INFO NATION: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON HOW ANHS STUDENTS ARE

DEALING WITH THE INFLUX OF INFORMATION DURING ELECTION SEASON

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Agusan National High School
Butuan City

ALAIZAH S. ABDUL

JAY V. ARBELO

JULIANA NICOLE L. BUENO

ANNA MARIE B. EHILLA

PHILIP ANDREW R. LUMINARIAS

IRENE M. VIOS

JUNE 2022
 ABSTRACT

Social media, particularly among Filipino youth, has a significant impact on daily
life. Because so many people acquire their information via social media, it is thought to
have a significant impact. As a result of this, the internet has become a source of
inaccurate and misleading information. “Patience Zero” was a once-popular nickname
for the Philippines. The Philippines was the first country in the globe to see or
experience a disinformation operation as part of the worldwide misinformation
pandemic. Some contenders in the impending 2022 presidential election are taking
advantage of the growing usage of social media in their campaigns. False information is
circulating on every social media platform as the campaign season begins. Because of
this, false and misleading information regarding the election might be widely
disseminated quickly. Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and TikTok, as well as other social
media sites, have become more important sources of information for many individuals.
With social media’s simplicity of use and accessibility as well as information sharing
convenience, people of all ages are drawn to it. There’s a good chance they’ve been
exposed to misinformation or disinformation at some point in their lives. Participants
were questioned in two ways: face-to-face with half of them and online with the other
half. There were five participants in each group. Almost 8 out of 10 persons interviewed
said they had come across misinformation, and while only a small percentage of those
people actually fact-checked the information, the rest said they would go ahead and
report it. The majority of the participants agreed that critical thinking should be applied
to historical material, however there are still a few participants who may believe that it’s
best to forget about what happened in the past.
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS

The researchers gathered the responses and data through the conducted

interview. The responses were transcribed and formed into themes. Here are the

following:

Theme No. 1. People share information on social media in haste, despite the fact

that they are aware it is fake news. Social media is a platform that allows its users to

choose what they post and share. The majority of the students interviewed stated that it

is a person’s responsibility to be aware of misleading information and to avoid sharing it.

In line with this, Participant J expressed, “Yes of course if misleading information can

bring harm to other people it’s not ano baya kining sa atong school proper or kanang

kung unsa ra dapat nato tuohan diba we have a theme “think before you click” so as a

student we know naman like we are like we have enough knowledge to know if angay

ba na sya ishare or dili na information labi na if feel nato na false information.” (Yes, of

course, misleading information can cause harm to other people. In our school, we have

this theme: “Think before you click.” So, as a student, we already know what we should

do. We have enough knowledge to know if we should share the information or not,

especially if we feel the information is wrong.) Those are the possible outcomes when

sharing information that may lead to misinformation, but Participant J chooses not to

share it. Sharing information that appears to have come from untrustworthy sources,

particularly when it comes to publicly displayed fake news. To avoid the spread of

misinformation, a person must know when to post and share information, regardless of
its reliability. Similarly, Participant F stated, “Yes,pag naa kay kuan nahibauhan dili na

lang nimo i share imo na lang to kaugalingon kay kung i share man gyud nimo mas mo

kuan ang mas po spread ang fake news kay kung mag sulti ka nga oyyy si kuan mao ni

mao na ma ilihan man gyud tong kuan i spread man pud to niya ang tabi niya mas ma

daot tong isa ka candidate. para sa ako it’s your responsibility to keep your own opinion

pwede nimo siya e speak but you have to know when is the right time to listen and

when is the right time to speak monaang ibutang sa imong hunahuna permanente dili

ta every time we have freedom of expression pero dili pod every time are freedom of

expression needed sa uban so ato gyud ilhon sa daan kung need ba gyud siya.” (Yes, if

you know something, don't tell it to others, just keep it to yourself because if you tell it to

others, the fake news will spread more because if you say it they know what it is, so

they will know and then tell it to others so a candidate can be ruined, just for me it's your

responsibility to keep your own opinion you can tell it to others. Still, you have to know

when is the right time to listen and when is the right time to speak so you always

remember not always every time we have freedom of expression but also not every time

freedom of expression is needed by others so let's see if they really needed it.) Their

responses reveal that everyone is responsible for their actions and deeds. They are the

ones who bear responsibility if they choose to share false information or avoid it.

