B1 - 2021-2022 - BASIC - GRAMMAR - REVISION - August 2019

Bloc 1 – Grammar revision
BASIC GRAMMAR REVISION
1 Formation of tenses
1.1 Present simple
+
3rd person singular → + S
He ……… swimming every week. (go)
He always ……… home. (hurry)
! do → does
He ……… basketball. (play)
hurry → hurries
play→ plays
rush/kiss/dress…→ - es : he rushes
watch, box …→ - es : he watches
-
They ……………… dancing. (not like)
?
……… you ……… in Brussels? (live)
1.2 Present continuous
+
BE + -ING → He is eating
It ……………… (snow)
! hurry → hurrying
play→ playing
lie→ lying
-
It ……………… anymore. (not rain)
?
………you………to me? (listen)
English Department - p. 1
1.3 Past simple
+
WEAK VERBS → + ED
We ……… a small house. (rent)
She ………………the truth. (admit)
! Spelling rule → double last consonant
He ………………tea. (prefer)
They ………………the restaurant. (enter) if ……
He ………………the business. (develop)
We ………fishing. (go) STRONG VERBS → STUDY LIST !

We ………an umbrella. (take)
-
I ……………… any sugar. (not buy)
?
……… you ……… a photograph? (take)
1.4 Past continuous
+
Past of ‘BE’ + -ING → He was eating
It ……………….(snow)
-
It………………anymore. (not rain)
?
………you……… in London when you were a
child? (live)
1.5 Future simple
+
WILL + INFINITIVE
I ………………. (call) you when I
………………(arrive)
Will → won’t
He ……………… (help) you when he
! When + NO future
………………the time. (have)
-
It………………anymore. (not rain)
?
………you……… (go) to London when you get
your degree?
1.6 Present perfect
+
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
He ……… just ………down the stairs. (fall)
He ……… never ……… here before. (come)
! She has gone to the bank
They ……………… married for 20 years. (be)
She has been to the bank
-
We……………… them since 1990. (not see)
?
……… you ever ……… to Paris? (be)
1.7 Present perfect continuous
+
HAVE BEEN + -ING
I am tired, I ………………………. (study) all
day!
-
I……………………… for a long time. (not
wait)
?
………you……………… in London for a long

time? (work)
2 Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past tense Past participle Translation
To beat beat beaten battre

To become became become devenir
To begin began begun commencer
To bite bit bitten mordre
To blow blew blown souffler
To break broke broken briser
To bring brought brought apporter
To build built built bâtir
To burn burnt / burned burnt / burned brûler
To buy bought bought acheter
To catch caught caught attraper
To choose chose chosen choisir
To come came come venir
To cost cost cost coûter
To cut cut cut couper
To deal dealt dealt distribuer, trafiquer
To do did done faire
To draw drew drawn tirer, dessiner
To dream dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed rêver
To drink drank drunk boire
To drive drove driven conduire, pousser
To eat ate eaten manger
To fall fell fallen tomber
To feed fed fed se nourrir
To feel felt felt (se) sentir, éprouver
To fight fought fought se battre, combattre
To find found found trouver
To fly flew flown voler, s’envoler
To forbid forbad(e) forbidden défendre, interdire
To forget forgot forgotten oublier
To forgive forgave forgiven pardonner
To freeze froze frozen geler
To get got got obtenir
To give gave given donner
To go went gone aller
To grow grew grown grandir, pousser
To hang hung hung pendre, suspendre
To hear heard heard entendre
To hide hid hidden (se) cacher
To hit hit hit frapper, toucher
To hold held held tenir
To hurt hurt hurt blesser, faire mal
To keep kept kept garder
To know knew known savoir, connaître
To lay laid laid poser, coucher

To lead led led mener, conduire
To learn learnt / learned learnt / learned apprendre
To leave left left quitter, partir
To lend lent lent prêter
To let let let laisser, permettre
To lie lay lain être couché
To lose lost lost perdre
To make made made faire, fabriquer
To mean meant meant signifier
To meet met met (se) rencontrer
To pay paid paid payer
To put put put poser, mettre
To read read read lire
To ride rode ridden aller à (cheval, vélo,…)
To ring rang rung sonner
To rise rose risen se lever
To run ran run courir
To say said said dire
To see saw seen voir
To sell sold sold vendre
To send sent sent envoyer
To set set set poser, fixer
To shake shook shaken secouer
To shine shone shone briller
To show showed shown / showed montrer
To shut shut shut fermer
To sing sang sung chanter
To sink sank sunk couler, sombrer
To sit sat sat être assis
To sleep slept slept dormir
To smell smelt smelt sentir (odorat)
To speak spoke spoken parler
To spend spent spent passer, dépenser
To spread spread spread (s’)étendre
To stand stood stood se tenir debout
To steal stole stolen voler, dérober
To stick stuck stuck coller
To strike struck struck frapper
To swear swore sworn jurer
To swim swam swum nager
To take took taken prendre
To teach taught taught enseigner
To tear tore torn déchirer
To tell told told dire, raconter
To think thought thought penser
To throw threw thrown jeter
To understand understood understood comprendre
To wake woke woken éveiller
To wear wore worn porter
To win won won gagner
To write wrote written écrire
3 Use of tenses
3.1 Present simple or continuous?
 Read the grammar rules:
Use the present simple for: Use the present continuous for:
 Actions happening now

 Permanent situations
It’s raining.
I live in a flat.
John is washing his car.
I work as a teacher.
Prices are going up.
[Now –Today – This week....-

These days/Nowadays]
 Habitual actions (90%!!!)  Future arrangements
I always walk to work. What are you doing on Friday night?

I’m often late. I am having dinner with friends.
He must usually work late. He is leaving for Paris tomorrow
I don’t often/frequently eat fish. morning.
I sometimes/occasionally read a book.
+rarely –seldom –hardly ever
+ expressions of frequency: + future time expressions:
How often ...? Tonight-This evening - tomorrow

once a year, twice a month Next week – on Saturday...
every day,…
on Mondays
every other day /every 2 days
 A general truth
The sun rises in the east and sets in the

west.
!Some verbs (be, like, want, know, need, have (possession)) are not normally used in the present
continuous → I need it now.
!Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb but after ‘BE’.
I never go running.
I don’t often go running.
Do you often go running?
!He is often late.
 Write questions in the present simple or continuous.
Questions:
1. How often/go/cinema?
2. What/read/the moment?
3. What/like/do/free time?
4. Where/usually/go/on Saturday nights?
5. What time/usually/go/bed?
6. Study/other languages/this year?
7. How/get/school?
8. What kind/films/like?
9. What/do/tonight?
10. When/watch TV?
 Now work in pairs and use these questions to interview each other.
‘How often do you ...?
Toolbox :
Try to use the following expressions when giving answers:
Once/Twice a week
Every other day/every 2 days
Once a fortnight
Every two months
From time to time
On Mondays
 Present simple or present continuous? Fill in the following dialogues.
1) A Where’s Karl from?

