Logical Reasoning

12. Paul is popular either as a lead guitarist or as a base guitarist.

a. Paul is popular as a lead guitarist but not as a base guitarist.
b. Paul is famous neither as a lead guitarist nor as base guitarist.
c. Paul is not popular as base guitarist but popular as a lead guitarist.
d. Paul is popular as both a lead guitarist as a base guitarist.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The given statement implies that Paul is popular as at least one image. Hence, if it is
true that Paul is not popular as a base guitarist, then it implies that he is popular as a
lead guitarist.

a. A woman going with a boy is asked by another person about the relationship between
them. The woman replied ,"My maternal uncle and the uncle of his maternal uncle is the
same". How are the woman and the boy related?

Grandmother and Grandson

Mother and Son
Aunt and Nephew
None of these

Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The woman's maternal uncle and the uncle of the boy's maternal uncle is the
same.(Maternal uncle of the boy)'s parent is the sibling of maternal uncle of the woman.
It implies that the woman's mother, woman's maternal uncle and the boy's maternal uncle's
parent are siblings.So the woman and the maternal uncle of the boy are are cousins.So are the
woman and the mother of the boy.As they are cousins, the boy is the woman's nephew and the
woman is the boy's aunt.
a. As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nation’s most powerful
labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?

The new council must have the support of the nation’s labor leaders if it is to succeed.
During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations
with business leaders.
An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary
for the job of chairing the new council.
Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of
business management interests.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:
It has been concluded by the author that Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on
business labor relations. This is based on the fact that he has been an experienced labor organizer
and the former head of a labor union. This follows that Mr Grayson has an understanding of the
needs and problems of labor. When this is the case the answer option strengthens the given
conclusion.

a. HERE = COMES – SHE, (Assume S = 8). Find the value of R + H + O.

15
18
14
12

Ans: Option 3

Explanation:
HERE = COMES – SHE which can also be written as HERE + SHE =
COMES HERE
a. SHE
------------
COMES
------------
C = 1, O = 0, H = 9, E + E = S = 8, 2 E =8, And
E=4. So, COMES – SHE = HERE, 9454 + 894 =
10348 R+H+O=5+9+0=14
5. Statement
Until our country achieves Economic equality and Political freedom , Democracy would be
meaningless.
Conclusions
I. Political freedom and Democracy go hand in hand.
II. Economic equality leads to real Political freedom and Democracy.

Option 1: if only Conclusion I follows

Option 2: if only Conclusion II follows
Option 3: if either Conclusion I or II follows
Option 4: if neither Conclusion nor II follows

Answer: Option 1

a. The question shows a pair of words which are related to each other in some way.Select that
pair that expresses the relationship that is most similar to the given pair.

Monolith : Rock :: ?
Option 1 : Continent : Ocean
Option 2 : Tor : Lea
Option 3 : Grain : Sand
Option 4 : Cataract : Waterfall

Answer: Option 1

a. Anil introduces Rohit as the son of the only brother of his father’s wife. How is Rohit related to Anil?

Cousin
Son
Uncle
Son-in-law

Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The relation may be analysed as follows:
Father’s wife is my mother, my mother’s brother is my maternal uncle, My uncle’s son is my cousin.
So, Rohit is Anil’s cousin.
a. It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of the week Jan 1, 2010?
Sunday
Monday
Thursday
Friday

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
On 31st December, 2005, it was Saturday.
Number of odd days from the year 2006 to the year 2009 = (1 + 1 + 2 + 1) = 5 days.
On 31st December 2009, it was Thursday.
Thus, on 1st Jan, 2010 it is Friday.

a. The following questions consist of two words each, that have a certain relationship with
each other, followed by four lettered pairs of words.
Select the letter pair that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.

Round : Earth

Option 1 : Thin : paper

Option 2 : Height : Mountain
Option 3 : Transparent : Gass
Option 4 : Cube : Dice

Answer: Option 4

a. In certain language, CHAMPION is coded as HCMAIPNO, how is NEGATIVE coded in

that code ?

ENAGITEV
NEAGVEIT
MGAETVIE
EGAITEVN

Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The letters of the word are reversed in order, taking two at a time, to obtain the code.
1. Coding Decoding:
1. Statement: The greatest need of India today is not of good researchers but well trained
teachers.
Con I India does not need researchers today.
Con.II: Researchers are least attached with the universalization and popularization
of quality education.
a. Only conclusion I is true
b. Only conclusion II is true
c. Either conclusion I or II is true
d. Neither conclusion I nor II is true
e. Both I and II are true
Answer: b
Conclusion I is wrong because the statement does not talk exclusively but refers
"the greatest need of India" and II is also probably true.

2. Statement: The disparities between the problems of rich and the poor do not stand
out clearly when we compare the attitude of the law making bodies towards these two
strata of the society.
Con. I: Parliament do not discriminate between rich and.poor while formulating
policies for them.
Con.II: Law makers do not have identical attitude towards the haves and have nots.
a. Only conclusion I is true
b. Only conclusion II is true
c. Either conclusion I or II is true
d. Neither conclusion I nor II is true
e. Both I and II are true
Answer: a
Study the attitude of parliamentarians towards rich and poor separately. If it is
identical then it will be difficult to distinguish rich and poor on the basis of their
problems.
3. STATEMENT: SRK is a famous filmstar. He earns a handsome amount every year
through advertisements of products he endorses.
CONCLUSIONS
I. All famous Filmstars earn handsome amount through advertisements.
II. SRK, being famous, endorses only famous brands.
a. a. Only conclusion I is true
b. Only conclusion II is true
c. Either conclusion I or II is true
d. Neither conclusion I nor II is true
e. Both I and II are true
Answer: d
Neither conclusion can be drawn from the statement hence option (d) is correct.