Theme No. 2. The majority of the students agreed that historical material should

be critically analyzed. It has been crucial for students to develop skills in historical

sense-making, to think historically, and to be able to discern from this “confused tangle"

of what is history. As stated by Participant A, “Yes, because you know tanan gyud mu

critical sa ilang pagbusisa sa tanan mga candidate especially tong sa nahitabo sa

election daghan ang mga na misled tungod lang sa mga post. (Yes, because everyone

should be critical in scrutinizing all the candidates, especially given what happened in

the election, in which many people were misled by all the information and posts.) In his

response, it is clear that critical thinking is required for a straightforward and most likely

account of what may have happened in the past. But the other respondent say

otherwise. Participant G voiced out that, “Kinahanglan natong tun-an ang atong

kasaysayan ug dawaton usab ang kamatuoran nga ang mga panghitabo dili na mabalik

sa panahon.” (We should study our history and also accept the fact that those

happenings can’t be back in time.) This means that for other students, the application of

critical thinking is a must in history. However, there is no going back to what happened

in the past. All you have to do now is look forward and avoid repeating the past. This

concludes that history must not repeat itself.

Theme No. 3. Most students have come across misinformation on social media

platforms. For many people, social media has become an excellent source of

information. People of all ages are drawn to social media because it requires little effort

to use and access sites, as well as the convenience of information sharing. But the

respondents say otherwise. Majority even said that social media is a great source of

misinformation and disinformation. Participant J affirms this, “Yes, daghan mantag

makita nga information sa biskan asa nga social media platform like facebook,

Instagram, twitter or any other media platform but not all information is true or fact like

need nato sya icomfirm sa before nato bitaw sya ishare like that kay ang social media

yes it can be crucial instrument sa mga ingon ana pero dili lang gyud ta mag basta

basta we need back up sources. (Yes, we have a lot of information that we see on any
social media platform such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and any other media

platform, but not all information is true or factual. We need to confirm it first before we

can share it. We should not believe social media because it has the potential to be a

valuable tool for everyone, including those who want to spread false information. We will

need backup sources.) These statements show the misinformation they encountered on

social media and how they dealt with it. 

Theme No. 4. Most students are competent enough to fact-check the information

they obtain from the internet. It has been expected that during the election season,

there would be many historical inaccuracies and revisionism that were allegedly created

for a specific presidential candidate and circulated on every social media platform.

Almost 8 out of 10 students interviewed said they had come across misinformation and

had fact-checked the information they obtained from the internet. According to

Participant C, “Not really pointing out my expertise, but I am expert enough to fact check

the information.” This implies that students are capable enough to fact-check and

differentiate reliable information from misinformation. As what the respondent said.

Furthermore, in addition to fact-checking information, they conduct extensive

background research to determine whether the article or information came from a

reliable source. Participant F said, “For me kung naa kay nagustuhan nga during

election period nga candidate para sa presidency imo pangitaon iyang background kay

kuan naman siya nahulog mana siya popular nga tao so nag daghan na gyud na siya

og mga articles nga nabuhat about sa ilaha regardness sa ilang family na gyud nay mga

articles nabuhat so, imoha lang gyud u need to explore kay internet naman karon dali

na kaayo mo pag search diba no dili nimo gyud I base ana(For me, if you like a
candidate for the presidency during the election, look for his/her background. If He/She

already is a popular person you can easily find what she/he has done and articles also

that regardless about her/his family. Just explore the internet about your candidate.

Because nowadays it is easier to gather info because the internet is based on it.)”. Their

responses revealed that, despite false information spreading on social media platforms,

they are confident and knowledgeable enough to fact-check such information.

Theme No. 5. The advantages and disadvantages of social media, especially during the

election period. According to the interview, candidates relied more on social media to

reach out to more voters during the pandemic. The use of social media on campaign

rallies has a great significance for this year’s election. Participant A stated that,

“Advantages, easily accessible sa mga tao nga mubasa sa mga platform sa mga tao

nga mubasa sa mga platform sa mga candidate on the other hand the disadvantages

like daghan ang misleading news as what you have presented to me daghan ang mga

distorted or diverted nga mga truth and facts(The advantages are that it is easily

accessible to all people to read the platforms of each candidate. On the other hand, the

disadvantages are that there is a lot of misleading news, like what you have presented

to me. There are many distorted or misrepresented truths and facts.)” Aside from the

benefits of using social media during this election season, social media has become

biased in favor of certain candidates in terms of information sharing. Participant D said,

“Social media is 90% bias from to their critical candidate solid BBM, solid Leni or any

other candidate most are going for some sort of like their own believe or bias instead of

research most of the time (Most of the time, social media is almost 90% biased towards

their critical candidates, be it solid BBM, solid Leni, or any other candidate. Most are
going for some sort of belief or bias instead of doing research.)”. Also, participant F

expressed, “Ang advantages sa social media maka spread kag awareness on how

good ang imohang gi supportahan nga candidate og ang negative side niya is the

opposite pud niya nga magamit pod nimo siya sa negativity nga gi critizise nimo ang

isa ka tao gi gi desriminate nimo iyang pagkasiya unya naka apil napod siya nga dili gay

kadtong president ang imo or candidate para sa president imohang gi kuan supporta

