I.

Patterns and numbers in nature

1. Give five examples each of nature having reflection symmetry and radial symmetry
REFLECTION SYMMETRY RADIAL SYMMETRY

BUTTERFLY STARFISH

LEAF FLOWER
HOUSE ART

BRIDGE ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE FRUIT
2. Compare and contrast (a) rotation and reflection; (b) translation and rotation.
a) Rotation and reflection:
In rotation, it turns around a center and the distance from the center to any
point on the shape stays the same while reflection is that every point is the same
distance from the central line and the reflection has the same size as the original
image.
These two preserve its size, shape of an image and also its angles.

b) Translation and rotation:

In translation, it is just moving without rotating, resizing or anything. It
moves in the same distance and same direction while rotation is rotating an object
about a fixed point. In rotation, each point turns the same angle about the center.

These two happens without changing its size, shape and also its angles.

3. Which upper case letters of the English Alphabet look the same after being rotated 90°?
180°?
H, I, N, O, S, X, and Z look the same after being rotated 180° while in 90° is letter O.

4. Classify the following frieze patterns based on Conway’s classification.

Hop

Jump

Jump

Slide

Spinning sidle
5. Define and give examples of natural patterns symmetries, fractals, spirals, meanders,
waves, foams, tessellations, cracks and stripes.
Natural Pattern Examples
Symmetries
 Is a structure that allows an object
to be divided into parts of an equal
shape and size or balanced
proportions.

Fractals
 a pattern that the laws of nature
repeat or self-similar across
different scales.

Spirals
 Occur naturally in plants, natural
systems and weather, it is a
curved pattern that focuses on a
center point and a series of circular
shapes that revolve around it. It is
attributed to complicated
mathematical algorithms, sequences
and equations.
Meanders
 represented by bends in rivers and
channels but can also be seen in
other forms throughout the natural
environment.

Waves
 are disturbances that carry energy
as they move. Wind waves are
created as wind passes over a large
body of water, creating patterns or
ripples.
 Foams
 mass of bubbles; foams of different
materials occur in nature.

Tessellations
 Distinct shapes are formed from
several geometric units or tiles that
all fit together with no gaps or
overlaps to form an interesting and
united pattern.

Cracks
 linear openings that form in
materials to relieve stress. When a
material fails in all directions it
results in cracks. The patterns
created reveal if the material is
elastic or not.

Stripes
 evolutionary that increases the
chances of survival through
camouflage

II. Fibonacci sequence

 1. Enumerate the first twenty Fibonacci numbers.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181,

III. Beyond the Walls (Performance Task)

Look for patterns Inside or outside of your house then take pictures of the patterns
explored using smart phones or digital camera. Explore, take photos, make list and
identify what patterns can be seen in nature inside your house, at the garden or park
nearby or any part of the neighborhood. Showcase your drawing skills by creating
original paintings or pictures, poster, photo collage or vlogs of the different patterns in
nature, Fibonacci, golden ratio or the like that you have encountered on your walk.

Reflection Symmetry Fractal pattern

Fractal Pattern
SKETCH
POSTER

Montemayor, Tristian L. Mathematics in the Modern World

BSCOE 1-2 Assessments PPT Wk 2-3

1. Write each statements in words. Let p. The plane is on time. Let q. The sky is clear.
p: The plane is on time. ¬ p: The plane is not on time.
q: The sky is clear. ¬ q: The sky is not clear.
p: The plane is on time. ¬p: The plane is not on time.
q: The sky is clear. ¬q: The sky is not clear.

a) p ∧ (¬q) : The plane is on time and the sky is not clear.

b) q → (p ∨ ¬ p) : If the sky is clear, then the plane is on time or the plane is not on
time.
c) p ↔ q : The plane is on time if and only if the sky is clear.

2. Construct a truth table for each proposition.

a) [(p ∧ q) ∨ r] ↔[(p ∧ r) ∨ (q ∧ r)]

p q r (p ∧ q) (p ∧ r) (q ∧ r) [(p ∧ q) ∨ r] [(p ∧ r) ∨ (q ∧] r) [(p ∧ q) ∨ r] ↔[(p ∧ r) ∨ (q ∧ r)]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

b) [(p ∧ r) → (q ∧¬ r)] → [(p ∧ q) ∨ r]

p q r ¬r (p ∧ r) (q ∧¬ r) (p ∧ q) [(p ∧ q) ∨ r] [(p ∧ r) → (q ∧¬ r)] [(p ∧ r) → (q ∧¬ r)] → [(p ∧ q) ∨ r]

1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

3. Prove the De Morgan’s Laws by constructing truth tables.

¬ (p ∨ q) ⇔ (¬p) ∧ (¬q)
 p q (¬p (¬q (p ∨ ¬ (p ∨ (¬p) ∧ (¬q)
) ) q) q)
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 1

¬ (p ∧ q) ⇔ (¬p) ∨ (¬q)

p q (¬p) (¬ (p ∧ q) ¬ (p ∧ (¬p) ∨ (¬q)

q) q)
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 1

4. Let U := Letters in the English Alphabet = {a, b, c, …,x, y, z}

A= {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s}
B= {s, q, u, a, r, e}
C= {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}

Determine the following:

a) A ⋃ (B ⋂ C):
B ⋂ C: {s, e, a}
A ⋃ (B ⋂ C): {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s}

b) (A ⋃ B)’ ⋂ C :
(A ⋃ B): {s, t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, q, u}
(A ⋃ B)’: {b, c, d, f, h, j, k, m, o, p, v,…, x }
(A ⋃ B)’ ⋂ C: {h, x, o}

c) (A ⋂ C) ⋃ (B ⋂ C):
(A ⋂ C): {e, a, n, s, g}
(B ⋂ C): {s, e, a}
(A ⋂ C) ⋃ (B ⋂ C): {a, n, g, e, s}

d) A ⋂ (C ⋂ U )’ :
(C ⋂ U ) : {h, e, x, a, g, o, n, s}
(C ⋂ U )’ : {b, c, d, f, i, j, k, l, m, p, q, r, t, u, v, w, y, z}
A ⋂ (C ⋂ U )’ : {t, r, i, l}

e) n[(A ⋃ B) ⋂ (B ⋃ C )]:
(A ⋃ B): {s, t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, q, u}
(B ⋃ C): {s, q, u, a, r, e, h, x, g, o, n}
(A ⋃ B) ⋂ (B ⋃ C ): {s, r, a, n, g, e, q, u}
 n [(A ⋃ B) ⋂ (B ⋃ C )]: 8

5. A survey of 90 customers was taken at Barnes & Noble regarding the types of books
purchased. The survey found that 44 purchased mysteries, 33 purchased science fiction,
29 purchased romance novels, 13 purchased mysteries and science fiction, 5 purchased
science fiction and romance novels, 11 purchased mysteries and romance novels, and 2
purchased all three types of books (mysteries, science fiction, romance novels). How
many of the customers surveyed purchased.

(M) MYSTERIES (S) SCIENCE

FICTION

22 (e) 11(a) 17 (f)

2 (b)

9(d) 3(c)
(R) ROMANCE NOVELS
15 (g)
11
M: 44
S: 33
R: 29

a+b+d+e = 44
a+b+c+f = 33
b+d+c+g = 19
b+d = 11,
a+b = 13,
 b+c = 5
b=2

9+2+11+22 = 44
3+2+11+17 = 33
9+2+3+15 = 29
9+2 = 11,
11+2 = 13,
3+2 = 5

a=11, b= 2, c= 3, d= 9, e= 22, f= 17, g= 15

a+b+c+d+e+f+g = 79

90-79 = 11 customers who are not surveyed purchased

a) Mysteries only? 22
b) Mysteries and science fiction, but not romance novels? 11
c) Mysteries or science fiction? 64
d) Romance novels or mysteries, but not science fiction? 46
e) Exactly two types (mysteries, science fiction, romance novels)? 23