LESSON ONE

GLOBALIZATION
M S . L O R E N G R A C E V . C O M L A , R P M
OBJECTIVE
AGREE ON A WORKING DEFINITION OF
1
GLOBALIZATIONFOR THE COURSE

DIFFERENTIATE THE COMPETING CONCEPTIONS

2
OF GLOBALIZATION

NARRATE A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF

3
GLOBALIZATION
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
When Gio was a second-year international affairs student in a university in
Cebu City, he obtained funding to join the school team participating in an
international Model UN competition in Sydney, Australia. At the height of the
competition, Gio made plenty of new friends and became particularly close to
Latif from the Malaysian team. The two first started talking when Latif asked
Gio where he was from. Upon discovering that the Gio was from the Philippines,
Latif lit up and declared that he was a big fan of Filipino actors Jericho Rosales
and Kristine Hermosa. Gio was pleasantly surprised to learn that Latif had seen
every episode of the ABS-CBN telenovela Pangako sa Yo (The Promise"). The
show had aired on Malaysian TV a few years back, and its two stars had
developed a modest following.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
Ashamed that he did not know as much about Malaysia as Latif knew about the
Philippines, Gio asked Latif what his country was like. Latif, he discovered, was from a
Muslim university in Kuala Lumpur. Gio asked him what he liked best about living in
"KL" and Latif immediately mentioned the food. Latif explained that in Kuala Lumpur,
one can find Chinese, Indian, and Malay Cuisines. He told Gio that this assortment of
foodways was the result of how the British reorganized Malaysian society during
colonial times. The British did little to change the way of life of the Malays who were
the original residents but brought in Chinese laborers to work in the rubber
plantations and tin mines, and Indians to help manage the bureaucracy and serve as
the initial professional Core of a potential middle class. One of the ways that these
ethnic groups were identified was through their foodways.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
According to Latif, Malaysia eventually became famous for these
cuisines can be found in the various "hawker centers" across the
nation's cities and towns. These food stands are located in outdoor
food parks where locals and tourists taste the best of Malaysia,
from nasi lemak to laksa.
Gio interrupted Latif and asked, "What is laksa?" He felt more
ashamed at his lack of knowledge. "Ahh..let me show you what
it is and how it is prepared!" replied Latif.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
According to Latif, Malaysia eventually became famous for these
cuisines can be found in the various "hawker centers" across the
nation's cities and towns. These food stands are located in outdoor
food parks where locals and tourists taste the best of Malaysia,
from nasi lemak to laksa.
Gio interrupted Latif and asked, "What is laksa?" He felt more
ashamed at his lack of knowledge. "Ahh..let me show you what
it is and how it is prepared!" replied Latif.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
The next day, Latif took Gio
to a Malaysian restaurant a
few blocks away from the
university. Gio was surprised
to discover that Malaysian
food was readily available in
Sydney.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
Having noticed this, Latif explained to his Filipino friend that, over the
years, as more and more Malaysian students moved to Sydney to study
Malaysian restaurants followed suit. Soon after, they were catering
not only to these students but to Australia-born "Sydneysiders as well,
whose culinary tastes were becoming more and more diverse.
Gio finally had his first taste of laksa-a rice noodle soup in a spicy
coconut curry sauce. He found the flavors intense since, like most
Filipinos, he was not used to spicy food. However, in deference to
his friend, he persisted and eventually found himself enjoying the
hot dish.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
After the meal, Gio and Latif went to a nearby café and ordered "flat
whites"-an espresso drink similar to latte, which is usually served in
cafés in Australia and New Zealand. Both knew what flat whites
were since there were Australian-inspired cafés in both Kuala
Lumpur and Cebu.

The new friends promised to stay in touch after the competition

and added each other on Facebook and Instagram.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
Over the next two years, they
exchanged e-mails and posts.
congratulated each other for their
achievements, and commented on
and liked each other's photos. Latif
sent his mother's recipe to Gio and
the latter began cooking Malaysian
food in his home.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
A few years after graduation, Gio moved to Singapore, joining many other
overseas Filipino workers (OFWS) in the city-state
The culture was new to him, but one thing was familiar: the food served in
Singapore was no different from the Malaysian food he had discovered
through Latif. He would later learn from Singaporean colleagues that the
island of the country was once part British colony of Malay and the postwar
independent Federation of Malaysia. Singapore, however, separated from the
Federation in August 1965 and became a nation-state. Today, they may be two
distinct countries in this part of the world, but Singapore and Malaysia still
share the same Cuisine.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA

After he settled down in his apartment, Gio sought

out and found a favorite laksa stall in Newton
Hawker Center. He would spend his weekends
there with friends eating laksa and other dishes.
A STORY: GIO, LATIF AND
THE LAKSA
One Saturday, while Gio was checking his Facebook
feed along the very busy Orchard Road-Singapore's
main commercial road-he noticed that Latif had just
posted something 5 minutes earlier. It was a picture
from Orchard Road. Surprised but also excited, Gio
sent Latif a private message. Latif replied
immediately saying that he too had moved to
Singapore and was, at that moment, standing in
front a department store just a few blocks away
from where Gio was. The two friends met up, and
after a long hug and quick questions as to what each
was up to, they ducked into a café and renewed
their international friendship...by ordering a pair of
flat whites.
 WHAT CAN YOU SAY
ABOUT THE STORY OF
FRIENDSHIP OF GIO AND
LATIF?
GLOBAL Creating new degrees of
FLOWS connectedness among
economics - and playing an
ever-larger role in
determining the fate of
nations, companies, and
individuals; to be connected is
to fall behind.
MANFRED
STEGER
born in 1961 in Austria
studied in the United States and earned a
PhD in Political Theory and comparative
politics at Rutgers University in 1995.
a professor at the University of Hawaii at
Manoa and professor of Global Studies.
Director of the Globalism Research
Centre at RMIT University in Australia
until 2013.
 DEFINITION OF
GLOBALIZATION
According to Manfred Steger
GLOBALIZATION
refers to the expansion and
intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and
world space.

It is a multi-dimensional phenomenon
involving economic, politics, culture,
ideology, environment, and
technology.
EXPANSION
refers to "both creation of new
networks and multiplication of
existing connections that cut across
traditional, political and economic,
cultural and geographic boundaries.
Example: Social Media establish new
global connections between people.
INTENSIFICATION
refers to the expansion,
stretching, and acceleration of
these networks.
GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES DO NOT
OCCUR MERELY AT AN OBJECTIVE,
MATERIAL LEVEL BUT THEY ALSO
INVOLVE THE SUBJECTIVE PLANE OF
HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS.
 STEGER POSIT THAT HIS
DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION
MUST BE DIFFERENTIATED WITH
AN IDEOLOGY HE CALLS,
GLOBALISM.
GLOBALISM
refers to various patterns of
meaning beyond the merely
international.
Joseph Nye describe attempts to
understand all the
interconnections of the modern
world - and to highlight patterns
that underlie them.
 Globalism Globalization
dynamic
underlying shrinking of
basic network distance on
large scale.
ARJUN
APPADURAI
is an Indian-American
anthropologist recognized as a
major theorist in globalization
studies.
he discusses the importance of nation
states and globalization.
born on February 4, 1949 in Mumbai,
India.
Appadurai believes that different
kinds of globalization occur on
multiple and intersecting dimensions
of integration that he calls "scapes".
Five Scapes According to
Arjun Appadurai
1. Ethnoscpae
- refers to the global
movement of people.
2. Mediascape
-refers to the flow of
culture.
3. Technoscape
- refers to the circulation of
mechanical goods and
software.
4. Financescape
- denotes the global
circulation of money.
5. Ideoscape
- is the realm where
political ideas move
around.
METAPHORS OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. Solid and
Liquid
Epochs that today's globalization
paved way for people, things,
information, and places to haden
over time.
 a. Solidity
- refers to barriers that prevent or
make difficult the movement of things.
Example: Landforms and bodies of water.

Example: Videos uploaded on youtube or
facebook are unstoppable once they become
viral.
b. Liquidity
- refers to the increasing ease of
movement of people, things,
information, and places in the
contemporary world.
2. Flows
Are the movement of people,
thing, places, and information
brought by the growing
"porosity" of the global
limitation.
Example: Think of the different foreign cuisines
being patronized and consumed by the Filipinos.
 I. Answer the following questions;

a. Enumerate atleast 3 of the most recent songs you have

Prelim: listened, identify the singer and his nationality.

b. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to
music?

Assignment c. Where are those gadget made?

d. How did you access this music?

No. 1 II. Create a generalization and discuss

how you define globalization.

III. What metaphors are you going to use to

define globalization?