kundi naka daot usa ka tao nga opinion kay every time nga naay mag post niya nga nag

support kay mao ni niya mo comment dayon ka nga dili man siya deserve kay mao ni

ana for some reason mao nang iyang negative side niya ang positive side niya maka

influence ka nga si kuan maayo daw siya nga kuan kay mao na iyang platform kung

modaog as a president so, ang ato lang gyud kay sabton gyud nato ang usa ka tao

kung unsa pod iyang nabuhat kana naman sila wala man na sila ni dagan as a

president diritso ni dagan paman sila as, naay uban senator naay uban lawyers so imo

sa gud na siya I kuan isliksik nimo sa tagalog mag research gyud ka kung unsa

iyahang mga ka agi sa una kay dira nimo makita kung deserve ba gyud niya mahimong

president sa isa ka nation.(The advantages of social media are that you can spread

awareness about how good the candidate you are supporting is. The negative sides of it

are the opposite of advantages because you can also use it to criticize someone or

discriminate against being, it not only harms your chosen president or your candidate

but it also affects the opinion of the people, for some reason that is the negative side of

social media, On the positive side, it can influence how good your candidate is and

her/his platform if she/he can win the presidency, it’s up to us to understand what they

have done, because the current candidate can also go maybe they first went on to
become senators or lawyers, so just research what they went through in the first place

because there you can see if they deserve to be the president of our country.)” Their

responses revealed that, there has been a positive and negative effect of relying on

social media to gather information for this year election.

APPENDICES

Appendix A

Interview Protocol

Date: ______________________________

Interviewer: Students of Agusan National High School – SHS

Department

Interviewee: ______________________________

This study is entitled: “Info Nation: A qualitative research on how ANHS students are

dealing with the influx of information during election season”. This seeks to find the
answers to research questions relevant to the personal experiences and struggles of

ANHS students to show how they dealt with the mass influx of information about the

election. Below are the questions to be used during the interview proper:

1. During the elections period were you able to identify news that might be

considered as disinformation or misleading?

1.1 Were you able to distinguish it as reliable information?

1.2 As a student of ANHS do you think it is a student’s responsibility to know

misleading information and avoid sharing it?

1.3 What should a student like you do when seeing information that might be

misleading?

2. During the election period there was a lot of historical inaccuracies and

revisionism that were allegedly created for a certain presidential candidate were

you adept enough to fact- check this information?

2.1 Do you think it is very crucial for us to fact check information, especially

information about history?

2.2 As a student of ANHS what do you think makes up a reliable source of

information?

2.3 Do you think that historical revisionism is an example of distortion of history?

3. What are your thoughts on the result of this year’s election season?
3.1.Do you think that social media has been a crucial instrument in the election

this year?

3.2. As a student of ANHS do you think that we should apply critical thinking

especially information about our history?

3.3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of social media especially

during the election period?

 APPENDIX B

Participant’s Consent

“INFO NATION: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON HOW ANHS STUDENTS

ARE DEALING WITH THE INFLUX OF INFORMATION DURING THE
ELECTION SEASON”

Dear Participants,

You are invited to participate in a research study conducted by

the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Students

from Agusan National High School – Senior High School Department.

The purpose of this research is to understand and highlight the

personal experiences and struggles of ANHS students and how they

handle the mass influx of information during the election season.

Your participation will involve a face to face interview and will

be recorded to generate answers. It will then be transcribed and

classified into themes which will provide answers for the research

questions.

There are no known risks associated with your participation in

this study. Optimum objectivity will be observed at all times. Your

privacy will be ensured and will be a priority to us. We will ensure you

that we will prioritize your comfort and anonymity. Your identity will

remain confidential and no information from the interview will be

disclosed publicly.

Your participation in this research study is voluntary. You have

the choice to withdraw any time and refuse to answer any question

without any consequence of any kind. Also, my participation on this

research will allow me to receive updates on the progress of the

research.

I have read this consent form and voluntarily agree to

participate in this research study.

Participant’s signature: _____________________

Date: ____________________

Researchers’ name and signature:

ALAIZAH S. ABDUL

JAY V. ARBELO

JULIANA NICOLE L. BUENO

ANNA MARIE B. EHILLA

PHILIP ANDREW R. LUMINARIAS

IRENE M. VIOS
 APPENDIX C

Transmittal Letter

Department of Education
Caraga Region
Division of Butuan City
Agusan National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
______________________________________________________________________

May 18, 2022

DENNIS R. ROA, DPA

School Principal IV
Agusan National High School

Thru:
RUTH A. CASTROMAYOR
Assistant Principal IV
Senior High School

Dear Sir,

We are Grade 11 student-researchers from Agusan National High School –

Senior High School under the STEM strand. We are currently working on our research
paper for our Practical Research 1 subject titled “Info Nation: A qualitative research on
how ANHS students are dealing with the influx of information during election season”.
This study seeks to deepen the knowledge of the experiences of participants in dealing
with the influx of information about the election.

