BIO 313

ECTODERMAL DERIVATIVES OF THE 10MM PIG EMBRYO

Answer sheet

A. Provide an illustration (with labeled parts) of the relative positions of cranial nerves and associated ganglia
to the Central Nervous System
B. Provide an illustration (with labeled parts) of cross-section of the 10-mm pig embryo.
Answer the following questions:

1. What is the constriction that separated the mesencephalon from the metencephalon?

Together, they compose the rhombencephalon/hindbrain, which divides into pons and medulla
oblongata. The metencephalon is separated from the mesencephalon by a constriction, called the
isthmus the dorso-laterally becomes the cerebellum, ventrally the pons.

2. What are the fates of saccule, utricle, and endolymphatic duct in the adult organism?

The fates of saccule, utricle, and endolymphatic duct in the adult organism is that the saccule and
utricle will become the otolith organs which allows an organism including humans to perceive linear
acceleration both horizontally and vertically. While the endolymphatic duct will be the one to regulate
the volume and pressure of endolymphatic waste by phagocytosis.
 3. What is the function of the neurons making up the spinal ganglia?

The spinal ganglia consist of neurons with bifurcated axons, one part connecting to the periphery and
the other traveling into the spinal cord. One of these is the sensory neurons associated with the spinal
cord, the sensory neurons of cranial nerve ganglia are unipolar in shape with associated satellite cells.
It transmits impulses from a receptor, such as those in the eye or ear. Next, is the motor neuron which
is a part of the central nervous system and connect to muscles, glands, and organs throughout
the body. These neurons transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles, such
as those in stomach, and so directly control all our muscle movements. Lastly, is the interneuron which
is the one the connects the spinal motor and sensory neurons. It also functions as transferring signals
between sensory and motor neurons, interneurons can also communicate with each other forming
circuits of various complexity.

4. What parts of the body are innervated the ventral vamus fibers?
Ventral ramus contains sensory and motor fibers in which is responsible for the skeletal muscles of
body wall, joints and skin of the lateral and ventral body walls and the extremities.

Conclusion:

In this activity I was able to know the different parts of the cranial nerves and associated ganglia of the central
nervous system and the cross-section of a 10mm pig embryo. In this activity I was able to understand the
relationship of the different parts as the organism matures and how it develops into a new part that would be
able to help them through adulthood which also applies to us humans. Particularly is the function of neurons
in the spinal ganglia, as it shows just how important the spinal cord is for us to move properly. Having a
damaged spinal cord can lead to a lot of consequences as it shows just how important it is especially during
development as it is where everything starts.

References:

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book_-_Developmental_Anatomy_1924-17
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fquizlet.com%2F206697941%2F10mm-pig-cross-
sections-flash-cards
%2F&psig=AOvVaw0pYBSem3P6WfM6D2XAgHHa&ust=1614962739783000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0C
A0QjhxqFwoTCOjgkYqNl-8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s2/chapter01.html#:~:text=The%20metencephalon%20and
%20myelencephalon%20together,and%20with%20the%20pons%20caudally.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/endolymphatic-duct