A research presented to the faculty of

Basic Education Department - Senior High School

Lyceum of Alabang
Km. 30 National Road, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the students of

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

By

Aguirre, Angelo G.
Alvarez, Erich Anne
Dela Paz, Vanessa Paula P.
Guiterrez, Gabrielle V.
Monleon, Jake Teoros D.
Tibay, Charlize Aiyana B.
Viray, Maria Jenella
 CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

I. Background of the Study

The communication channels via which we transmit news, music, entertainment,

education, branded content, and other information are referred to as media, which is the
plural of the word medium. It encompasses digital and print newspapers, magazines,
billboards, radio, television, the Internet, telephone, and such. It describes the
numerous channels society uses for connection. Since it incorporates all forms of
communication, the term "media" can be used to describe anything from a phone call to
the nightly news on television. The significance of mainstream media has increased
over the past 20 years (Durdu & Walsh, 2005) As more and more people turn to the
Internet for news, entertainment, and education, websites such as various social media
platforms are quickly becoming viable and significant channels of medium. To
comprehend the effects of communication, it is crucial to know how individuals utilize or
are "exposed" to media. This is particularly difficult in light of the media landscape's
rising fragmentation and the shift to online settings where people can access or produce
a huge range of content at any time and from any location. (Durdu, 2005) The transition
to digital environments also creates a number of chances for passive measurement
using tracking data or real-time feedback, which can both help to learn more about how
people consume media. The degree to which audience members have observed
particular messages or groups of communications/media content is referred to as media
exposure (Slater, 2004,). This is an easy simple definition, there are measuring and
conceptual difficulties with the term "encountered." However, this measure has the
drawback of potentially attracting a wide spectrum of the public's attention.
 In the daily lives of children and teenagers, media exposure and consumption
have increased to previously unheard-of levels of intensity, ubiquity, diversity,
simultaneity, and connection. This research addresses the complex issue of whether
media use and exposure can operate as risk factors for the emergence of aggressive
behavior. To assess the degree to which television/movies, video games, the internet,
music, and media in general may affect aggressive behaviors in kids and teenagers,
this research examines the most recent and reliable empirical evidence from meta-
analyses and longitudinal studies (Gentile & Linder, 2003). Numerous studies have
consistently shown that exposure to violent media seems to enhance aggressive
behavior, thoughts, and sentiments in kids, teens, and adults.
young people (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). Correlational (e.g., Fling et al., 1992;
Griffiths & Hunt, 1995) and experimental (e.g., Anderson & Dill, 2000; Ballard &
Lineberger, 1999) approaches have been used to discover this association. However,
despite these findings, many continue to understate the effects of media violence.

II. Objective of the Study

The study objective contains the content of a research paper to show the researchers’
intention and goal of the study. It also serves as a guide to specify data collection,
analysis, and identification of variables that will be used in the study.

This study seeks to investigate the relationship of media exposure to aggression and
the attachment of mobile devices and its possible effect by using questionnaire surveys
on Senior High School Students of Lyceum of Alabang batch 2022 - 2023.
 III. Statement of the Problem

PURPOSE STATEMENT:

This study aims to analyze and identify how the amount of media consumption relates
to aggression.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

● How many hours do you spend surfing on the internet?

● Do you feel some sort of attachment towards your mobile device?
● How can the media influence aggressive forms of deviance?
● Which of the Following Media do you consume the most in your
daily life? - TV, Internet, Films, Music, Books, Magazines, Blogs

IV. Hypothesis

Based on the purpose statement, this study is to identify how the amount of media
people consume affects their emotions, specifically stressors for aggression. The
researchers theorize that specific online platforms and the amount of time being spent
online are stressors for aggressive behaviors.
 V. Conceptual Framework

INPUTS

How many hours do you

spend surfing on the OUTPUT
internet? PROCESS

Do you feel some sort of

attachment towards your
mobile device?
Survey

How can media influence Questionnaire

aggressive forms of
deviance?
VI. Theoretical Framework

SLEEP DEPRIVATION

The Use of social media before bedtime can have a negative impact on how
long and well a person sleeps. It can also shorten one’s sleep time and leave a person
feeling tired the next day. The scientific community is only now beginning to assess the
impact of media use on health and well-being. Studies in 2015 established a link
between media engagement and the risk of sleep deprivation. However, other recent
scientific evidence has provided insight into social media's possible role in undermining
sleep and health in young people: They are also more likely to take sleeping pills.
According to other research, young adults are extremely likely to keep their phones or
mobile devices near their beds and to use these devices while in bed.

A study in 2015 of 11-17-year-olds found that social media use was associated
with poor sleep quality. Researchers also discovered a link between teen social media
use and lower self-esteem, as well as elevated levels of anxiety and depression. This
study looked at the time of day as a factor in the effect of social media on sleep and
discovered that using social media at night was especially detrimental to teens' sleep.

Teenagers who spend more than three hours per day on social media are
more likely to go to bed after 23:00 and wake up during the night, according to BBC
News (2019). Based on the study, one in every three teens is affected, with one in every
five spending five hours or more per day on apps like Instagram, WhatsApp, and
Facebook. The University of Glasgow researchers state that 13 to 15-year-olds may be
delaying bedtime by using their phones. Psychiatrists advise avoiding screens an hour
before bed.