In line with this, we would like to ask your good office to allow us to conduct our
study and interview outside the Agusan National High School campus and to include the
farmers as participants for a voluntary participation. We further assure you that we will
keep their identity anonymous and the data that they will provide will be confidential and
will not be disclosed publicly.
 Your positive response to this request is very much appreciated. Thank you and
God bless.
Yours respectfully,

ALAIZAH S. ABDUL

JAY V. ARBELO

JULIANA NICOLE L. BUENO

ANNA MARIE B. EHILLA

PHILIP ANDREW R. LUMINARIAS

IRENE M. VIOS

Checked by:

HAZEL H. MONTEDERAMOS
Research Adviser

Noted:

JENNY LYN T. NALUPA, PhD Practical

Research Subject Group Head
Recommending Approval:

RUTH A. CASTROMAYOR
Assistant Principal IV

Approved:

DENNIS R. ROA, DPA

Principal IV
 APPENDIX C

Documentation
 APPENDIX D

Transcriptions and Translations of the Interview

1. During the elections period were you able to identify news that might be

considered as disinformation or misleading?

1.1 Were you able to distinguish it as reliable information?

1.2 As a student of ANHS do you think it is a student’s responsibility to know

misleading information and avoid sharing it?

1.3 What should a student like you do when seeing information that might be

misleading?

2. During the election period there was a lot of historical inaccuracies and

revisionism that were allegedly created for a certain presidential candidate were

you adept enough to fact- check this information?

2.1 Do you think it is very crucial for us to fact check information, especially

information about history?

2.2 As a student of ANHS what do you think makes up a reliable source of

information?

2.3 Do you think that historical revisionism is an example of distortion of history?

3. What are your thoughts on the result of this year’s election season?
 3.1.Do you think that social media has been a crucial instrument in the election

this year?

3.2. As a student of ANHS do you think that we should apply critical thinking

especially information about our history?

3.3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of social media especially

during the election period?

Participant A:

- Oh Yes (Yes)

- Yes

- Yes because it can ruin the reputation of everyone if they will believe in fake

news and also it can uhm aw okay bisaya everyone must scrutinize every post

that promulgated in social media kay kung magtakataka ra sila ug tuo sa social

media daghan man gud ug fake news karon mga trolls naga spread ug mga

news na dili appropriate sa mga viewers and readers (Yes, everyone should

criticize every post that is promulgated on any social media platform, and

everything should be double checked before we believe what we see or read.

This information can be faked and can possibly spread around the nation. There

are a lot of trolls who spread false information, even if it’s not appropriate for the

viewers or readers.)
- Maybe I will correct it with some accurate and true information.

- Yes

- Yes

- Maybe reliable information like news dili lang kanang mga pages, unreliable

pages(Maybe reliable information such as news, not just any pages, unreliable

pages)

- Yes

- It is a little bit disappointing but we must respect the majority cause we are living

in democracy (It is a little bit disappointing, but we must respect the majority

because we are living in a democracy.)

- Yes

- Yes, because you know tanan gyud mu critical sa ilang pagbusisa sa tanan mga

candidate especially tong sa nahitabo sa election daghan ang mga na misled

tungod lang sa mga post (Yes, because everyone should be critical in scrutinizing

all the candidates, especially given what happened in the election, in which many

people were misled by all the information and posts.)

- Advantages, easily accessible sa mga tao nga mubasa sa mga platform sa mga

tao nga mubasa sa mga platform sa mga candidate on the other hand the

disadvantages like daghan ang misleading news as what you have presented to

me daghan ang mga distorted or diverted nga mga truth and facts (The
 advantages are that it is easily accessible to all people to read the platforms of

each candidate. On the other hand, the disadvantages are that there is a lot of

misleading news, like what you have presented to me. There are many distorted

or misrepresented truths and facts.)

Participant B:

- Yes, I have identified a lot of information about that.

- Yes

- Yes, not just the students but especially the voters also.

- If I share it on social media, specifically on Facebook, as soon as I know that it is

not true I will delete it right away. And if I shared it in person, I will clarify it to that

person that it is not true.

- I’m not skilled enough to fact check information.

- Yes it is crucial and important and you should check it carefully especially in

history because it can be changed from time to time.

- One reliable source of information is strong evidence, if you have strong

evidence you can use it as a proof .

- Yes since it is like revising the history and in that way people can be confused of

what is reliable and not.

- Whoever wins they deserve it.

 - Yes

- Yes

- The advantages since almost all seek Information in social media, it can give

information of how the politician ran it’s campaign and what’s happening and

what are the events whereas the disadvantage is social media can also give

misleading information.