4. In a certain language "PARAMPARA" is written as "RAPPMAARA". How is

"SUDHAKARA" coded in that language?
a. DUSHAKARA
b. DUSHAKRAA
c. SUDKAHARA
d. None of these
Answer: c
Solution: In this question, the first three letters are reversed in the coded word, the next
three letters are also reversed and the last three letters are also reversed. Thus, in PAR-
AMP-ARA, PAR become RAP, AMP become PMA and ARA becomes ARA.

5. If "ABHI" is coded as 23910 and BIG is coded as 3108 then answer the
following question.
How is "RAM" coded in the language.
a. 18113
b. 19214
c. 17112
d. None of these
Answer: b
R - 18th letter - 18 + 1 = 19; A - 1st letter - 1 + 1 = 2; M - 13th letter - 13 + 1 =14
RAM = 19214
6. In a certain code, '786' means 'study very hard', '958' means 'hard work pays' and
'645' means 'study and work'. Which of the following is the code for "very".
a. 8
b. 7
c. 6
d. Cannot be determined
Answer: b
Between the first and second sentences, the common word is hard and the common
digit is 8. Hence , hard = 8. Between the first and the second sentences, the
common word is study and the common digit is 6. Hence study = 6.

Hence, the code for 'very' can be found out to be '7'.

7. In a certain language "lu ja ka hu" means "we provide study material", "fa ka la ju"
means " we score maximum selection" , "la fu ja ju" means "study score the selection"
and "ju lu na fu" means " selection of the material". Then :
What is the code of "score" in this code language?
a. ju
b. fa
c. la
d. ka
Answer: c
WORD CODE

of na

the fu

selection ju

maximum fa

score la

material lu

study ja

provide hu

we ka
8. What is the code of "provide" in this code language?
a. ja
b. lu
c. ka
d. hu
Answer: d
WORD CODE
of na
the fu
selection ju
maximum fa
score la
material lu
study ja
provide hu
we ka

9. What is the code of "provide of maximum"

a. na hu fu
b. fu lu na
c. fa hu na
d. hu fa la
Answer: c
WORD CODE
of na
the fu
selection ju
maximum fa
score la
material lu
study ja
provide hu
 we ka

10. In a certain language "DELHI" is written as 451289. How is " MUMBAI" coded in
that language?
a. 510108
b. 132113219
c. 209199
d. None of these
Answer: b
D is the 4th letter, E is the 5th , L is the 12th and so on. Hence, MUMBAI
is equivalent to 132113219
11. In a vertain code "LUCKNOW" is coded as "NWEMPQY". How is "SARK" coded in
that language?
a. MCT
b. UCTM
c. CTUM
d. None of these
Answer: b
Each letter in the word moves two step ahead.
Required answer is UCTM

13. If MISTER is coded as 131776218 the PAWAN will be coded as:

a. 123251225
b. 102532512
c. 2532
d. 102532
Answer: b
The coding scheme can be seen to be as follows:
M-26-13=13;I-26-9=17;S-26-19=7;T-26-20=6;E-26-5=21;R-26-18=8

Hence, in PAWAN we will have: P - 26-16=10; A - 26 - 1= 25; W - 26-3= 23;A

- 26 - 1= 25;
N-26-14=12
Hence PAWAN = 102532512
2. Blood Relations:
2.1. Consider the following statements and answer the given question.
If L + M => L is the husband of M,
L / M => L is the sister of M and
L + M => L is the son of Y, then
How is W and Z related from the following statement: W * X + Y / Z?
b. Cousin
c. Sister
d. Sister-in-law
e. None of these
f. Nephew
Answer: e
This can be solved by dividing the question and solving from left to right. Now a simple
diagram can be made by mentioning the gender and their relations as given below:

Thus, it is easily seen that W is the nephew of P.

2.2.Introducing a boy, Ralf said, "His mother is the only daughter of my mother-in-law".
How is Ralf related to the boy?
b. Uncle
c. Brother
d. Father
e. Husband
Answer: c
Mother-in-law's only daughter means wife. Thus the statement could be read as "His
mother is my wife". Thus Ralf must be father of the boy.
2.3.There are two grandfathers and two grandmothers in a family of 21. There are six
couples each having at least one child. The grandparents have 9 grandchildren
altogether, among them three are Anne, Jerry and Ravi. Their father and mother are a
physician and physiotherapist respectively. The Physician has a sister who is an
Economist. The Physiotherapist has two brothers, one Engineer and a banker.
Among the 9 grandchildren there are 5 granddaughters and 4 grandsons. The mother
of two granddaughters among the five is the Economist whose husband is not in the
party. The father of two grandsons among the four is an Engineer, whose wife is a
homemaker.
How many children does the banker have?
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4
e. 2
Answer: d

2.4. How many grandchildren do the parents of the Economist have?

b. 3
c. 5
d. 4
e. 6
Answer: c
2.5. The banker has
b. One daughter and a son
c. Two daughter
d. Two sons
e. No children
Answer: a
2.6. How many fathers are there in the family?
b. 6
c. 4
d. 3
e. 5
Answer: a

2.7. A is the son of P, P is the daughter of K, K is the husband of O and O is the mother
of only son L. What is L to A?
b. Father
c. Uncle
d. Son
e. Grandfather
Answer: b

L is the brother of P
2.8. In a family of seven people lawyer is married to a teacher and has three sons, one
engineer, one doctor and one actor. The actor’s wife is a dancer and aunt of Emily.
Emily, the daughter of engineer learns martial arts with her brother Joseph. How is
the doctor related to Joseph?
b. Uncle
c. son
d. brother
e. nephew
Answer: a
Joseph is the son of the engineer who is the brother of Doctor. So, the doctor is Uncle
of Joseph.

