Professional Documents
Culture Documents
6
Shielded Metal Arc
Welding
Objectives
• Describe how and why electricity flows in an
electrical circuit and list the three variables in Ohm’s
law.
• Demonstrate your ability to correctly complete a
safety inspection on an arc welding station.
• Plan and list all the hand tools, personal safety
equipment, and clothing required for a given
welding task.
• Demonstrate your ability to select the correct
electrode, current, and polarity for welding with the
SMAW process in a given welding position.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Objectives
• Demonstrate your ability to strike a welding arc and
produce acceptable stringer and weaving beads.
• Demonstrate your ability to correctly restart the arc
and blend the new and old beads.
• Demonstrate your ability to use the SMAW process
to create acceptable welds on all five basic joints in
all positions.
• Describe all types of weld defects and demonstrate
your ability to inspect and differentiate between
acceptable and unacceptable welds.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Objectives
• Successfully pass a safety test as related to arc
welding work areas, equipment, clothing, tools, and
correct welding procedures in all positions.
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Shielded Metal Arc Welding
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Direct Current Arc Welding Fundamentals
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Direct Current Arc Welding Fundamentals
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Constant Current Power Sources
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Constant Current Power Sources
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DCEN and DCEP Fundamentals
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DCEN and DCEP Fundamentals
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DCEN and DCEP Fundamentals
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Alternating Current Arc Welding
Fundamentals
• Several types of arc welding
machines are used
– Transformer-type, as shown in
the illustration
– Inverter
– Motor- and engine-driven
generator
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Alternating Current Arc Welding
Fundamentals
• The current’s frequency
is measured in cycles
per second, or hertz
(Hz)
• The current in the
U.S.A. is 60Hz current
• In most parts of the
world, 50Hz current is
used
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Alternating Current Arc Welding
Fundamentals
• A method used to stabilize the ac arc is to increase
the ionization of the material in the arc
• Arc welding requires electrodes designed for use
with alternating current
• Welds performed with ac electrodes show good
penetration
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Selecting an Arc Welding Machine
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Selecting an Arc Welding Machine
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Selecting an Arc Welding Machine
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Inspecting an Arc Welding Station
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Inspecting an Arc Welding Station
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Safety, Protective Clothing, and Shielding
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Safety
• Helmets or handheld face shields with approved
lenses must be worn to protect eyes from arc
radiation
• Never look at an arc from any distance unless
your eyes are protected by approved filter lenses
• Wear gloves and protective clothing to shut out the
rays from the arc
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Safety, Protective Clothing, and Shielding
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Safety, Protective Clothing, and Shielding
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Safety
• Do not carry flammable materials, such as
matches or lighters, when welding
• Wear high shoes with safety toes
• Avoid using arc welding equipment in wet or damp
areas
• Perform welding in an area that is well ventilated
• Handle hot metal with tongs or pliers
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Safety
• Before beginning to weld, inspect the complete arc
welding station to make certain it is safe for use
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Arc Welding Power Source
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Arc Welding Power Source
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Selecting the Proper Electrode
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Selecting the Proper Electrode
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Selecting the Proper Electrode
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Striking the Arc
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Striking the Arc
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Running a Bead
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Running a Bead
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Running a Bead
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Running a Bead
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Restarting and Finishing a Bead
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Restarting and Finishing a Bead
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Cleaning the Bead
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DC Arc Blow
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DC Arc Blow
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Arc Welding Joint Designs
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Weld Flaws and Defects
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Weld Flaws and Defects
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SMAW Welding Techniques
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Edge Joint in Flat Welding Position
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Edge Joint in Flat Welding Position
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Lap Joints in Flat Welding Position
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Lap Joints in Flat Welding Position
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Corner and T-Joints in Flat Position
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Corner and T-Joints in Flat Position
• A T-joint is formed by
placing one piece of base
metal on the other to form
a T-shape
• This joint can be welded
from one or both sides
• Be certain to melt both
surfaces on an inside
corner joint
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Butt Joints in Flat Welding Position
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Butt Joints in Flat Welding Position
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Butt Joints in Flat Welding Position
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Butt Joints in Flat Welding Position
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Safety
• Always wear safety goggles when removing slag
and cleaning metal
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SMAW in Horizontal Position
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SMAW in Horizontal Position
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SMAW in Horizontal Position
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SMAW in Vertical Position
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SMAW in Vertical Position
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SMAW in Vertical Position
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SMAW in Overhead Position
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SMAW in Overhead Position
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Safety
• A welder’s helmet, cap, leather cape or coat, and
leather gloves should be worn when overhead
welding
• Coveralls must be buttoned at the collar
• All pockets should have closed flaps on them
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Review of Safety in SMAW
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Review of Safety in SMAW
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Safety
• Protect your eyes and face from harmful rays and
sparks by wearing an approved helmet
• The floor on which the welder stands should be
kept dry to reduce the chance of an electrical
shock
• Never use homemade or unapproved transformer
equipment, which may be dangerous
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.