Participant C:

- Yes, I can do that to find a use that is unreliable with the use of critical

thinking.(Yes)

- Yes if it has strong evidence and No if it doesn’t have any.

- It depends. If the new sources have verified sources, then I will say yes. If the

news has no verified sources whatsoever, then I will say no. (Yes we have.)

- The option is to report that news to the administrator or moderator to keep that

misleading out of the public (The obvious option is we should report it to the

admin or moderators to keep that misleading info from the public.)

- Not really pointing out my expertise, but I am expert enough to fact check the

information (Not really bragging about my mastery but I am smart enough to fact

check information.)
 - Yes, so that we can gain knowledge about the happenings from the past (Yes, so

we could gain knowledge about the past and our history.)

- A reliable source of information must be accurate, argumentable, organized,

understandable, has deep research and most importantly supported with strong

evidence.

- It depends on how it is used but mostly it is important to find the truth in the past

occurrence, so I say no.

- My thoughts were that the occurrence of this election is just much expected as

everyone does, the winning candidate is fit enough to become a part in the

government and I see no errors in that.

- Of course, it is necessary to appliance(Yes it does)

- Of course it is necessary.

- The advantages is that social media helps the news to spread internationally in a

split of seconds, which is efficient. But the disadvantage is that the news can be

easily changed by the trailers with inaccurate information with just ease. The

worst scenario is that the set inaccurate news means spread worldwide, giving

the viewer a misunderstanding towards the news (The advantages is that the

news can spread in a split second, but the disadvantages can be easily distorted

and make it misleading.)

Participant D:
- Sometimes

- No, not really; there are numerous sources. I can’t figure out the ones that are

credible (No not really there’s multiple sources I can’t figure out the one’s

credible)

- Yes

- Inform others about the misinformation.

- Hmm I wasn’t fact check uhm I haven’t research myself so I can’t say if its invalid

or not (I didn’t fact-check. I haven’t researched myself, so I can’t say if it’s invalid

or not.)

- Absolutely

- Reliable sources of information are documentation, like multiple sources, I guess,

as well as data forms, like cases or some divining information like the Marcos

family.

- Yes

- Surprising

- Yes, I see a lot of posts weeks before they appear everywhere.

- Absolutely, yes.

- Most of the time, social media is almost 90% biased towards their critical

candidates, be it solid BBM, solid LENI, or any other candidate. Most are going
 for some sort of belief or bias instead of doing research. (Social media is 90%

bias from to their critical candidate solid BBM, solid Leni or any other candidate

most are going for some sort of like their own believe or bias instead of research

most of the time)

Participant E:

- Yes

- Yes

- Yes

- You can report it or call it out that she or he is doing fake news.

- Yes

- Yes

- When the information is legit and from a good source.

- Yes

- It is the people's choice

- Yes

- Yes
 - The advantages are you can easily spread the good side of the candidate while

the disadvantages are you can also easily be brainwashed or influenced by the

people.

Participant F:

- Yes, some of the news gyud kay naay gyud fake news usahay kay daoton ang

other partylist other nga candidates sa ilang candidacy during the election dili

baya na siya mawala is like a part of our culture na gyud nga mag dinaotay

during the election to have kuan gyud ta kanang a leader nga deserve. (Yes,

some of the news also has fake news. Sometimes they even mash the other

party list or the other candidates to their candidacy during the election; it will not

disappear as if it has become part of our culture that we have to mash the

candidates during the election to have a leader that is deserving.)

- Hmmm kuan mag base ta anang sources for example news dili tanan news

anchors kay favor atong candidate during the kuan period of election dili gyud

siya kanang didto nga person kuan naka iyang heart didto nakalaan, for example

dili lang ta mag name og network but naay isa ka netwrok here in the philippines

na kuan they use to brag other candidates for presidency nga dili daw kono

deserve kay walay kadtong unsa to education iyang ing ana back ground nga

nice unya wala daw nahuman ang kuan gud niya degree as a econimcs nga

expert ingon pa nila. (Let’s base on sources, for example, the news, not all news

anchors are in favor of our candidate during the election period so, that person

does not dedicate his heart to our candidate, for example, we will not mention

the name of the network but there is a network here in the Philippines they use
 to brag other candidates for the presidency that he doesn’t deserve to be the

president of the Philippines because he doesn’t have a good background and he

didn’t finish his degree where he should be an expert in economics, that’s what

they said.)