2.9.While discussing Pam's ancestry, Rick quizzes Pam while pointing towards a man,"
His mother is the only daughter of your father". How is Pam related to that person?
b. Aunt
c. Mother
d. Daughter
e. None of these
Answer: b
option (a) could have been correct but, it has been mentioned that the mother is the
only daughter. This only means that Pam must be the mother of that person. Hence (b)

2.10. Looking at a man, Darren said," Your only brother is the father of my
daughter's father ". How is the gentle man related to Darren?
a. Father
b. Grandfather
c. Uncle
d. Brother-in-law
Answer: d
According to the clue, the man is the brother of Darren's father. This makes the
gentle Darren's uncle. Hence, option (d).
3. Directional Sense:
3.1. Airplanes A, B, C and D started flight towards east. After flying 125 kms planes A
and D flew towards right while planes B and C flew towards left. After 115 km,
planes B and C flew towards their left while planes A and D also turned towards
their left. In which directions are the airplanes A, B, D, C respectively flying now?
a. North, South, East, West
b. East, West, East, West
c. East, West, West, East
d. South, North, North, South
Answer: b

3.2. Aman start from his house and walks 2 km east up to his class and turns southwards
and walks 1 km up to his friend’s house. At the friend’s house, he turns to east and
walks 2 km up to his school. He then turns northwards and walks 4 km to the garden.
How far is he from his house?
a. 7km
b. 5km
c. 4km
d. 2.5km
Answer: b

2 2
Distance = (2+2) +(4-1) = 5km

3.3.Babita runs 8 km to the South. Then she turns to her right and walks 4 km. Then
again, she turns to her right and runs 8 km forward. How far is she from the
starting point?
a. 8km
b. 6km
c. 12km
d. 4km
 Answer: d

3.4. Kabul is located 2 km away to the north-west Punjab. Rohtak is located 2 km in the
south-west direction from Kabul. Melghat is another place and is located 2 km
away in the north-west of Rohtak. Talu is located 2 km away in the south-west
direction from Melghat. In which direction is Talu from Punjab?
a. South
b. North east
c. North west
d. West
Answer: d

Distances are same i.e. 2km so P, R and T fall in a single line. While K and M are in a
single line.

3.5.Arya and Bindya start from a point simultaneously. Arya moves to his East and
travels 12 km, and Bindya moves to her south and travels 12 km. Arya takes a 270°
anti-clock wise turn and travels 12 km. Bindya takes a 90° clock wise turn and runs
18km. Then Bindya goes 30km in same line in exactly opposite direction. Which
of the following is true regarding their positions?
1) Bindya has travelled 30 km more than Arya
2) Both are to the south east of original position
 3) Both are at the same point
a. only 1 and 2 are true
b. only 2 and 3 are true
c. only 1 is true
d. all are true
Answer: b

3.6.Jay starts from his house and walks 40 m north and reaches his school. There he
turns right and walks 30 m and then he turns right and walks 65 m and reaches a
garden. Here he turns left and walks 8 m. He again walks 25m towards his left. Then
he turns 90° anti-clock wise and walks 8 m. In which direction is Jay facing now?
a. North-west
b. East
c. South-east
d. West
Answer: d
3.7. Uday and Manav are facing each other and talking during sunrise. Vijay was also
present there. Vijay cannot bear the sun and so he is standing in shadow of Uday
and is facing Uday continuously. As long as Vijay is there, he is facing Uday only
and nowhere else. Uday and Manav keep talking till 6.15pm (sunset). At 6.15 pm
where will be Vijay facing?
a. North-east
b. East
c. South west
d. West
Answer: d

Vijay is always in the shadow. So as shadow moves from west to east, Vijay too moves
from west to east.

3.8. Sachin, Saurav, Sehwag and Dravid are playing Carrom. Sachin and Dravid are in
one team. Saurav is sitting to the left of Dravid. Sehwag is facing South-West, then in
which direction is Sachin facing?
a. South-east
b. North
c. North-west
d. North-east
Answer: a
4. Logical Selection Decision Tables:
4.1. Directions for Q: Read the following information carefully to answer these
questions. The conditions for selecting candidates for interview for recruitment of
Medical Representative for a company:
The candidate must :
A. Be a graduate in science with Chemistry and Botany and/or Zoology.
B. Have 60% and above at SSC and 50% and above at graduation
C. Not be more than 25 years of age as on 1st Jan, 1997
D. Have at least represented school/college in any inter school/college
competitions E. Have passed the selection test with 55% and above marks
F. Enclose recommendation of two persons who are not his/her relatives.
However, in the case of a candidate who fulfills all other criteria except:
I. A above, but has passed MSc in Chemistry with 60% or above marks, should
be considered for waiting list for interview
II. B above, should be referred to Manager Administration
III. F above, should be called to meet Manager HRD.
Based on these criteria and information provided below, decide the course of action in
each case. You are not to assume anything. If the data provided is not adequate to
decide the course of action, your answer will be data inadequate. These cases are
given to you as on 1st Dec, 1996.

Gaurav Sheth has represented his school and college in Cricket and Chess. He has
passed his BSc with Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics at the age of 20 years in
1994. He came 2nd in the merit list in the selection test with 78% marks and has
enclosed two recommendations. He has scored 62% and 65% in SSC and BSc,
respectively.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: e
Explanation: . Gaurav Sheth does not qualify for interview as he did not pass
B.Sc with Chemistry, Botany or Zoology.

