HUMAN

BIOCULTURAL
EVOLUTION
UNIT V
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND
POLITICS
MR. JOSEPH TOLENTINO – MANOOK
 CULTURAL
EVOLUTION
• It refers to the changes or
development in culture from a simple
form to a more complex form of
human culture.
• Scientists study the cultural
evolution of human by analyzing the
changes in the latter’s way of life.
• Material
• Non-material
 BIOLOGICAL
EVOLUTION
• It refers to the changes ,
modifications and variations
in the genetics and inherited
traits of biological
populations from one
generation to another.
• Scientists study the
changes in the physical body
of human, the changes in the
shape and size of their bones.
• Evolution of Man
Different Theories and
Concepts about the
Evolution of Man

Mythological
Concepts
• Part of culture
• To answer the questions of
people about the evolution
of different things
• Imaginative and creative
stories
• Passes through generations
Different Theories and
Concepts about the
Evolution of Man

Biblical Concepts
• God created Adam and
Eve on the sixth day of
creation
• Genesis
• Assigned man to
manage the world
 Different
Theories and Scientific Concepts:
• Natural Selection
Concepts
• Overproduction
about the • Inheritance
Evolution of • Variation
Man
NATURAL SELECTION
THEORY
UNIT V
UCSP
 NATURAL
SELECTION
THEORY
• Evolution of man
• Occurrence of
evolution
• The outcome processes
that the frequencies of
traits in a particular
environment. Traits that
enhance survival and
reproductive success
increase in frequency
over time.
PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL UNIT V

SELECTION UCSP
 PRINCIPLES OF
NATURAL SELECTION
VARIATIONS
• Every species is made up of a variety of
individuals wherein some are adopted to
their environments compared to others.
HEREDITABILITY
• Organisms produce progeny with different
sets of traits that can be inherited.
DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
• Organisms that have traits most suitable to
their environment will survive and transfers
these variations to their offspring subsequent
generations.
EVOLUTION OF MAN
UNIT V
UCSP
 HOMINIDS
• The general term used to categorize the
group of early humans and human-like
creatures that can walk erect during the
prehistoric period.
• Lived before the existence of the new
image of man.
• Ramapithecus (Africa)
• 14-12 million years
• Sahelanthropus Tchandesis (Tau Mai-
“Hope of Life”)
• 6-7 million years
 RAMAPITHECUS
• An extinct primate (member of the major
group of mammals that includes humans,
apes, and others), Ramapithecus is known
only from a few fossil fragments that have
been dated to about 14 million years ago.
• Until the early 1980s, many
anthropologists believed Ramapithecus to be
an early direct ancestor of humans. Now it is
believed to be a direct ancestor of the modern
orangutan.
• The first Ramapithecus fossils—fragments
of an upper jaw and some teeth—were
discovered in 1932 in the Siwalik hills of
northern India.
 SAHELANTHROPUS
TCHANDESIS

• 6-7 million years ago.

• it had both apelike and
humanlike characteristics.
• A skull similar to
Australopithecus and modern
human.
• Height almost similar with the
chimpanzee
• Brain size: 320-380 cc
• Small teeth
• Had the ability to walk upright.
ARDIPITHECHUS
• ape on the ground
• 5.6 million years ago.
• Height about 4 feet
• Weight about 120 pounds
• Skull size similar to an ape
• Small brain
• Bipedal
• lived in jungles and forest
like chimpanzees
 AUSTRALOPITHECUS
• Australis- South
• Pithecus- Gorilla
• “The Southern Ape”
• 4 million years ago
• Large teeth, small brains, long arms, short
legs, bipedal.
• