state the roles of the each structure

The cerebellum is located behind the top part of the brain stem where the spinal cord meets the
brain. It is a quite small portion of the brain. About ten percent of the total weight but it contains
roughly half of the brain's neurons that specialized cells that transmit information via electrical
signals (The Human Body: Cerebellum, 2015). The cerebellum with its two hemispheres, look like a
miniature version of the cerebrum. It is covered by the cerebellar cortex and has a set of deep
cerebellar nuclei. These nuclei receive projections from the cerebellar cortex and themselves send
projections out of the cerebellum to other parts of the brain. Each hemispheres of the cerebellum is
attached to the dorsal surface of the pons by bundle of axons which is the superior, middle and
inferior cerebellar peduncles (Carlson & Birkett, 2017).

In addition, Carlson and Birkett (2017) mentioned that the cerebellum receives visual, auditory,
vestibular and somatosensory information. It also receives information about individual muscles
movements being directed by the brain. The cerebellum integrates this information and modified
the motor outflow, exerting a coordinating and smoothing effect on the movements.The cerebellum
also receives information from the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates
motor movements. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance,
coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity. It is also important for
learning motor behaviors (The Human Body: Cerebellum, 2015).

In addition, Llinas and Negrello (2015) the cerebellum is part of a system that involves four main
components. The largest component is the cerebellar cortex which is a tightly folded layer of neural
tissue attached to the dorsal side of the pons with white matter underneath. The next component is
a set of cerebellar nuclei that lying within the white matter underneath the cortex. The inferior
olivary nucleus, a convoluted structure lying within the medulla oblongata and sending projections
known as climbing fibers to the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei also the part of the main
component of a cerebellum. Lastly, a large collection of inputs known as mossy fibers impinging on
the cerebellum from various brain regions and sending projections to the cerebellar cortex and
cerebellar nuclei

Function of cerebellum- Coordinator of precise movement by continually comparing the output of

motor area of cerebral cortex with the proprioceptive information received from the site of muscle
action, it is able to bring about adjustment by influencing the activity of the lower motor neuron It
also sends back information to the motor cortex to inhibit the agonist muscle & stimulate the
antagonist muscle thus limiting the extent of voluntary movement

Fundamentally the cerebellar system (including the inferior olive and the cerebellar nuclei) acquires
and implements sensorimotor “tactics” (how to) that contextualize the motor strategies (what,
where and when) generated by the forebrain.

Such tactics relate mostly to movement execution, timing, compensatory, and multi-limb
coordination.The basic transactions are implemented at the cerebellar nuclear level the output of
which blends strategy andtactics by combining incoming ascending spinal cord information with
descending motor commands initiated byintrinsic CNS activity and sensory input. Thus cerebellar
function must be considered within the context of therest of the nervous system, since it is not a
primary way station for sensory or motor function, but combinesboth, during learning and
execution. Though its destruction does not produce sensory deficits or paralysis, cerebellar lesion
produces devastating inability for movement coordination and execution, and in some
accounts,deficits in executive function (see Cerebellar Involvement in Cognition).

Bibliography
Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2017). Physiology of Behavior. England: Pearson Education Limited.

Llinas, R., & Negrello, M. N. (2015). Cerebellum. Scholarpedia.

The Human Body: Cerebellum. (2015, March 5). Retrieved from HealthLine:
https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/cerebellum#1

Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2017). Physiology of Behavior. England: Pearson Education Limited.

The Human Body: Cerebellum. (2015, March 5). Retrieved from HealthLine:
https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/cerebellum#1

From this 'Know Your Brain' booklet task, we can conclude that human brain is a very complex and
interesting organ in the human body. Brain is the most important organ as each region of the brain,
there are specific ones that have their main roles that help guide cognitive functions. This showed
that Allah creation is perfect and………………………tolong sambungkan kalau ada idea lagi hehe