B He …………………. German, but I …………………. he’s Swedish. (look, think)
A He …………………. very good English, doesn’t he? (speak)
2) A What …………………. your brother ………………….? (do)

B He’s a computer programmer, but he …………………. the work very much. He
…………………. a new job. (not like, look for)
A What kind of job …………………. he ………………….? (want)
B Well, he …………………. a part-time course in journalism at the moment, in the evenings.
He’d like to work for a newspaper. (do)
3) A I …………………. on holiday tomorrow. (go)

B Where …………………. you………………….? (go)
A To Amsterdam. My wife’s Dutch, so we …………………. there every year to visit my
mother-in-law. (go)
B …………………. you…………………? (fly)
A No, we …………………. by car. (go)
B When …………………. you …………………. back? (come)
A Next Sunday.
4) A What …………………. you …………………. tonight? (do)

B I …………………. some friends. We always …………………. on Friday nights. (meet 2X)
 Future arrangements:
Student A would like to invite student B for dinner. Unfortunately, student B is very busy…
Fill in the following conversation using your own sentences.
Student A Student B
Wants to invite B for dinner Looks at his diary for the next few days
- Can you come on Monday evening? - Sorry, I’d love to but…..

- What about ………………… then? - I can’t. I’m afraid I’m ……………..
- Well, what are you doing on ……………..? - I’m…………………….
- I see. Well, are you free on………………..? - I’m afraid not. I’m………………………
3.2 Will, going to and present continuous
 Look at the pairs of sentences (a/b). In pairs, decide which are possible.
1. What are your plans for the future? 3. Who do you think is going to get the job?
a) I’m going to start my own business. a) I think Martin will get it.
b) I’ll start my own business. b) I think Martin is going to get it.
2. The phone is ringing. 4. What are you doing tonight?

a) OK, I’ll answer it. a) I’m going to meet some friends after
b) OK, I’m going to answer it. class.
b) I’m meeting some friends after class.
 Now check with the grammar rules. Three different forms are commonly used in English to
talk about the future. The one you use depends on the situation.
INTENTIONS GOING TO -What are you going to do when

you finish school? (= what are
For something you’ve already your intentions?)
decided to do.
FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS PRESENT CONTINUOUS -I’m having dinner with Ann

tomorrow. (= I’ve already
For something in the future booked the restaurant)
we’ve already arranged (e.g.
written in our diary), especially ! I’m going to have dinner
with the verbs go, come, see, with Ann tomorrow is also
meet, leave, and have possible.
(dinner…)
UNPLANNED DECISIONS WILL / WON’T + -I’ve got a problem.

INFINITIVE -I’ll help you.
For a spontaneous decision you
make at the moment of
speaking
OFFERS !for questions with ‘I’ and -Shall I open the window?
‘we’, use ‘shall’
PREDICTIONS WILL OR GOING TO -I think they’ll win.

-I think they are going to win.
 In pairs, respond to the statements. Use I’ll…, or shall I…?
It’s very hot in this room → Shall I open the window?
1. I’m hungry.
2. It’s very dark in here.
3. This parcel is too heavy for me.
4. We need some milk and bread.
5. I need to go to the airport urgently.
 Put the verbs into the correct form : will/won’t or present simple
! Reminder: time clauses -> NO future !
I will tell you when you get back

as soon as you get back
after you get back
if you promise not to repeat it
1. Before you …………………. (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows.

2. I …………………. (phone) you as soon as I …………………. (arrive) in London.
3. Please don’t touch anything before the police …………………. (come).
4. Everyone …………………. (be) very surprised if he…………………. (pass) the
examination.
5. When you …………………. (see) Brian again, you …………………. (not/recognize)
him.
6. We …………………. (not/start) dinner until Jack…………………. (arrive).
7. …………………. (you/be) lonely without me while I…………………. (be) away?
8. If I …………………. (need) any help, I…………………. (ask) you.
 Put the verbs into the correct form : present simple, present continuous or future simple
1. I think she (leave) next Friday.

2. John (not,belong) to a political party.
3. What (you,watch,usually) on TV?
4. I’ll phone him as soon as I (arrive) in Madrid.
5. (Jane,stay) at home tonight? No, she (go out).
6. I (go, normally) to Ichec by bus.
7. I (give) her the parcel when I (see) her tomorrow.
8. I (not, come) to the party on Saturday. I’ve got too much work.
9. My father is a doctor but he (not,work) for the moment.
10. (you ,wear, always) glasses?
3.3 Past simple or continuous?
 Read the grammar rules:
Use the past simple for: Use the past continuous for:
 To describe an action in progress at a

 Finished actions
particular moment in the past.
I had an accident yesterday.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock
last week.
yesterday?
in 1980.
I was lying on the beach at this time
when I was in Spain.
last week.
a week ago.
 Any description in the past (clothes,

 The interest is in the past action as
weather...)
such.
She was wearing a red dress.
I had an accident yesterday.
The sun was shining.
Really?
How/When did it happen?
 Finished periods  A long past action is interrupted by a

short action.
I live in Belgium but I was born in Africa.
I lived there for 3 years. We were watching TV when John
arrived.
(John arrived while we were watching
TV.)
 Two simultaneous actions

= two past continuous tenses
I was watching TV while Mary was

reading.
 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple:
Example: While Tom was cooking the dinner (cook), the phone rang (ring).
1. George …………………. (fall) off the ladder while he …………………. (paint) the ceiling.
2. Last night I …………………. (read) in bed when suddenly I …………………. (hear) a
scream.
3. …………………. (you/watch) television when I phoned you?
4. Ann …………………. (wait) for me when I …………………. (arrive).
5. I …………………. (not/drive) very fast when the accident …………………. (happen).
6. I …………………. (break) a plate last night. I …………………. (do) the washing-up when it
…………………. (slip) out of my hand.
7. Tom …………………. (take) a photograph of me while I ………………… (not/look).
8. We …………………. (not/go) out because it …………………. (rain).
9. What …………………. (you/do) at this time yesterday?
10. I …………………. (see) Carol at the party. She ………………… (wear) a really beautiful
dress.
3.4 Present perfect simple and past simple
Use the past simple for: Use the present perfect for:
 The action started in the past but is

 The action is finished
still going on in the present.
(Or the period referred to is finished)
(Or the period referred to is finished)
How long have you known him?