- Yes,pag naa kay kuan nahibauhan dili na lang nimo I share, imo na lang to

kaugalingon kay kung I share man gyud nimo mas mo kuan ang mas po spread

ang fake news kay kung mag sulti ka nga oyyy si kuan mao ni mao na ma ilihan

man gyud tong kuan I spread man pud to niya ang tabi niya mas ma daot tong

isa ka candidate. Para sa ako it’s your responsibility to keep your own opinion

pwede nimo siya e speak but you have to know when is the right time to listen

and when is the right time to speak mao na ang ibutang sa imong huna huna

permente dili ta every time we have freedom of expression pero dili pod every

time are freedom of expression needed sa uban so ato gyud ilhon sa daan kung

need ba gyud siya. (Yes, if you know something, don’t tell it to others, just keep it

to yourself because if you tell it to others, the fake news will spread more

because if you say it, they know what it is, so they will know and then tell it. To

others, so a candidate can be ruined, just for me, it’s your responsibility to keep

your own opinion you can tell it to others. Still, you have to know when is the

right time to listen and when is the right time to speak so you always remember

not always every time we have freedom of expression but also not every time

freedom of expression is needed by others so let’s see if they really needed it.)

- Do more on research kay sa reasearch kay daghan authors nga authentic naa

pud uban nga dili reliable so you have to find resources nga authentic gyud siya
 and realated sa imoha kay kung dili ka related dili gyud na nimo siya masabot

dapat kung mag search ka kung unsay imong question sa mine mao ra pod

imong e search ba wala naka makuha mislead para dili ma over imong na

search ba. (Do more on research because research has many authors who are

authentic but there are also others who are not reliable, so you have to find

resources that are authentic and related to yourself because if it is not related to

yourself you can’t relate to that information so you should. Search what is your

question in yourself that’s also research so that you don’t get misled and that you

don’t get overloaded with your research.)

- For me kung naa kay nagustuhan nga during election period nga candidate para

sa presidency imo pangitaon iyang background kay kuan naman siya nahulog

mana siya popular nga tao so nag daghan na gyud na siya og mga articles nga

nabuhat about sa ilaha regardness sa ilang family na gyud nay mga articles

nabuhat so, imoha lang gyud u need to explore kay internet naman karon dali na

kaayo mo pag search diba no dili nimo gyud I base ana. (For me, if you like a

candidate for the presidency during the election, look for his background. He

already is a popular person. You can easily find what she/he has done and

articles also that regardless about her/his family. Just explore the internet about

your candidate. Because nowadays it is easier to gather info because the

internet is based on it.)

- Yes dili man gyud tanan nasa history tama, naay uban na revise na during

period of times. (Yes, not everything in history is right, others revise it over a

period of time.)
- As a student we are obligated nga mag make o research, kani siya nga kuan sab

butang nga giapngbuhat sa atoa is an example of authentic and reliable sources

kay dili baya tanan magbuhat ani og basta basta kung wala tay kanang mga

documents nga gi support nga naputanayan gyud nga tinood to siya authentic

gyud to siya dili siya fake news so ingana lang gyud. (As a student we are

obligated to do research, just like we are asked to do, right now it is an example

of authentic and reliable sources because we don’t just do it easily because we

don’t have documents that prove that it is true and authentic or fake news.)

- Dili sab kuan lang gyud naay uban gi revise lang nila para mo nindot ilahang

ngalan tahay sa history pero wala gyud to silay nabuhat, naay uban ing ana

gusto lang nila nay part sa history pero wala gyud silay nabuhat. (Of course not,

they just revised something to make their name better but in fact, they haven’t

done anything like what was written in their history, there are also others who

just want to be part of history but they haven’t really done anything in the nation.)

- Happy,happy ko bisag kinsay mo daog, as long as ma lead ta niya sa sakto

bitaw nga nation unya ang nahitabo nga problema sa atoa karon like taxix

garabe pag tubo sa mga palitonon sa pliti ang tanan tanan nga pareha sa pag

eskwela karon na tana ma matubunan nila needs sa students nga naay face to

face napektohan na bitaw atong mental health niya tana atong next presedent

or atong bago nga president rather nga mag focus siya sa kuan sa mga bata nga

nag skwela. (Happy, I’m happy whoever wins as long as he can lead us on the

right path, right now our problem in our country is the increase in taxes and

utilities and fees and others like just studying, I hope they can cover the need of
 today’s students is that we are face to face, because mental health has been

affected, so hopefully, the next president or the new president will focus on the

young students.)

- Yess, kay naay uban mag hatag og mga negative comments nga ma ca affect sa

uban nga supporters so, ako lang respect. (Yes, because there are others who

give negative comments that affect other supporters, just respect.)