4.2. Ms. Kartiki Natarajan, a Kathak dancer, who has won inter-University prizes, is a
brilliant student holding 1st rank in MSc (Chemistry) in 1996 as well as selection test.
She has had more than 75% marks in the examination right from SSC to BSc
(Chemistry-Botany). All her teachers speak hightly about her.
a. Data inadequate
b. Not to be called for interview
c. Refer to manager- administration
d. To be called for interview
 e. To be waitlisted
Answer: a

Explanation: . Age of the candidate is not given.

4.3. Dipti Navalakhha, who has been recommended by two actresses working in TV
serials, is 23 years with Master’s degree in Chemistry. She has won prizes in acting in
inter-university drama competitions. She has obtained more than 70% marks in SSC,
BSc (Chemistry, Botany) and the selection test.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: c
Explanation : . The candidate, Dipti Navalakhha, fulfills all the conditions as laid
down in the question, and hence should be called for interview.

4.4. Rajesh Sinha won inter-college tournament for table-tennis in 1995 while doing his
final year of BSc with Chemistry and Zoology. He has passed with more than 60%
marks in all the examination right from SSC to selection test held by the company. He
has enclosed two good references, one from college principal and another from an
industrialist. His father works in a bank.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: b
Explanation : . Data is inadequate, as Condition C is not given.

4.5. Ms Pau; Vandana, born on 19th Nov, 1974 is a post-graduate in Chemistry. At

graduation, she had Chemistry, Zoology, and Botany. She had represented her school
and college in sports and drama. Her father is a successful doctor. She has passed the
selection test with 62% marks and has enclosed the recommendation of President
and Vice-President of the Chemist’s Association.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: b
 Explanation : . Data is inadequate, as qualification with regard to Condition B,
percentages at SSC and graduation level are not given.

4.6. Dinesh Thakur, aged 22 years, has enclosed two good recommendations. He has
done Bed after completing BSc with 65% marks in Physics, Chemistry and Botany.
He has been representing his school and college in wrestling in different state level
competitions. He has obtained 58% marks in the selection test.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: b
Explanation : . Data is not adequate with regard to Condition B, the percentage at SSC
level examination not given.

4.7.Chetan Bhure has done MSc in Chemistry after his BSc (Chemistry and Zoology).
He has obtained more than 60% marks in SSC, BSc and the selection test. He has
enclosed good recommendations of his coaches for Basketball and Hockey, where he
has won a few prizes for his performance in inter-college matches.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: d
Explanation : . The candidate fulfills all the criteria except C, so he should be
referred to the Manager-Administration.

4.8.Rajkiran has done Bachelor in Pharmacy after BSc with Chemistry and Zoology.
Born on 8th Oct, 1971, he won inter-school trophy in Athletics and prizes in Drama.
He has been recommended by a stage artist by his Russian teacher. He has obtained
more than 80% marks in all examinations and has stood 1st in the selection test.
a. To be waitlisted
b. Data inadequate
c. To be called for interview
d. Refer to manager- administration
e. Not to be called for interview
Answer: d
 Rajkiran has done Bachelor in Pharmacy after BSc with Chemistry and Zoology.
Born on 8th Oct, 1971, he won inter-school trophy in Athletics and prizes in Drama.
He has been recommended by a stage artist by his Russian teacher. He has obtained
more than 80% marks in all examinations and has stood 1st in the selection test.
4.9. Directions for Q: Read the following information carefully and then answer the
questions given below it. Following are the criteria of admitting a student in the first
year Engineering course in a college.
The student must
A. Have passed XIIth Std. examination in science with at least 80%
marks B. Not be more than 20 years old as on 1st Aug, 1994.
C. Have secured at least 90 marks in the entrance test out of the total of 150 marks
D. Be able to pay Rs.15,000 as tution fee for 1st semester and Rs.5,000 admission
charges at the+ time of taking admission.
In the case of a candidate, who satisfies all other criteria except at
I. C above but can pay, at least 60% of the stipulated fees, the case may be referred to
the Admission Committee.
II. D above but has secured more than 95% marks in XIIth Std. examination, the case
may be referred to Chairman – Admissions
You are given the following cases as on 1st Aug, 1994. Depending upon the
information provided in each case and based on the criteria mentioned above,
recommend your decision. You are not to assume anything. If the information
provided is not adequate to take a decision, mark `data inadequate’ as the answer.
Salil Malhotra was born on 25th Sep. 1975. He has secured 85% and 65% marks in
XIIth Std. examination in Science stream and the entrance test, respectively. He can
pay the requisite tution fee and admission charges.
a. Don’t Admit
b. Admit
c. Refer to Chairman – Admission
d. Refer to Admission Committee
e. Data inadequate
Answer: b
Explanation : . The candidate satisfies all the criteria, and hence should be admitted
for the course.
4.10. Reema Jaiswal was born on 20th July, 1974. She has secured 85% and 75% marks
in XIIth standard with Science and the entrance test, respectively. She can pay the
requisite tuition fees and admission charges.
a. Don’t Admit
b. Admit
c. Refer to Chairman – Admission
d. Refer to Admission Committee
e. Data inadequate
Answer: a
Explanation: The candidate is over-age, and hence should not be admitted.
5. Analogy Classification and Pattern Recognition:
5.1. LYING : PERJURY
a. Seeing: Observing
b. Statement: Testimony
c. Taking: Stealing
d. Eating: Dining
Answer: b
Solution: Perjury is an extended form of lying, just as a testimony is an extended form
of a statement.

5.2.Chill : Freeze
a. Slice: Cut
b. Simmer: Boil
c. Roast: Stew
d. Cook: Fry
Answer: b
In this problem, the student is expected to spot the relationship that Chill is a lower
degree than Freeze and Simmer and Boil are similarly related as Simmer is a lower
degree than Boil.