How long did you live there?
I’ve known him for (5 years).
I lived there for ....
since (2012).
from .... to ...
I haven’t seen him today.

I saw him yesterday.
this week/ year ...
last week
for the past 2 years.
a week ago
in 2005
when I was ...
 The stress is on the present experience:
 The stress is on the past action as such.
you don’t say/ ask or know when.
I’ve travelled a lot.

I had an accident last year and I spent 2
I’ve studied English before.
months in hospital.
( ?)Have you ever been to India?
I went on a business trip to the USA
Have you been to India yet?
in 2006.
(+)I’ve been there already.
(-)No, I have never been there.

I still haven’t been there.
I haven’t been there yet.
+ so far/ up to now
just
 Recent past situations: when you want

to insist on the present result.
I’ve broken my leg, so I can’t play

tennis.
Sorry I can’t open the door for you, I’ve
lost my keys!
I have lost my mobile. Can I borrow

yours to make a call?
! FOR and SINCE
FOR + period of time: I have known him for 10 years.
SINCE + a point in time: I have known him since September 2008.
3.4.1 Unfinished actions/situations: an action that started in the past but

which is still going on.
 Read the situations and complete the sentences:
Ann and Sue are friends. They first met years ago. ► They have known each other for years.
1 Joe is ill, he became ill on Sunday. He has ………………………………… Sunday.

2 Joe is ill, he became ill a few days ago. He has ……………………………… a few days.
3 Liz is married. She’s been married for a year. She got …………………………………
4 James has a headache. It started when he woke up. He’s……………………… he woke
up.
5 You’re working in a hotel. You started 6 months ago.
You’ve …………………………………
 This time you have to make sentences using the words given.
Examples:
(I/smoke/20 cigarettes yesterday) ► I smoked 20 cigarettes yesterday.
(how many cigarettes /you/smoke/today?) ► How many cigarettes have you smoked today?
(I / be / ill twice so far this year) I ……………………………………….

(How many times / be / you / ill last year?) How many times ………………………………
(I / not / drink /any coffee so far today) ……………………………………….
(He / be / late three times this week) ……………………………………….
(How many games / the team / win / last season?) ……………………………………….
(How many games / the team /win / so far this season?) ……………………………………….
 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect (I have done) or past simple (I did).
I …………………………… (not / play) golf when I was on holiday last summer.

Mr Clark …………………………… (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
Molly lives in Dublin. She …………………………… (live) there all her life.
Bob and Alice are married. They …………………………… (be) married for 20 years.
When we were on holiday, the weather …………………………… (be) awful.
 Correct the sentences which are wrong.
1 Tom has broken his leg yesterday.

2 They arrived about twenty minutes ago.
3 She’s my best friend and I know her for ten years.
4 We’ve lived here since ten years and we like it.
5 I haven’t played football since I was 11.
 FOR or SINCE?
1. It’s been raining …………… lunchtime.

2. Sarah has lived in Paris …………… 1995.
3. Paul has lived in London …………… ten years.
4. I’m tired of waiting, I’ve been sitting here …………… an hour.
5. Kevin has been looking for a job …………… he left school.
6. I haven’t been to a party …………… ages.
7. I wonder where Joe is. I haven’t seen him …………… last week.
8. Jane is away, she’s been away …………… Friday.
9. The weather is dry. It hasn’t rained…………… a few weeks.
 Explain the difference:
1 We’ve been married for 5 years.

We were married for 5 years.
3.4.2 When you don’t say/ ask or know when it happened: the stress is
on the present experience.
Have you EVER … ?
Question: Have you ever visited an Asian country?
Answers: NO, I haven’t.

YES, I have. → When was that? What was it like?
 Speaking activity: Interview your partner(s), try to get as much information as you can by
asking follow-up questions. You will be asked to report to the class.
HAVE YOU EVER …..
- left a restaurant without paying?

- lied about your age?
- won a competition?
- been the victim of a crime?
- had a supernatural experience?
- broken a window?
- got up or stayed up to see the sunrise?
- met someone famous?
- broken or damaged something and not told the owner?
- got completely drunk?
- had food poisoning?
- witnessed a crime?
- passed an exam you’d never thought you’d pass?
- lost your key?
- missed a train/plane?
3.4.3 Recent past situations: when you want to insist on the present
result.
 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.
Example: I have lost (lose) my key. I can’t find it anywhere.
1. ………………………. (you/see) the film on television last night?

2. Jill ………………………. (buy) a new car two weeks ago.
3. His hair is very short. He ………………………. (have) a haircut.
4. Last night I ………………………. (arrive) home at half past twelve.
I………………………. (have) a bath and then I ………………………. (go) to bed.
5. ………………………. (you/visit) many museums when you were in Paris?
6. My bicycle isn’t here any more. Somebody ………………………. (take) it.
7. When ………………………. (you/give) up smoking?
8. I ………………………. (not/eat) anything yesterday because I
………………………. (not/feel) hungry.
9. Why ………………………. (Jim /not/want) to play tennis last Friday?
10. The car looks very clean. ………………………. (you/wash) it?
11. Brian: Hello Susan. Is Alan here?
Susan: No, I’m afraid he ………………………. (go) out.
Brian: What a pity! When exactly ………………………. (he/go) out?
Susan: About ten minutes ago.
 Speaking activity: continue these conversations with an explanation using the present perfect
and a follow-up question.
Example:
A- Why are you limping?
B- I have just had a car accident.
A- Oh dear. How did that happen?
What’s happened to your hair?

You seem happy these days. Why is that?
Is there something wrong? You look worried.
You look tired! Why is that?
 In pairs, write suitable answers to these questions using the present perfect.
Example:
A- Why is it so hot in here?
B- Because someone has left the heating on.
Why is it so cold in here?

Why are the police here?
What’s in the news today?
What’s the matter?
Where’s my car?
How’s your family?

What’s that smell?
3.5 Present perfect simple or continuous
 Read the following rules:
Use the present perfect continuous:
 To insist on duration.
With ‘How long –for –since –all day...’
Especially with verbs such as ‘play-live-wait-study+ verbs of position’
How long have you been studying English?

I’ve been waiting here all day!
 For an action that lasted in the past / has recently finished / whose result you can see.
You’re very dirty! What have you been doing?

I have been playing football.
! We don’t use the present perfect continuous with be, have (possession) and know.
→ I’ve known her for ten years.
3.6 Revisions: mixed tenses

Read about the organization’s social action programme. Fill the spaces with the
correct form of the verb in brackets. Use either the past simple or the present
perfect tense. Underline the keywords.
The first branch of The Body Shop ……………………. (open) in 1976 in Brighton, England.
We ………………….. (now grow) into a worldwide organization with about 3,000 stores,
owned and franchised, in more than 65 countries. Since the very beginning, we
…………………….. (be) committed to activities on both a local and global scale.
Throughout the 1980s and the 1990s, the company ………………. (join) a number of
campaigns related to social responsibility and environmental issues. In 1991, we
…………………….. (win) the UK Award for Employee Volunteering.
We ………………………… (run) 21 campaigns to date, ranging from Stop the Burning, to

protest about the destruction of Brazilian Rainforests to human rights campaigns, run in
association with Amnesty International. In 1990, 2.6 million people …………….. (sign) our
petition against animal testing. In our Refill Recycle campaign in 1992, our customers
………………….. (bring) over 560,000 bottles back to out shops in the UK for refilling.
In 1991, we ………………………. (fund) the launch of a newspaper, sold by homeless

people who keep a proportion of the cover price. On the first day it ………………………
(sell) 10,000 copies. It ……………………… (now progress) from a monthly to a weekly
newspaper, with a circulation of 135,000 copies per week.
We ………………. (start) a Romanian Relief Drive in 1990 to help abandoned children. So

far, our project team ………………………….. (renovate and refurbish) three orphanages and
…………………….. (begin) care programs to improve the quality of the children’s lives.
Since the start we …………………….. (take care) to involve local people in our efforts and
teams of volunteers ………………. ……….. (work) alongside Romanian staff. In 1993, we
…………………………. (expand) our efforts with another hospital project in Albania.
In March 2006, The Body Shop ………………… (agree) to a 652.3 million pounds takeover
by l’Oréal.
In September 2007, Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop, ……………….. (die)
following a stroke. Following her death, she was recognised by former Prime Minister
Gordon Brown as a businesswoman” who ………………………. (campaign) for green issues
for many years before it …………………… (become) fashionable to do so.”
In 2017, l’Oréal …………….. (sell) The Body Shop to Brazilian cosmetics company Natura
in a deal of 1 billion euros.
Electric cars – Latest update
Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use either the
past simple or the present perfect tense. Underline the keywords.
A small American car manufacturer ………………………….. (just announce) that its

experimental electric car, the Lexington X1 will go into production this year. Markton
Automobiles of Detroit, Michigan ……………………………. (make) the announcement at
last month’s Auto show in Geneva.
Although there are now many electric cars on the market, so far manufacturers
…………………… (not be able) to produce one that can really compete with existing petrol
cars. There are two major problems – speed and distance. Up until now, electric cars
………………………………(be) either too slow or unable to travel far enough without
recharging their batteries. Markton Automobiles claim they ……………………….
(overcome) these difficulties with a new type of solar panel which continually recharges the
batteries. The company …………………………….. (not give) the press exact details yet, but
they claim they ………………………….. (already test) the car successfully under all kinds of
weather conditions.
A Japanese company ………………………… (first design) the engine in 2007. But over the
last few years Markton ……………………. (adapt) the design and increased its power. The
company ………………….. (invite) ten journalists to test-drive the new car last week. Their
reports ………………………… (be) mainly positive, although we will have to wait for the
full test results before we know if this really is the electric car that everyone is waiting for.
 Choose the right tense: simple past, past continuous or present perfect.
1. I didn’t hear you, I …………………………. (listen) to the radio.

2. They ……………………… (meet) in 2002. They ……………………… (be married) for 15
years.
3. What ………………………… (you, do) so far?
4. He (not - do) …………………………anything since he ………………………… (arrive).
5. I ………………………… (speak) to him yesterday afternoon.
6. Don’t bother him at the moment. He ………………………… (just, had) some bad news.
7. I ………………………… (see) Alexandra at the party. She ………………………… (wear) a
dark blue dress.
8. The water ………………………… (be cut off) while I ………………………… (have) a
shower. It was really unpleasant!
9. The film was boring so I ………………………… (get up) and ……………………… (leave).
10. ………………………… (you, fall, ever) from a tree?
11. They ………………………… (live) in Madeira for some time now.
12. ………………………… (you, watch) the film on BBC last night?
13. He………………………… (not, speak) to me for months.
 Verbs (basic use) – Mixed Exercises: choose the right tense.
1. (he, ever, try) to stop smoking?

2. Where (you, go) this afternoon? I’m going swimming with David.
3. They (be) friends since they (do) that work together.
4. I’ll buy a car as soon as I (have) my driving licence.
5. I (not, break) anything so far.
6. The Simpsons (live) here for years.
7. Agatha Christie (die) in 1992.
8. What (you, do) when you (get) your degree from ICHEC?
9. He (fall) from a tree when he was five.
10. The bell (ring) half an hour ago.
 Put the verbs in the right tenses:
Hello. My name is David Nelson.

I ……………………. (to be born) in England but I …………………….
(live) in South America when I was a child. I …………………….
(live) there for ten years. Then I …………………….
(come) back to England. I’m a journalist. I …………………….
(work) for a London newspaper for 5 years and I …………………….
(work) in television for the past 2 years. I don’t work for the EBC (= English Broadcasting
Corporation). I work for another company. The EBC ……………………. (just offer) me a job. I
……………………. (think) about the offer. I ……………………. (consider) it very carefully.
My name’s Linda Blake.

I ……………………. (to be born) and …………………….
(bring up) in a small town. I ……………………. (study) at Cambridge for 3 years. Then I
……………………. (become) a teacher. I ……………………. (be)
a teacher for three years. For the last year I …………………….
(work) for a women’s magazine. I …………………….