As Stated by BBC News there is a study of 12,000 teenagers that found that
getting them off their phones could be "especially difficult" because it was a time of
growing independence, when staying in touch with friends was important. Teenagers
who spent five hours or more per day on social media were around 70% more likely
than average users (one to three hours) to fall asleep late on school nights and after
midnight on other days. The study also adds weight to the theory that time spent on
social media by teenagers is reducing time spent sleeping - and lack of sleep can have
an impact on mental health, weight, and performance at school.

SOCIAL ISOLATION

Engaging in social media, brings likes, upvotes, followers, and other such things.
This results in dopamine. A chemical signal produced by the body to communicate with
the brain. The more likes from the internet, the more dopamine the body produces. This
excess dopamine production impairs a person’s ability to make sound decisions. After a
significant amount of time spent online, it is natural to start avoiding the outside world as
everything is easy in social media. The outside world may scorn anyone for bizarre
fantasies, but the internet will worship them as a god. As a result, the more accepting
the internet is, the more upsetting the outside world will feel.

According to Tristan Harris (2020) Isolation is a result of social media. For him "The
greater your isolation, the more vulnerable you are to conspiracy." You can become
more radicalized, and Harris also stated that, "And you don't want to interact with other
people because you believe they are wrong, and you are right" that makes it one of the
most striking statements in the webinar. "What we really want is connection," and this is
the biggest irony of social media as we know it today. It has connected us all, but it has
also left us hungry for genuine connection. The reason has already been discussed: the
platforms have us glued to our screens for profit maximization, despite the fact that
many of us have become addicted to the next dopamine hit and seek attention in the
form of a digital thumbs up or heart. We require physical contact. We require direct eye
contact. The screen-based version of that is profitable for social media. But, particularly
in a COVID world, we require real-world connectivity.

BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS

People in today's generation place so much emphasis on social media that it

has become their top priority. They are addicted to social media and neglect all of the
important things in their lives, such as family, sports, and school. We can only see the
virtual side of a person on social media platforms. This means we can only see the side
they want us to see. Many people try to present themselves to others as someone they
are not. To some extent, it is acceptable for young people to bully their peers. When it
comes to cyberbullying, however, it affects the other peer because it can appear on
anyone's newsfeed and easily go viral. Such events can sometimes lead to depression
and suicidal ideation. Some young people are extremely easy to persuade. They may
feel the need to change their physical appearance and compare themselves to
everyone they see on social media. Social media provides a powerful temptation. It can
become an addiction for the youth and cause them to become distracted.

According to The Harvard Kennedy School (2019), the media has the ability to shape
people's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Thus, policy interventions utilizing mass
media communication have targeted social norms that influence and encourage gender
violence. Previous research indicates that media has two effects: the individual or direct
effect (private) and the social or indirect effect (public). Individually, media coverage of
new norms may persuade people to accept them. In the social effect, the information
fosters common knowledge of a norm and improves social coordination because
individuals are more likely to accept information if they believe others have also
accepted it. This study looked at whether the media's social mechanism has a greater
impact on changing violent attitudes toward women than its individual mechanism.
VII. Scope and Limitation/Delimitation

The study focuses on the primary factors of media exposure and its relationship
to aggression of Senior High School of Lyceum of Alabang school year 2022-2023.
Recent studies will be used as reference for media consumption and how it affects the
performance of Senior High School Students of Lyceum of Alabang.

Short survey containing questions focusing only on the effects of media exposure
and how it relates to aggression to the Senior High School students, will be used as the
focus of the questions in the survey.
The researchers plan to survey 5 participants from the Senior High School Students of
Lyceum of Alabang, belonging to academic tracks of GAS, HUMSS, and STEM.
The data collection will be conducted to randomly selected students.
Each of the respondents will be given the same questionnaires to answer.
The main source of the data is the questionnaire which is prepared by the researchers.
VII. Significance of the Study

The researchers aims that the following will benefit from this study:

Students - This study will benefit students as they will gain knowledge about the
dangers of media.

Parents- The parents may be knowledgeable regarding this topic and may help them
assist and understand their children.

Teachers- The teachers may help their students be more aware about social media and
guide their students.

Future researchers - They will gain more knowledge about the situation at hand and
the researchers can use this study to add more possible solutions to the proposed
solutions stated in this study.

VIII. Definition of Terms

Media - Means of entertainment, such as radio, magazines, newspapers, and the

internet that people often consume.

Dopamine - A chemical the brain releases that makes a person feel good.

Aggression - Violent behaviors or attitudes towards people; where one is ready to

attack or confront.

Depression - A mood disorder that makes a person have persistent feelings of sadness
and loss.

Science Community - A diverse network of interacting scientists.

Media engagement - The act of consuming media in various methods.

Sleep Deprivation - A condition that occurs if a person does not obtain enough sleep.
Scientific evidence - Proof that supports or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.

Sleeping pills - A medication that helps a person to fall asleep easily for their body’s
benefit.