5.3.You are provided with a English word LIVER, and you have to make new words
using each letter once
a. None
b. Two
c. One
d. Three
Answer: b
LIVER, RIVEL

5.4. In each of the following question, a word has been given, followed by four other
words, one of which cannot formed by using the letters from the given word. Find that
word.
EDUCATIONAL
a. DEAN
b. NEAT
c. NATIONAL
d. LIAR
Answer: c
Educational can be arranged as a national word only.
5.5. Dubious: Indisputable
a. Slander: Libel
b. Painful: Tormenting
c. Avaricious: Generous
d. Perspicacious: Tenacity
Answer: c
There is no O in PERMANENT.

5.6. 1. Zephyr 2. Zodiac 3. Zoonomy 4. Zenith 5. Zig-zag

a. 4,1,5,2,3
b. 4,2,1,3,5
c. 2,4,3,5,1
d. 5,3,2,4,1
Answer: a
Zenith → Zephyr → Zig-zag → Zodiac → Zoonomy

5.7.What will be the combination of the letters when the word A R T E C is

meaningfully formed?
a. 32154
b. 32145
c. 31245
d. None of these
Answer: a

5.8. Sonnet: Poem::Murder: __? __

a. Crime
b. Lie
c. Blood
d. Cheat
Answer: a
Clearly Sonnet is a part of Poem; similarly murder is one of the type of Crime.
5.9. How many meaningful English words can be formed with the third, fifth, seventh
and ninth letters of the word 'DOWNGRADED' using each letter only once?
a. None
b. One
c. Two
d. Three
Answer: b
D O W N G R A D E D
Only one meaningful English word WAGE can be formed by using the letter WGA
and E.

5.10. abet : ______ :: alone :: lone

a. bet
b. loan
c. wager
d. single
Answer: a
Abet becomes bet when the “a” is removed, and alone becomes lone when the “a”
is removed.
6. Number series Recognition:
6.1. What is the 312th term of the series 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,…………..?
a. 24
b. 22
c. 20
d. 25
Answer: d
You are required to define the pattern in the series in variables.
Here 1 is the first term, the next term is 2 till the 3rd term, 3 till the 6th term, 4 till the
10th term, n till the n(n+1)/2 th term.
Thus, 210th term will be = 20 as (20 × 21)/2 = 210.
So, 300th term = 24, because (24 × 25)/2 = 300.
Next 25 terms will be 25. So, the required answer is 25.

6.2. Look at this series: 40, 40, 26, 26 , 12 , ? … What number should come next?
a. 20
b. 16
c. 12
d. 14
Answer: c
Answer is 12. Each number is repeated or firstly 0 is added to each number and then
14 is subtracted from it.

6.3.If DOOR = 25, LOWER=37, TOWER=18, then OVER =?

a. 80
b. 72
c. 60
d. 83
e. 06
Answer: e
Alphabets and their positions
A B C D E F G H I J K L
M N O P Q R S T U V W
X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26
 Rule=add positions of alphabets and then reverse the
result DOOR = 4+15+15+18 = 52 = reverse 52 to give 25
Then OVER = 15+ 22+ 18+ 5 = 60 which means 06

6.4.In the following number series only one is wrong. Find out the wrong number.
7, 4, 5, 9, 20, 51, 106.5
a. 4
b. 5
c. 51
d. 9
Answer: c
Given Series : 7, 4, 5, 9, 20, 51, 106.5.
The logic behind the series is :
(7×0.5)+0.5=4
(4×1)+1=5
(5×1.5)+1.5=9
(9×2)+2=20
(20 × 2.5) + 2.5 = 52.5
(52.5 × 3) + 3 = 106.5
So,
The wrong number of the given series is 51.

6.5. What should come next in the following number series? 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4 5 9 8 7 1 2 3

45987123498
a. 7
b. 0
c. 1
d. 2
Answer: b
24 ÷ 4 + 6 - 3 x 4 = 6 + 6 - 12 = 0
6.6. In each of the following question, arrange the words in a meaningful, logical order
and then select the appropriate sequence from the alternative given below for each
of the groups of words.
(i) Farmer (ii) Seed (iii) Food (iV) Cultivation
a. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
b. (iv), (ii), (iii),
(i) c. (iii), (i), (iv),
(ii) d. (i), (ii), (iv),
(iii) e. None of
these Answer: d
Meaningful order of the given words is Farmer, Seed, Cultivation, Food i.e., (i),
(ii), (iv), (iii)

6.7. Arrange the following words as per order in the dictionary. (1) necrology
(2) necromancy (3) necropolis (4) necrophilia
a. None
b. 2143
c. 1234
d. 2134
e. 1243
Answer: e
(1), (2), (4), (3)

6.8. Which one of the given responses would be a meaningful order of the following? 1.
yashmak 2. Yacht 3. Yawl 4. Yawn
a. 2341
b. 2134
c. 2431
d. 2143
Answer: b

6.9.Which one of the given responses would be a meaningful order of the following ? 1.
Frog 2. Eagle 3. grasshopper 4. Snake 5. Grass
a. 53421
b. 53142
c. 34251
d. 13524
Answer: b
This is the food chain cycle for animals.
First Step of food chain cycle is Grass.
Second Step is Grasshopper because grasshopper eat Grass.
Third Step is Frog because Frog eat grasshopper
Fourth Step is Snake because Snake eat Frog.
Fifth Step is Eagle because Eagle eat Snake.
The arrangement would be as below,
5,3,1,4,2
7. Word Sequence:
7.1. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1. Engine 2. Chasis 3. Doors 4. Windshield 5. Steering
a. 43125
b. 43215
c. 21354
d. 21534
Answer: d