(try) to get a job with the EBC. I ……………………. (not think) I’ll get it because I have no
experience in television
4 Understanding modals
4.1 An overview of modals

 Fill in the following grid:
Modals Translation
Elle sait nager She …………………………

Ability ( = capacité)
Elle savait nager She …………………………
Elle saura bientôt nager She ………soon……………
Obligation
Will of the speaker Vous devez répondre au You …………………………

(=I feel it’s necessary). téléphone. (ordre)
External obligation Elle doit répondre au tél. (Elle She …………………………

(train / appointment/legal est toute seule au bureau).
obligation...)
Elle devait répondre au tél. She …………………………
Elle ne devait pas … She .....................................
Elle devra répondre au tél. She …………………………
Prohibition (= Interdiction) Vous ne pouvez pas fumer ici ! You …………………………
Absence of obligation Il ne doit pas faire les courses. He …………………………

(le frigo est rempli.)
Vous ne deviez pas faire les You …………………………

courses.
Vous ne devrez pas faire les You …………………………

courses.
Permission
Questions Pourrais-je emprunter ta ………………………..

voiture ?
Puis-je emprunter ta voiture ? ………………………..
Giving permission Tu peux conduire la voiture. You ………………………
Il pouvait conduire la voiture. He ………………………..
Il pourra conduire la voiture. He ………………………..
Possibility (= probabilité)
Strong Il se peut que je sois en retard.. …………………………
Weak Il se pourrait que je sois ... …………………………
Advice - Recommendation
Il devrait arrêter de fumer. He …………………………
Il ne devrait pas brosser les He …………………………

cours.
Moral obligation Tu devrais rendre visite à ta You …………………………

grand-mère
Logical deduction Il y a longtemps qu’il est parti, He …………………………

il doit être à la maison.
Elle vient de partir, elle ne peut She …………………………

pas être à la maison.
Offers and requests Voulez-vous que je vous aide? ………………… help you?
Voulez-vous que nous fermions ………………… close the

la porte ? door?
Voulez-vous venir avec nous ? ………………… come with

us?
Voulez-vous du gâteau ?
………………… have some
cake?
4.2 A smoking policy

 Look at the text below explaining a company’s policy on smoking in their offices. Rephrase
the underlined parts of each sentence using an appropriate modal from the grid. Make any
other grammatical changes if necessary. Follow the example.
Example: Employees are forbidden to smoke anywhere except in the designated areas.
→ Employees mustn’t smoke anywhere except in the designated areas.
COMPANY SMOKING POLICY
Employees are forbidden to smoke anywhere except in the designated areas. It is possible that anyone
who consistently breaks this rule will lose his/her job.(1)
Smokers are allowed (2) to use rooms 4B and 6C for cigarette breaks or coffee breaks. They are
permitted (3) to take up to four five-minute breaks a day to smoke, excluding lunch and coffee
breaks. They are not obliged (4) to tell their supervisors when they go for an approved cigarette break
but are not allowed to (5) take more than four breaks without special permission.
Smokers are strictly forbidden (6) to empty ashtrays into wastepaper bins as there is a possibility (7)
that this will cause a fire. You are advised not to (8) leave the doors of the smoking rooms open, as
this interferes with the ventilation system.
Clients and visitors to the company are also obliged (9) to comply with the smoking regulations.
To avoid causing embarrassment to visitors, it is recommended (10) that you explain our policy to
them on arrival and ask if they are smokers. If so, use the special meeting room provided for smokers;
for small, informal discussions, it is also possible (11) for you to use the smoking section of the
reception hall.
 Answers:
1. …………………………………
2. …………………………………
3. …………………………………
4. …………………………………
5. …………………………………
6. …………………………………
7. …………………………………
8. …………………………………
9. …………………………………
10. …………………………………
11. …………………………………
4.3 Understanding modals – EXERCISES

4.3.1 Exercise 1
1. You (practise) more, if you want to (drive). RECOMMENDATION / ABILITY
2. She (pass) her driving test this time. STRONG / WEAK POSSIBILITY
3. You (have) a driving licence to drive a car in Belgium. OBLIGATION
4. I think she (take) driving lessons. OBLIGATION – FUTURE
5. I (go) by bus yesterday. OBLIGATION – PAST
6. As he lives close to his office, John (go) to work by car. ABSENCE OF OBLIGATION
7. We (buy) a new car. ABSENCE OF OBLIGATION – PAST
8. Ken (drive) a car when he was fourteen. ABILITY – PAST
9. I (never, drive). ABILITY - FUTURE
10. I (borrow) your car tonight? ASKING FOR PERMISSION – POLITE / INFORMAL
11. You (not drive) until you have your licence. PERMISSION – FUTURE
12. She (be) very gifted. She (drive) after two days! LOGICAL DEDUCTION / ABILITY – PAST
13. No! She (be) in Paris yet; I saw her two hours ago. LOGICAL DEDUCTION - NEGATIVE
4.3.2 Exercise 2
1. Tu devras le relire. (future obligation)
2. Ils ont dû changer de vêtements pour dîner. (past obligation)
3. Je ne veux pas être obligé de travailler toute ma vie. (obligation)
4. Non, tu ne dois pas partir tout de suite, tu as encore un peu de temps. (absence of obligation)
5. Il ne sera pas nécessaire que je refasse mon travail. (future absence of obligation)
6. Les enfants ne devraient pas manger autant de bonbons. (recommendation)
7. Où est-elle ? Elle doit être à la maison. (deduction)
Elle ne peut pas être sortie. (negative deduction)
8. Il peut arriver à tout moment. (strong possibility)
9. Il se pourrait qu’il ne rentre pas avant 5 heures (weak possibility)
10. Elle était capable de lire à quatre ans. (past ability)
11. Dans quelques semaines il saura comprendre la BBC. (future ability)
12. Tu pouvais venir quand tu voulais. (past permission)
13. Il ne pourra pas t’accompagner en vacances. (future permission)
14. Pourrais-tu me prêter £5 ? (polite request)
15. Puis-je avoir encore un peu de café ? (polite request)
16. Veux-tu que je fasse la vaisselle ? (offer - suggestion)
17. Veux-tu venir avec moi au cinéma ? (invitation)
4.3.3 Exercise 3
Choose the best answer : A, B or C
1. I’d like to ……………… sing well.
A. can B. have ability to C. be able to
2. We ran out of milk last night but I ……………….. buy some at the corner shop.
A. could B. was able to C. can’t
3. The buses …………….. get very crowded before they built the new Underground.
A. could B. can C. were able to
4. This ………………. be your book. It’s got your name on it.
A. can B. must C. perhaps
5. The heating’s been on all day so there …………… plenty of hot water for your bath.
A. could be B. should be C. can’t be
6. Everything is soaking wet. It …………… have rained very heavily last night.
A. must B. could C. should
7. It’s eight o’clock. We ………………. leave now.
A. ‘ve got to B. are have to C. ‘ve got
8. When we arrived at the gate, we …………….. to show our passports.
A. must B. had got to C. had to
9. You ……………… take any of the confidential files home. It’s against company rules.
A. don’t have to B. haven’t got to C. mustn’t
10. “Excuse me. May I take a photograph?” No, I’m afraid you…………….
A. mightn’t B. couldn’t C. can’t
11. Our teacher was sick, so we …………………… leave school early yesterday.
A. were allowed to B. could C. might
12. One more thing, madam, …………….. you confirm your date of birth?
A. would B. may I C. shall
13. …………… I have some more tea, please?
A. could B. shall C. would
14. I wonder if this is the right way. It ……………………. not be.
A. can B. could C. might
5 The passive
5.1 The different structures
 Fill in the grids below:
Active Passive
1. The doctor helps the patient.
2. The doctor is helping the patient.
3. The doctor helped the patient.
4. The doctor was helping the patient.
5. The doctor will help the patient.
6. The doctor has helped the patient.
Structure: ………….. + …………..
7. The doctor can help the patient.
Passive sentences with an indirect object

John gave Mary a ring.
Passive:
…………………………………………………
………………………………………………...
5.2 Exercises
 Complete the following passive sentences in the suggested tenses.
1. This picture ………………………… (always admire). PRESENT

2. His leg ………………………… (hurt) in an accident. PAST
3. This exercise ………………………… (do) very carefully. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
4. The box ………………………… (not open) for the last hundred years. PRES. PERFECT
5. This play ………………………… (forget) in a few years’ time. FUTURE
6. …………………………any questions ………………………… (ask) about me? PAST
7. The bridge ………………………… (not build) last year. PAST
8. Stolen cars ………………………… (not, always, find). PRESENT
9. Two of my best cups ………………………… (break). PRESENT PERFECT
10. The old chairs ………………………… (mend). PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 Write a new sentence in the passive, starting with the underlined word:
1. They didn’t give Ann the job. Ann wasn’t ………………………….

2. They don’t pay Jim very much. Jim………………………….
3. Nobody told me that George was sick. I………………………….
4. They should offer Tom the job. I think Tom ………………………….
5. We will send you your results next week. You ………………………….
 Make passive sentences from the words in brackets.
1. That church looks old. (when / it / build?)

2. What happens to the cars produced in the factory? (most of them / export ?)
3. Mr Kelly can’t use his office at the moment. (it / redecorate)
4. Where’s my bicycle? It’s gone! (it / steal)
5. Did anyone call the ambulance to the scene of the accident?
Yes. But (nobody / injure /so it / not /need)
 Complete the sentence with one of the following verbs:
drive / find / make / wake up
1. I don’t mind driving but I prefer to …………………………….. by other people.

2. I told the receptionist that I wanted to …………………………….. at 6.30.
3. The missing child can’t …………………………….. anywhere.
4. The decision will not …………………………….. until the next meeting.
 Put the following verbs into a suitable tense in the passive. All tenses are possible : present, past,
future and infinitive.
Mary has just arrived home from work. Neil is already there.
Mary : Hi! I’m back. Sorry I’m late.

Neil : Hello. What kept you?
Mary : I had to use the ring road and I ........................ (stick) in a traffic jam for forty minutes.
Neil : Why didn’t you use the usual road?
Mary : Because the road ............................ (close) until work on the access road to the new
hospital ................................... (complete).
Neil : When is it due to ............................ (finish)?
Mary : Well, the access road ........................................ (open) by the Mayor next week, according to the
newspaper, and the Health Minister .................................... (invite) to open the hospital on the same day,
but they don’t know yet whether she’s definitely coming.
Neil : A lot of money ..................................... (waste) if she doesn’t come.
Mary : Why’s that?
Neil : Haven’t you seen all those rose bushes that .......................... ........... (plant) round the hospital?
Mary : So? They’ll be lovely for the patients.
Neil : But the patients won’t be able to see them, because they’re round the entrance, and the wards look
out in the other direction. A lot of people protested about it, but all their complaints ...........................
(ignore) until it was too late.
Mary : If they had money to spare, it ......................................... (spend) on facilities for patients, not on
making the front look pretty for the Minister.
Neil : Absolutely. It’s typical of this local council. They …………………………................. (elect) to
save money, but they do just the opposite.
Mary : Perhaps they .................................................. (throw) out at the next election.
Neil : I hope so. Now, are you ready for supper?
6 Interrogative sentences
 Fill in or ask a question about the underlined word
1. W……….. car is this? Is it John’s?
2. I live in Brussels.
3. It takes 30 minutes to come here.
4. I’ve been waiting for two hours.
5. He visits his grandparents once a month.
6. I’d like to speak to Mr Jones, please.
7. It’s my turn.
8. I left Belgium ten years ago.
9. I think this one is the cheapest.
10. He earns 100£ a month.
11. I found the address by calling at every house.
12. I’m looking for my ring.
13. John came here yesterday.
14. John likes ice-cream.
15. The engine isn’t working.
16. A car means freedom to me. (2 sentences)
! Jane left the company.
The answer is the subject: Who left last week? ► Jane
The answer is the direct object: What did Jane leave? ► the company
7 Question-tags ( = n’est-ce pas?)
 Fill in the grid below :
You are English, aren’t you ?

You will come,
You won’t come,
You came yesterday, didn’t you?
You didn’t come,
You like him,
! Special cases:
Don’t tell him, will you?

Let’s tell him,
You’ll never tell him,
8 Short answers
Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

Will you come? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
! Expressing a parallel:
I can ski. So can I.

I can’t ski Neither can I.
I like tea. So do I.
I don’t like tea. Neither do I.
8.1 Question-tags and short answers: exercises
 Answer
Can you swim ? (-)

Will he be there? (-)
Have you got a car? (+)
Have you been running (+)
Who will be there? (Peter)

Who should come? (me)
Who doesn’t like tea? (my friend)
 Disagree (starting with YES,…. Or NO,…)
It is raining again.
He will help you.
You spoke to her.
You haven’t told him.
She won’t come!
 Express a parallel with John.
I’m afraid.
I have seen the film.
He plays the piano.
They came by train.
I haven’t understood.
They can’t come.
You didn’t come.
 Express a contrast.
I live in Brussels but he …………

They went to the theatre yesterday but I …………
She’ll travel by plane but he …………
He doesn’t like shopping but I …………
They can’t play the guitar but he …………
 Answer negatively.
Is he Belgian? (think)
Is it going to rain? (hope)
Will she be there? (suppose)
 Short answers
1.Did he run away? No, I don’t think so (to think /negatively)

2.Mark loves Simon. No, he …………
3.I’m not thirsty. …………………… (neg. parallel : the same is true for me)
4.We’ll arrive today, but Tom …………
5.We came late. ………… (pos. parallel : the same is true for me)
6.Who caught the train? They …………
7.Who’s sung that song? Tom …………
8.Who’ll be on time. Tom …………
9.Who read my letter? Tom …………
10. Is Mark sick? …………………… (to hope / negative)
 Question - tags
1.It freezes every night now, …………….?

2.She’d eaten, …………….?
3.Don’t lose it, …………….?
4.He’s become a doctor, …………….?
5.They’ll never agree, …………….?
6.They are never on time, …………….?
7.You’d help her if you could, …………….?
8.They haven’t helped you, …………….?
9.You didn’t lie, …………….?
10. Let’s get going, …………….?
9 Relative clauses
DEFINING
(S)HE IT
Subj who, that which, that
Object that, 0 that, 0
Preposition that….. about that ….. about

0……about 0 …….. about
Possessive whose whose, of which
NON-DEFINING i.e. just providing additional info / can be left out
…..,WH-………………………. ,
Ex: Mr. Jones, who you met yesterday, is her husband.

He said he had been ill, which was true.
 Add the correct relative pronoun, making sure you provide a complete sentence.:
The reporter …………… is filming is very famous.

It was raining hard, …………… was a real pity.
Have you found the umbrella …………… you lost?
He’s the man ……………..…married Claudia Schiffer. (his son married Claudia Schiffer)
The portrait …………..………was painted by Van Gogh. (you are looking at that portrait)
Thanks for the book …………………. you lent me yesterday.
The job ………….. he got wasn’t very interesting.
This book …………………………..… is just amazing. (everybody talks about this book)
What is it …………………. you are listening to ?
A good builder is one ……………… houses don’t fall down.
Have you got anything …………….. I can write with?
He went to a meeting …………………….. (he didn’t understand the purpose of the meeting)
10 Adjectives and adverbs
Her voice is beautiful. She sings beautifully.

He’s a nice boy. He behaves …………………
He’s a fast runner. He runs …………………
She’s a hard worker. She works …………………
Her English is good. She speaks English …………………
! I didn’t sleep much. I …………………slept.
 Translate:
John habite plus loin que Susan.

Peter a obtenu le meilleur diplôme.
Francis a travaillé le moins, et a obtenu les plus mauvais résultats.
Mary est moins jolie que Jennifer, mais plus jolie qu’Ann.
Qui est la plus jolie ?
Cette montre-ci est la plus chère, mais celle-là est aussi bonne.
Il fait plus sombre dans la cuisine que dans le salon.
Ma maison est plus belle que la tienne.
Qui a le plus d’argent ?
Qui a le moins d’argent ?
11 Articles
!! We use a(n) to describe sy’s job.

Ex: NOT : He is doctor!! BUT -> He is a doctor.
!!We do NOT use ‘the’ in generalizations.

Ex: I like music, poetry & art in general.
I am interested in nature.
Books are expensive.
 Put the, a(n) or 0 in each blank.
…………. woman you see there is ………… farmer.

What is …………….. nature of his illness?
She wants to become ……….. hairdresser.
Can you turn off ……………. music?
He works as ……….. marketing manager.
…………. people usually think that …. …babies are sweet and ………… teenagers annoying.
Put …….. books on the table.
His father is ….. mechanic.
I hate …… poetry he is writing.
……… teachers are all the same !!

……..equality is a lie: ……women are better.
12 Quantifiers
Beaucoup de .. peu de … (-) (+)
Uncountables a lot of … <-> (very) little A little

(ex : money, time…) lots of … some
plenty of …
(?) much not much
Countables a lot of… <-> (very) few A few

(ex: friends, books..) lots of.. some
plenty of…
(?) many not many
 Correct the sentences which are wrong:
1. Do you eat much fish? Yes, I eat a lot.

2. I eat too much sweet things.
3. She doesn’t eat vegetables enough.
4. How many milk do you drink a day?
5. I’ve eaten too many pasta this week.
6. Do you drink much alcohol? No, none.
7. This coffee isn’t strong enough.
8. I only eat very few chocolate.
 Complete with much, many, a lot of or a lot.
1. Do you eat ………… fruit?

Yes, I eat ………… apples. I love them.
2. How ………… cups of tea do you have a day?
I have at least five, sometimes more.
3. How ………… mineral water do you drink?
Not …………. I usually drink tap water.
4. Do you think your diet is healthy?
No, I eat too ………… sweets. I also drink too ………… coffee.
 Complete with a lot (of), much, many, little, few, or any.
1. I’ve got very ……………….. really close friends – only one or two.
2. We’ll have to do this quickly. We haven’t got ……………….. time.
3. I drink ……………….. tea – maybe six cups a day, but very ……………….. coffee.
4. I never watch Channel 5. There are too ……………….. adverts.

5. I’ve been eating too ……………….. recently. I’m going to go on a diet.
6. How ……………….. free time have you got?
Very ………………… I work long hours.
7. Have you got any money on you?
Yes, but not ……………….. I haven’t been to the bank yet.
8. I am a strict vegetarian. I don’t eat ………………. meat.
9. How ……………….. students came to the first class?
Not……………….., because ……………….. people are still on holiday.
10. There is only a ……………….. milk left. Please don’t use it all.
11. I can’t run very fast. I smoke too………………..
12. I forgot my camera, so we couldn’t take ……………….. photos.
13. We’ve only got a ……………….. potatoes. Can you buy some?
14. I don’t like shopping in hypermarkets. There are too ……………….. people.
15. I read ……………….. magazines – five or six a week, but not ……………….. books.
13 If-clauses
"Conditionals" are also referred to as "if clauses".
They are also often divided into four "types": “zero”, "first", "second" and "third" conditionals. This
year, we're only going to consider the "zero", "first" and "second" types.
The construction is often used to indicate an uncertain event or situation. Special tenses are usually
used to show this uncertainty or "distance from reality".
1. The 'zero' conditional, where the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present:
'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + simple present simple present

If you heat ice it melts.
If it’s hot shops sell more ice cream.
In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible. They are often
used to refer to general truths.
2. The Type 1 conditional, where the tense in the 'if’ clause is the simple present, and the tense in the
main clause is will/going to/present progressive (referring to the future), a modal verb such as may,
might, could or should, or an imperative.
'IF' CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
If + simple present
will
If it rains
you will get wet.
If you don't hurry
we will miss the train.
If + simple present
going to
If you keep speaking French
I’m going to get angry.
modal verb
If + simple present
you should go and see the doctor.
If you don’t feel better tomorrow
I might go to the pub.
If I get this work finished
In these sentences, the time in the “if” clause is the usually the present and in the main clause the
future. The situation is real. They refer to a possible condition and its probable result.
Note that the present simple is used to refer to the future here.
3. The Type 2 conditional, where the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple past, and the verb in the
main clause is would/could/may/might/should + infinitive:
'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + simple past would or modal + infinitive

If you paid more attention, you wouldn’t make so many mistakes
If you went to bed earlier, you might not be so tired.
If I had more hair, I’d feel younger.
In these sentences, the time is now or the future, and the situation is unreal. They are not based on
fact, but refer to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result.
ATTENTION: For the second conditional, were replaces was:
→If I were a rich man...
4. Exercices
a. Conjugate the verbs between brackets. Sometimes you have to use a negative form. Use
modals if possible.
- Tell her if you (see) her.

- I would fly to Rome if I (have) more money.
- If I were younger, you (marry) me?
- If I lose my job, what (do)?
- If you ate less meat, you (be) in better shape.
- If she (change) her hairstyle, she would be pretty.
- If she (wear) a coat, she'll catch a cold.
- If he asked you to help him, what you (say)?
- Even if I (sleep) better, I would still be tired.
- If I buy a car, (teach/you/me) to drive?
- If I (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't make so many mistakes.
- She won't finish it on time if she (not start) right now.
- She (get angry) if you told her.
- If they (support) our product, they would get a discount.
- Even if I (ask) him, he won't come.
- If you (drive) so quickly, you wouldn't get so many fines.
- It will be a disaster if you (not/help) us.
- If you (have) something to eat, you wouldn't feel sick.
- I wouldn't risk it if I (be) you.
b. Complete the following sentences.
- If I found a wallet, I ....

- If I had a million Euros, I ...
- If I met Barack Obama,, I ...
- If I fail this year, I ...
- , I wouldn't be so afraid.
- , I will tell your parents.
- , I might give it a try.
Table of contents
1 Formation of tenses_____________________________________________________1
1.1 Present simple_____________________________________________________________1
1.2 Present continuous__________________________________________________________1
1.3 Past simple________________________________________________________________2
1.4 Past continuous____________________________________________________________2
1.5 Future simple______________________________________________________________3
1.6 Present perfect_____________________________________________________________3
1.7 Present perfect continuous___________________________________________________3
2 Irregular verbs_________________________________________________________4
3 Use of tenses___________________________________________________________6
3.1 Present simple or continuous?________________________________________________6
3.2 Will, going to and present continuous__________________________________________9
3.3 Past simple or continuous?__________________________________________________11
3.4 Present perfect simple and past simple________________________________________13
3.4.1 Unfinished actions/situations: an action that started in the past but which is still going on._______14
3.4.2 Past experience: when you don’t say, ask or know when. The stress is on the present experience._15
3.4.3 Recent past situations: when you want to insist on the present result._______________________16
3.5 Present perfect simple or continuous__________________________________________17
3.6 Revisions: mixed tenses_____________________________________________________17
4. Understanding Modals 20
4.1 An overview of modals_____________________________________________________20
4.2 A smking policy 22
4.3 Understanding modals – EXERCISES________________________________________23
5 The passive__________________________________________________________ 26
5.1 The different structures____________________________________________________26
5.2 Exercises_________________________________________________________________27
6 Interrogative sentences_________________________________________________29
7 Question-tags ( = n’est-ce pas?)__________________________________________30
8 Short answers_________________________________________________________30
9 Relative clauses_______________________________________________________32
10 Adjectives and adverbs__________________________________________________33
11 Articles______________________________________________________________33
12
Quantifiers______________________________________________________________34
13 If-clauses_____________________________________________________________35-36

B1 - 2021-2022 - BASIC - GRAMMAR - REVISION - August 2019

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B1 - 2021-2022 - BASIC - GRAMMAR - REVISION - August 2019

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Bloc 1 – Grammar revision

BASIC GRAMMAR REVISION

1.1 Present simple

1.2 Present continuous

1.3 Past simple

We ………fishing. (go) STRONG VERBS → STUDY LIST !

1.4 Past continuous

1.5 Future simple

1.6 Present perfect

1.7 Present perfect continuous

………you……………… in London for a long

Infinitive Past tense Past participle Translation

To beat beat beaten battre

To lay laid laid poser, coucher

3.1 Present simple or continuous?

 Read the grammar rules:

 Actions happening now

[Now –Today – This week....-

 Habitual actions (90%!!!)  Future arrangements

I always walk to work. What are you doing on Friday night?

+ expressions of frequency: + future time expressions:

How often ...? Tonight-This evening - tomorrow

The sun rises in the east and sets in the

!Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb but after ‘BE’.

!He is often late.

 Write questions in the present simple or continuous.

Try to use the following expressions when giving answers:

 Present simple or present continuous? Fill in the following dialogues.

1) A Where’s Karl from?

2) A What …………………. your brother ………………….? (do)

3) A I …………………. on holiday tomorrow. (go)

4) A What …………………. you …………………. tonight? (do)

- Can you come on Monday evening? - Sorry, I’d love to but…..

3.2 Will, going to and present continuous

2. The phone is ringing. 4. What are you doing tonight?

INTENTIONS GOING TO -What are you going to do when

FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS PRESENT CONTINUOUS -I’m having dinner with Ann

UNPLANNED DECISIONS WILL / WON’T + -I’ve got a problem.

PREDICTIONS WILL OR GOING TO -I think they’ll win.

 In pairs, respond to the statements. Use I’ll…, or shall I…?

It’s very hot in this room → Shall I open the window?

! Reminder: time clauses -> NO future !

I will tell you when you get back

1. Before you …………………. (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows.

1. I think she (leave) next Friday.

3.3 Past simple or continuous?

 Read the grammar rules:

 To describe an action in progress at a

 Any description in the past (clothes,

 Finished periods  A long past action is interrupted by a

 Two simultaneous actions

I was watching TV while Mary was

3.4 Present perfect simple and past simple

 The action started in the past but is

How long have you known him?

I haven’t seen him today.

I’ve travelled a lot.

(-)No, I have never been there.

 Recent past situations: when you want

I’ve broken my leg, so I can’t play

I have lost my mobile. Can I borrow

! FOR and SINCE