSE TO ASEAN 2015 AGENDA:

THE GOVERNMENT, LIKE DOST SOUGHT THE EXPERTISE OF NRCP (
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINES) TO CONSULT
VARIOUS SECTORS TO STUDY HOW PHILIPPINES CAN PREPARE ITSELF
IN MEETING THE ASEAN 2015 GOALS.

PADILLA-CONCEPTION 2015
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

• NCRP CLUSTERED THE POLICIES INTO 4 (PP 26-

27 IN THE BOOK)
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• SUPPORTING HUMAN
GENOME PROJECT:
• THE RESEARCH EFFORT
TO SEQUENCE THE
ENTIRE SET OH HUMAN
GENES AND TO
UNDERSTAND THEIR
FUNCTIONS.
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• DR. FRANCES COLLINS
(1985) FROM
UNIVERSITY OF
MICHIGAN HEADED
THE HUMAN GENOME
PROJECT AT THE
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
OF HEALTH
DOWN SYNDROME
 PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS

• EYES SHAPED LIKE ALMONDS (NOT TYPICAL FOR THEIR ETHNIC GROUP)
• FLATTER FACES ESPECIALLY THE NOSE
• SMALL EARS, WHICH MAY FOLD OVER A BIT AT THE TOP.
• TINY WHITE SPOTS IN THE COLORED PART OF THEIR EYES.
• A TONGUE THAT STICKS OUT OF THE MOUTH.
KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

• BY THE YEAR 2000, THE

SEQUENCING OF THE
ENTIRE HUMAN
GENOME, ALL THE 3
BILLION NUCLEOTIDES,
WAS COMPLETED.
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

• BIOSAFETY &
STANDARD
`MODEL BY
ASEAN
COUNTRIES
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

• PROMOTING
INDIGENOUS
KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
& INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES
CONSERVATION.
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

• COMMON FOOD AND

SAFETY STANDARD
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS SUPPORTED BY
THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT THROUGH
DOST
(PP.27-28 OF YOUR TEXT)
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• FUNDS FOR BASIC

RESEARCH AND
PATENTS RELATED TO
S& T
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• SCHOLARSHIPS FOR
UNDERGRADUATE &
GRADUATE STUDIES OF
STUDENTS IN THE FIELD
OF S&T
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• ESTABLISHMENTS OF
PSHSS TO TRAIN
YOUNG FILIPINOS IN
THE FIELD OF S&T
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• CREATING S&T PARKS TO

ENCOURAGE ACADEME &
INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• BALIK SCIENTIST
PROGRAM
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL
SCIENCE COMPLEX & NATIONAL
ENGINEERING COMPLEX
• TO PRODUCE MORE RESOURCES
IN THE FIELD, MORE MANPOWER
RESOURCES NEEDED BY THE
COUNTRY
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION SEVERAL SCIENCE- RELATED

PROGRAMS& PROJECTS WERE CREATED : SCIENTIFIC LITERACY
• SPECIAL SCIENCE CLASSES & SPECIAL SCIENCE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS
• TO STRENGTHEN STEM COMPETITIVENESS:
• CHED LAUNCHED PHIL- CALIFORNIA ADVANCED RESEARCHED INSTITUTES
(PICARI) : TO ALLOW HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN THE PHILS & SOME US BASED
LABS. RESEARCH INSTITUTES & UNIVERSITIES TO WORK ON RESEARCH
RELATED TO:
• SCIENCE
• AGRICULTURE
• ENGINEERING
• HEALTH
• TECHNOLOGY
 OTHER EXISTING PROGRAMS

• PHIL. CONGRESS ALSO CREATED VARIOUS LAWS RELATED TO S&T .

• IN LINE WITH INTERNATIONAL TREATIES SUCH AS UN, UNESCO &
ASEAN.
• S &T POLICIES ENSURE THAT THE WHOLE COUNTRY AND ALL
PEOPLE WILL EXPERIENCE THE PROGRESS THAT SCIENCE CAN
BRING.
EXPERIENCE THE PROGRESS THAT SCIENCE CAN
BRING
 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE

• TISSUE CULTURE PHILIPPINE MANGOES SATELLITE IMAGES ANTARCTICA

RAMON BARBA JOSEFINO C COMISO
 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
• FIELD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SEA SNAIL VENOM
JOSE BEJAR CRUZ LOURDES JANSOY CRUZ
 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
• HERBAL MEDICINE TILAPIA CULTURE
FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT RAFAEL DINEROS
GUERRERO
 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
• MECONIUM DRUG TESTING PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA
 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
• OUTSTANDING EDUCATOR &
GRAPH THEORIST COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN
 OTHER OUTSTANDING FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
• RENOWNED PHYSICIST (INTERNATIONAL) MARINE SCIENCE
CAESAR SALOMA EDGARDO GOMEZ
 OTHER OUTSTANDING FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
• CHEMISTRY MARINE SCIENCE
WILLIAM PADOLINA ANGEL ALCALA
 OTHER OUTSTANDING FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

• THE PHILIPPINES STILL NEED MORE

SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS AND THERE IS STILL
NEED TO SUPPORT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN
THE COUNTRY.
END OF THE PRESENTATION