7.2. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Sapling 2.Crop 3.Seed 4.Food 5. Harvest
a. 25143
b. 32514
c. 31254
d. 54312
Answer: c

7.3. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Bark 2. Cutting 3. Timber 4. Jungle 5. Furniture
a. 53412
b. 35421
c. 43215
d. 53124
Answer: c

7.4. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Exam 2. Recommendation 3. Interview 4. Discussion 5. Introduction
a. 53241
b. 54231
c. 54321
d. 13542
Answer: d

7.5. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Clothes 2. Cotton 3. Harvest 4. Yarn and Thread a.
3124
b. 2341 c.
1342 d.
2143
Answer: b
7.6.Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1.Probation 2.Interview 3.Selection 4. Appointment 5. Advertisement 6.
Application
a. 562341
b. 234156
c. 135426
d. 123456
Answer: a

7.7.Arrange the following words in a meaningful sequence.

1. Marriage
2. Birth
3. Death
4. Education
5. Job
a. 12453
b. 24531
c. 24513
d. 45123
Answer: c
After birth, the education starts, and after completing the education we look for a
job and after getting a job we plan to get married, and death comes later.

7.8. Arrange the following words in a meaningful sequence.

1. Arrest
2. Punishment
3. Prison
4. Crime
5. Judgment
a. 41532
b. 45213
c. 41523
d. 31254
Answer: c
Crime happens first then the criminal is arrested and then comes the judgment
after that punishment is announced and the criminal is sent to prison.
8. Data Sufficiency:
8.1. What day is the fourteenth of a given month?
I. The last day of the month is a Wednesday.
II. The third Saturday of the month was seventeenth.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: b
Statement II reveals that 17th was a Saturday and therefore, 14th was Wednesday.
So, only statement II is needed.

8.2. Among four friends A, B, C, and D, who is the heaviest?

I. B is heavier than A but lighter than D.
II. C is lighter than B.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: d
From I, we have A < B < D. From II, we have C < B. Combining (i) and (ii), we can
conclude that D is the heaviest. So, both the statements are needed

8.3. It is 8.00 p.m., when can Hemant get the next bus for Ramnagar from Dhanpur?
I. Buses for Ramnagar leave after every 30 minutes, till 10 p.m.
II. Fifteen minutes ago, one bus has left for Ramnagar.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: d
II reveals that the previous bus had left 7.45 p.m. As given in I, the next bus
would leave after 30 minutes i.e. at 8.15 p.m.
8.4. In a certain code 13 means stop smoking and 59 means injurious habit. What is the
meaning of 9 and 5 respectively in that code ?
I. 157 means stop bad habit.
II. 839 means smoking is injurious
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: c
59 means injurious habit and 157 means stop bad habit (from I). Thus, the common
code number 5 stands for common word habit'. So, '9 represents injurious. Hence, I
am sufficient. Also, 59 means injurious habit and 839 means smoking is injurious.
Thus, the common code number 9 stands for the common word injurious. So,
5represents habit. Thus, II is also sufficient.

8.5. How is Bill related to Betty?

I. Cindy, the wife of Bill's only brother Chris does not have any siblings.
II. Betty is Cindy's brother in law's wife.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: d
BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question
asked, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.

8.6. If a salesman received a commission of 3% of the sales that he has booked in a month,
what was the sales booked by the salesman in the month of November 2003?
I. The sales booked by the salesman in the month of November 2003 minus
salesman's commission was $245,000
II. The selling price of the sales booked by the salesman in the month of November
2003 was 125 percent of the original purchase price of $225,000.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: c
 EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.

8.7. Is the two-digit positive integer P a prime number?

I. (P + 2) and (P - 2) are prime.
II. (P - 4) and (P + 4) are prime.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: c
EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

8.8. Is y = 3?
I. (y - 3)(x - 4) = 0
II. (x - 4) = 0
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: d
If product of the two terms (y - 3) and (x - 4) is 0, then at least one of the two terms
equals 0.
(y - 3) = 0 or (x - 4) = 0 or both (y - 3) and (x - 4) equal 0.
i.e., either y = 3 or x = 4 or that both y = 3 and x = 4.
If x = 4, y could take any value. The value of 'y' could be 3 or it could be some
other value and the product will still be a 0.
Example: x = 4 and y = 5. The equation holds good. y ≠ 3.
Counter example: x = 4 and y = 3. The equation holds good. y = 3
We CANNOT determine whether 'y' is 3 from this statement.
Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient.
Eliminate choices A and D. Choices narrow down to B, C or E.
Step 3 of solving this GMAT algebra DS question:
Evaluate Statement (2) ALONE: (x - 4) = 0
The statement provides no information about
y. Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient.
Eliminate choice B. Choices narrow down to C or E.
Step 4 of solving this GMAT DS question:
Evaluate Statements (1) & (2) Together: (y - 3)(x - 4) = 0 & (x - 4) = 0
 When x = 4, (y - 3)(x - 4) will be 0 irrespective of the value that y takes.
Can 'y' be 3? Yes 'y' can be 3.
Is y = 3? Not necessary.It can take values other than 3 and the data in the two
statements will still hold good.
Eliminate choice C.
Statements TOGETHER are NOT sufficient. Choice D is the answer.

8.9. What is the standard deviation (SD) of the four numbers p, q, r, s?

I. The sum of p, q, r, and s is 24
II. The sum of the squares of p, q, r, and s is 224
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: d
The two statements together are sufficient. therefore option D

8.10. In a certain language, 'pit nac mit' means 'red pant shirt'. Which word means
'pant' in that language?
I. 'mit tim nac sir' means 'he wore red pant'.
II. 'nee jic pit' means 'shirt is dirty'.
a. Statement I is sufficient alone
b. Statement II is sufficient alone
c. Either I or II is sufficient to answer
d. Both I and II are required to answer
e. Neither I nor II is sufficient
Answer: d
Clearly, from each of the statements, we find that the code for 'pant' is either 'mit'
or 'nac'. So, none of them is sufficient to answer the question.
9. Data Arrangements:
10.1.In an institute there are five identical rooms having different items in it. Every
identical looking room has a name indicating its contents. The details of the contents
and the name of each room are as given below.

Contents Name of Rooms

Two printers Pashupatti
Two computers Chandrachud
Two bags Bagbahadur
One printer and one computerPurnachandra
One bag and one computer Biswachakra

One day somebody in the institute changed the name plate of every room such that
no room contains the name correctly explaining its contents.

If the supervisor of the institute opened a room named Biswachakra and found that
one item was a bag, then which of the following would definitely be correct?
a. The other item is computer
b. The other room named bagbahadur
c. The other item will not be a bag
d. The other item will be bag
Answer: d
The Supervisor of the institute opened a room named Biswachakra and found that one
item was a bag.
We know that there are two rooms with a bag as one of the items – Biswachakra (1
Bag + 1 Computer) and Bagbahadur (2 Bags). Since the name plate of every room is
changed such that no room contains its actual name, the room named Biswachakra
will have two bags.
Hence, option D is the correct choice. The Supervisor of the institute opened a
room named Biswachakra and found that one item was a bag.
We know that there are two rooms with a bag as one of the items – Biswachakra (1
Bag + 1 Computer) and Bagbahadur (2 Bags). Since the name plate of every room is
changed such that no room contains its actual name, the room named Biswachakra
will have two bags.
Hence, option D is the correct choice.

10.2. In an institute there are five identical rooms having different items in it. Every
identical-looking room has a name indicating its contents. The details of the
contents and the name of each room are as given below.

Contents Name of Rooms

Two printers Pashupatti
Two computers Chandrachud
Two bags Bagbahadur
One printer and one computer Purnachandra
One bag and one computer Biswachakra
 One day somebody in the institute changed the name plate of every room such
that no room contains the name correctly explaining its contents.
If it is known that the room named Purnachandra does not contain either any printer or
any computer, the room named Pashupatti does not contain any printer and the room
named Chandrachud contains one computer and one bag, then which of the following
will definitely be true if only one of the remaining rooms is opened?
a. It will have at least one computer
b. It will have two printers
c. It will have at least one printer
d. It will have two computer
Answer: c
The room named Purnachandra does not contain either any printer or any computer,
which means that it contains two bags (i.e. it is actually room Bagbahadur).
The room named Chandrachud contains one computer and one bag (i.e. it is actually
room Biswachakra).
The room named Pashupatti does not contain any printer, which means this room is
either room Chandrachud, or room Bagbahadur, or room Biswachakra. However,
two of these three rooms are already taken. Hence, this is actually room
Chandrachud and contains two computers.
The two remaining rooms are Pashupatti and Purnachandra (original name
plates). Hence, one of the remaining two rooms contains two printers and the
other room contains one computer and one printer. So, if only one of the
remaining rooms is opened, it will have at least one printer.
Hence, option C is the correct choice.

10.3. Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.Eight
persons Nainika, Virat, Vani, Vaibhav, Nakul, Viji, Namith and Nareshare sitting
around a square table, four of them facing towards centre while four of them facing
outside but not necessarily in the same order. Vaibhav sits fourth to right of Naresh.
Vani is sitting immediate right of Vaibhav. Only one person sits between Namith
and Vaibhav and both are facing same directions. Namith sits fourth to the right of
Viji, whodoesn’t sits in middle of the table. Viji is not a neighbour of Naresh and
faces towards the centre. Vani sits adjacent to Namith, who faces opposite direction
of Vani. Nakul is to the immediate left of Vaibhav. Virat faces opposite direction of
Vani and sits second to the left of Vani. Nakul is sitting second to left of Nainika,
who faces same direction as Viji.
Who among the following persons faces the center of the table?
a. Naresh
b. Virat
c. Nakul
d. Vaibhav
Answer: a
 Naresh is facing the centre of the table among the given people

10.4. Eight persons Nainika, Virat, Vani, Vaibhav, Nakul, Viji, Namith and Nareshare
sitting around a square table, four of them facing towards centre while four of them
facing outside but not necessarily in the same order. Vaibhav sits fourth to right of
Naresh. Vani is sitting immediate right of Vaibhav. Only one person sits between
Namith and Vaibhav and both are facing same directions. Namith sits fourth to the
right of Viji, whodoesn’t sits in middle of the table. Viji is not a neighbour of Naresh
and faces towards the centre. Vani sits adjacent to Namith, who faces opposite
direction of Vani. Nakul is to the immediate left of Vaibhav. Virat faces opposite
direction of Vani and sits second to the left of Vani. Nakul is sitting second to left of
Nainika, who faces same direction as Viji.
Who is sitting immediate right of Naresh?
a. Nainika
b. Virat
c. Viji
d. Nakul
Answer: b

Virat sits immediate right of Naresh

10.5. There are five sets of digits - Set A, Set B, Set C, Set D and Set E as shown in the
given diagram. Set A contains one digit, Set B contains two digits, Set C contains
three digits, Set D contains two digits and Set E contains one digit. Rearrange the
digits, across the sets such that the number formed out of digits of Set C is multiple
of the numbers formed from digits in the sets on either side. For example; in the
given diagram, Set C is multiple of digits in Set A and Set B but not of Set D and
Set E.
What is the minimum number of rearrangements required to arrive at the solution?
A rearrangement is defined as an exchange of positions between digits across two
sets. For example: when 1 from set C is exchanged with 5 of set E, it is counted as
one rearrangement.
SET A SET B 7 28 SET C SET D SET E
196 34 5

a. 2
b. 5
c. 7
d. 3
Answer: d
We have,
SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E
7 28 196 34 5