- Yes , focus ta ana para mahibaohan na gyud nato unsay gyud diay sa una og sa

karon ato ,ma differentiate. (Yes, let’s just focus so that we know what was in the

past and now, to differentiate. )

- Ang advantages sa social media maka spread kag awareness on how good ang

imohang gi supportahan nga candidate og ang negative side niya is the opposite

pud niya nga magamit pod nimo siya sa negativity nga gi critizise nimo ang isa

ka tao gi gi desriminate nimo iyang pagkasiya unya naka apil napod siya nga dili

gay kadtong president ang imo or candidate para sa president imohang gi kuan

supporta kundi naka daot usa ka tao nga opinion kay every time nga naay mag

post niya nga nag support kay mao ni niya mo comment dayon ka nga dili man

siya deserve kay mao ni ana for some reason mao nang iyang negative side

niya ang positive side niya maka influence ka nga si kuan maayo daw siya nga

kuan kay mao na iyang platform kung modaog as a president so, ang ato lang

gyud kay sabton gyud nato ang usa ka tao kung unsa pod iyang nabuhat kana

naman sila wala man na sila ni dagan as a president diritso ni dagan paman sila

as, naay uban senator naay uban lawyers so imo sa gud na siya I kuan isliksik

nimo sa tagalog mag research gyud ka kung unsa iyahang mga ka agi sa una
 kay dira nimo makita kung deserve ba gyud niya mahimong president sa isa ka

nation. (The advantages of social media are that you can spread awareness

about how good the candidate you are supporting is. The negative sides of it are

the opposite of advantages because you can also use it to criticize someone or

discriminate against being, it not only harms your chosen president or your

candidate but it also affects the opinion of the people, for some reason that is

the negative side of social media, On the positive side, it can influence how good

your candidate is and her/his platform if she/he can win the presidency, it’s up to

us to understand what they have done, because the current candidate can also

go maybe they first went on to become senators or lawyers, so just research

what they went through in the first place because there you can see if they

deserve to be the president of our country.)

Participant G:

- Hmmm para sa ako wala kaayo koy nabasahan na fake articles kay mostly mura

kog naka give ug information sa ako ang cousin mostly kay sila ang murag

invested kaayo sa election (Hmm, for me I haven’t really read fake articles

because mostly I give information to my cousins because they are the ones who

are really invested with the election.)

- Oo(Yes)

- Oo dapat gyud kay its for our future man not for our future but for the little kids

man pod kay its naa man ang president man ang nag gunit sa, ayh ang future
 government man ang murag mag mag lead sa ato so we should (Yes it is

necessary because it’s for our future because the government will lead us.)

- Much better to just ah say nga if maka basa sila ana na article pwede mo ingon

na fake news or its not true (It is much better to do when you have read a fake

article, you’ll just comment on it that it’s fake and not true.)

- Yes

- Yeah

- Background check e-identify if its true or not legitimate or not (Background check,

Identify if its true or not, legitimate or not.)

- Yes? Ahh okay, no kay its all in the past. O kay history man every times changed

(Uhhh No because it’s already in the past.)

- Some ano voters are toxic and some are ano like murag nag quite na lang sila

for iwas ano toxicity (Some voters are toxic and some are quite for them to avoid

toxicity.)

- Yeah, yes.

- We also should know our history tas ato e accept ang kanang dili murag ma kuan

abot sa ato time (We should study our history and also accept the fact that those

happenings can’t be back in time.)

- Ang disadvantage kay some article tas some ano news kay fake and some kay

legit and some pud na murag ge show nila kung unsa ka trustworthy ila
 candidate (The disadvantage is that some articles or some unreliable news are

fake, but some are legit and some just show how trustworthy their candidate is.)

Participant H:

- Yes

- No

- Yes

- Kuan, dili lang ko mutuo ato na news, then dli nalang to I spread para gamay ra

ang population na makabalo na ato na misleading man diay na news, para dili

pud sila ma misled (I will just not believe that news and I won’t spread that news

to anyone so that they can’t be misled by fake news.)

- Yes

- Yes

- Mag research kaayo, then mag ask og kanang na sila ato na panahon, kay para

true pud naay facts. Kay ang research man gud karon kay dili tanan facts (You

need to dig into deep research and ask those people who experienced it in those

times to prove it is reliable and true because research now is not all true and

reliable.)

- Yes

- Absolutely yes
 - Yes

- Yes

- Ang advantages niya kay daghan tag makat-unan sa mga news especially kay

halos tanan naga use na gyud og social media, pero ang disadvantage pud niya

kay daghan pudmo spread na mga fake news na maka led og misinformation

(The advantage is that many people will know about the news specially most of

us now use social media while the disadvantage is fake news can also be easily

spread that can mislead to others.)

Participant I:

- Yes

- No

- 100% Yes

- I will tell everyone that this certain information is misleading and I will report it.

- Yes

- Yes

- If the news article is made from a reliable source for example verified pages or

outcount or like news outlets were there more not being biased in their site .

- Yes, very much yes

 - My thought on this election was pretty much not that smooth sailing from the

problems of the voting counting VCMs and also the misinformation during that

period.

- Yes

- 100% yes

- For the advantages candidates can share their platform so it can be accessible to

all since social media is very much vital for everyone to the voters, also the

disadvantages of social media is grand wear it is not 100% super secure to be

true so some information that spreading during this election can disinformation

and fake news.

Participant J:

- Yes

- I’ll be able to distinguish if its reliable information if ano we’re just ano bitaw

mabinantayon ta na tao kanang di ta basta basta mutuo para makabalo ta if

dapat bana tuohan reliable ba na information ato na hear. (I’ll be able to

distinguish reliable information if we’re just cautious. We shouldn’t just believe it

eventually. We should know if we should believe it or not. Is that information

reliable or not?)

- Yes of course if misleading information can bring harm to other people it’s not

ano baya kining sa atong school proper or kanang kung unsa ra dapat nato

tuohan diba we have a theme “think before you click” so as a student we know
 naman like we are like we have enough knowledge to know if angay ba na sya

ishare or dili na information labi na if feel nato na false information. (Yes, of

course, misleading information can cause harm to other people. In our school,

we have this theme: “Think before you click.” So, as a student, we already know

what we should do. We have enough knowledge to know if we should share the

information or not, especially if we feel the information is wwrong.)

- For me before nako sya ishare sa others I will keep na lang sa saakong self

before nako sya ishare I’ll make sure sa kung tinood ba, reliable ba kay this can

lead to misleading as what have you’ve mention to your question. (For me,

before I share the information, I’ll keep it for a while before I share it with others.

I’ll first make sure that the information is true if it is reliable or not, because this

can lead to misleading as what you mentioned in your question.)

- Yes of course

- Yes, because before ta mag share ug information to others di nato ijudge para dili

ta makaspreaf ug kanang mga fake news lalo na sa atong history because

history is very important to us Filipinos dili pwede na atong maspread sa ibang

tao is all about fake news para dili sad fake news ilang ma spread sa uban kundi

ang unsa gyuy tinuod. (Yes, because before we share the information we have,

we need to judge or see if it’s true or not. We cannot spread fake news,

especially when it comes to our history. History is so important for us Filipinos

that we need to make sure that the information we spread is true for us to make

sure that the information we’re spreading is the real one.)

- Reliable sya if naa syay credible source or credible background na musupport sa

kana nga information, fake pud sya if nakita lang nimo sya sa facebook ug sa
 kanang mga information na gispread lang sa people dili sya proven by any

source mangita tag pamaagi na maconfirm nato sya. (It is reliable if it has a

credible source or a credible background to back up the information. If you only

see it on Facebook and the information is simply spread to people, it is a fraud. It

has not been proven by any source. We should take action to confirm this

information.)

- Siguro depende sa situation I don’t really understand the question tho I guess the

history can affect what’s happening in the present days it is all connected after

all. (It really depends on the situation. I really don’t understand the question

personally, though. I guess history can affect what’s happening in the present

day. It is all connected, after all.)

- I’m happy as long as he/she could lead us to the right path.

- Yes, daghan mantag Makita nga information sa biskan asa nga social media

platform like facebook, Instagram, twitter or any other media platform but not all

information is true or fact like need nato sya icomfirm sa before nato bitaw sya

ishare like that kay ang social media yes it can be crucial instrument sa mga

ingon ana pero dili lang gyud ta mag basta basta we need back up sources. (Yes,

we have a lot of information that we see on any social media platform such as

Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and any other social media platform, but not all

information is true or factual. We need to confirm it first before we can share it.

We should not believe social media because it has the potential to be a valuable

tool for everyone, including those who want to spread false information. We will

need backup sources.)

- Of course uy critical thinking is kanang part mana sya sa atong lesson karon

kanang critical thinking maka widen mana sa atong ideas but dili lang gyud ta

basta basta mutuo ana mura bitaw ug atong mind is kaning mu widen pa sya

kunyari naa kay information ani muwide pa sya ba dili lang ka mag focus sa kato

nga information na gihatag sa imo something ana so its necessary din. (Critical

thinking can widen our ideas, but we shouldn’t just believe it. Our minds widen if

we are given more information. For example, if you discover a new piece of

information, it would increase your knowledge. You just need to focus on the

information that is given to you, so it is necessary to add new information to your

mind.)

- Disadvantage for me is nay uban guise ang social media to ruin some reputation

of some candidates kapareha sa katong karon nga election then sa advantages

pud is we can spread awareness about this ano this issue with this election sa

kining social media soon in the future magamit nato sya, nay mga post diria nga

Makita pa sa mga generation di lang sa atua. (The disadvantage, in my opinion,

is that some people utilize social media to destroy the reputations of politicians,

as shown in the current election. However, one of the advantages of using social

media during the last election is that we can increase awareness about this

issue. Social media will be used in the near future. There will be a post seen by

the following generation.)