The papaya trees are all of the same species' Some trees bear bisexual flowers, both male

and
female parts are present. But the flowers of other trees are unisexual; they bear only either male
or female part. So the trees that bear only male flowers cannot produce fruit.

Since banana develops only from the ovary it is a true fruit and since it develops without
fertilisation it is parthenocarpic

The corn cob has long tassels which help to spread the pollen into the flow of the wind. This
pollen dispersion allows growth of future progeny due to wider dispersion of pollen into the wind.

In Vallisneria, pollination occurs through the mode of water. Hence, pollen grains are wrapped
by mucilaginous coating to protect pollen from getting wet by water. In the aquatic plant
Vallisneria, water serves as the agent for cross-pollination.

Pea flower undergoes self-pollination which makes it assured that it produced seed as a
result of fertilization which occurs hundreds per cent.

The female gamete or egg is enclosed within the embryo sac. Technically, the ovule of an
angiosperm is referred to as the megasporangium.

Pollen grains can be stored in viable condition in pollen bank for many years in liquid nitrogen
(–196ºC) and can be used in crop breeding programmes. This method of saving is called
cryopreservation. The low temperature allows storing for a longer period as it reduces the
growth rate of cells.

Inside the fertilised ovule, the zygote remains dormant for sometime. This is because the
embryo develops only after the formation of endosperm. So, the zygote waits for
endosperm formation which provides nutrition to the developing embryo.

The megaspore mother cell divides by meiotic division to give rise to 4 haploid megaspores.
Generally, only one megaspore is functional and develops into the female gametophyte or
the embryo sac. This is known as monosporic development.

Xenogamy of pollination that ensures genetic variation.

Amophophallus titanium
Arceuthobim and abietinum are two of the species of plant that produces many minute seeds
in a fruit.

the pollen grains of rice and wheat become inviable within 30 minutes after their release,
whereas pollen grains of some families such as Solanaceae, Fabaceae may remain viable for
several months.

Silene stenophylla (narrow-leafed campion), an Arctic flower native to Siberia is the oldest

seed which retained viability.
The process of cooling and storing cells, tissues, or organs at very low or freezing
temperatures to save them for future use

Cleistogamy is self-pollination. It is well known in plants like peanuts, beans, and beans. The
advantage is no pollinator is required as it can propagate by using non-opening, self-
pollinating flowers. The absence of variation is the biggest disadvantage.

Parthenium, which is a noxious weed, came to India as a contaminant with imported wheat and
caused pollen allergy.

The pollination of these flowers is self-pollination (Autogamy ) since the pollen of a similar
flower enters the stigma without any outside agent (pollinator).

Although both Papaver and Michelia have multicarpellary ovaries they differ from each other in
the sense that Papaver is a many seeded fruit whereas Michelia is a fruit which occurs in
pairs of more than two

Ans Environmental factors especially humidity and temperature greatly affects pollen

viability.

Ans As Apple does not grow from the ovary, it is a false fruit.

Ans Banana produces fruits without mature seeds as there is no fertilization. It is called
as the parthenocarpic fruit. So it uses the vegetative means of propagation.

1600
Ans 24 The difference between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis is listed
below. Microsporogenesis involves the formation of microspores from microspore
mother cells by meiotic division. Megasporogenesis is the process of arrangement of
megaspores from the megaspore mother cell.

Ans 25 diagram

Ans 26 Inside the ovule, there is a homogeneous tissue called nucellus. In this nucellus one
cell near the micropylar end becomes larger and differentiates as the megaspore mother cell.
This cell will then undergo meiosis to produce megaspores which in turn will develop into the
female gametophyte, embryo sac

Ans 27 part 1 diagram

Part 2 In case of maize, the pericarp is fused with the seed coat so the term maize fruit and
maize seed is not used.
Ans 28 Each microsporocyte becomes rounded, undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid cells
microspores or pollen grains. <br> They are arranged in tegrahedral manner Later on front
each tetrad, microspores separate and develop into a mature pollen grain.

Ans 29 saliva of insects help in pollination as when they suck the nectar then
some pollen grains get attached to their mouth which later helps in cross
pollination when that same insects sits on another flower.
4 adaptations:-
1. exposed stamen
2. flower should be colourful and rich in nectar.
3. sticky pollen grains
4. numerous flowers packed in inflorescene.

Ans 30 part 1 diagram

Part 2 Megaspore mother cell 

Part3 Egg cell fuses with one sperm to form diploid zygote. Two polar nuclei (central cells)
fuses with other sperm cell from pollen grain to form triploid cell which forms endosperm.
Synergids help in the entry of sperm cells into the embryo sac

A filiform apparatus' function is to guide pollen tubes' entry, extract food from the nucleus,
and help metabolites at short distances. The filiform apparatus is a finger-like projection, a
highly thickened structure formed from synergid cell walls at the micropylar.