Now in the first rearrangement, 7 from set A is exchanged with 2 of set B to get the
following:

SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E

2 78 196 34 5

Now in the second rearrangement, 4 from set D is exchanged with 5 of set E to

get the following:

SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E

2 78 196 35 5

Now in the third rearrangement, 9 from set C is exchanged with 5 of set D to get
the following:

SET A SET B SET C SET D 2 78 156 39 Thus, a SET E

minimum of 3 rearrangements is required. Hence, 4
option D is the correct choice.
10.6. There are five sets of digits - Set A, Set B, Set C, Set D and Set E as shown in given
diagram. Set A contains one digit, Set B contains two digits, Set C contains three
digits, Set D contains two digits and Set E contains one digit. Rearrange the digits,
across the sets such that the number formed out of digits of Set C is multiple of the
numbers formed from digits in the sets on either side. For example; in the given
diagram, Set C is multiple of digits in Set A and Set B but not of Set D and Set E.
Which of the following pair of digits would occupy set A and E?
SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E 728196345

a. 2 and 4
b. 2 and 6
c. 3 and 6
d. 3 and 9
Answer: a
We have,
SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E
7 28 196 34 5

Now in the first rearrangement, 7 from set A is exchanged with 2 of set B to get the
following:

SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E

2 78 196 34 5

Now in the second rearrangement, 4 from set D is exchanged with 5 of set E to

get the following:

SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E

2 78 196 35 5

Now in the third rearrangement, 9 from set C is exchanged with 5 of set D to get
the following:

SET A SET B SET C SET D SET E

2 78 156 39 4

From the above analysis, we get that set A and set E contains 2 and 4.
Hence, option A is the correct choice.
10.7. M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T are eight friends sitting around a circular table. Six of
them are facing the centre. All of them have a different hobbies viz—Dancing,
Singing, Cooking, Story Writing, Watching Movie, Jogging, Playing cricket and
Reading Novel, but not necessarily in the same order. O is an immediate neighbour
of P. The person who is opposite N is facing outside and N is the immediate
neighbour of the person his hobby is Story Writing. T sits third to the right of Q
and his hobby is Playing cricket. M and T are not the neighbours of the person
whom hobby is Jogging. R’s hobby is not cooking or Story Writing. The person
whom hobby is Reading Novel is sitting opposite Q. The one whom hobby is Story
Writing, sits immediate right of N. P and S are immediate neighbours of N, whom
hobby is Watching Movie. S sits third to the right of M and his hobby is Dancing. P
sits third to the left of M.
Whom hobby is jogging?
a. M
b. Q
c. O
d. N
Answer: b

10.8. M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T are eight friends sitting around a circular table. Six of
them are facing the centre. All of them have a different hobbies viz—Dancing,
Singing, Cooking, Story Writing, Watching Movie, Jogging, Playing cricket and
Reading Novel, but not necessarily in the same order. O is an immediate neighbour
of P. The person who is opposite N is facing outside and N is the immediate
neighbour of the person his hobby is Story Writing. T sits third to the right of Q
and his hobby is Playing cricket. M and T are not the neighbours of the person
whom hobby is Jogging. R’s hobby is not cooking or Story Writing. The person
whom hobby is Reading Novel is sitting opposite Q. The one whom hobby is Story
Writing, sits immediate right of N. P and S are immediate neighbours of N, whom
hobby is Watching Movie. S sits third to the right of M and his hobby is Dancing. P
sits third to the left of M.
 How many persons sit between O and the person his hobby is Singing, when counted
in clock wise direction, starting from O?
a. One
b. None
c. Two
d. Three
Answer: c

10.9. The surnames of four professionals are: Bannerji, Chatterji, Mukherji and
Pestonji. Their professions are accountant, lawyer, dentist and doctor (not
necessarily in this order).
The accountant and lawyer work in their offices, while the dentist and doctor
work in their nursing homes.
The accountant looks after Mukherji’s and Chatterji’s account. Chatterji, does not
know Bannerji, although his nursing home is in the same street as Bannerji’s
office. Chatterji is not a doctor.
What are the occupations of the four people?
a. Bannerji – Lawyer, Chaterji – Dentist, Mukherji – Doctor, Pestonji – Accountant
b. Bannerji – Dentist, Chaterji – Lawyer, Mukherji – Accountant, Pestonji – Doctor
c. Bannerji – Doctor, Chaterji – Dentist, Mukherji – Accountant, Pestonji – Lawyer
d. Bannerji – Dentist, Chaterji – Lawyer, Mukherji – Doctor, Pestonji –
Accountant Answer: a
∴
The accountant looks after Mukherji’s and Chatterji’s account.
Chatterji and Mukherji cannot be the accountant.
Also Chatterji does not know Bannerji. If Bannerji was the accountant, he would
∴
manage Chatterji’s account and would hence know him.
∴
Bannerji also cannot be the accountant.
Pestonji is the Accountant.
It is also mentioned that Bannerji owns an office and Chatterji owns a Nursing
home.
∴

Bannerji has to be the Lawyer.

∵

Chatterji is not a doctor

∴

Mukherji has to be the doctor and Chatterji is the Dentist.

∴

Bannerji – Lawyer, Chatterji – Dentist, Mukherji – Doctor and Pestonji –

Accountant is the correct combination. Hence, option A is the correct
choice.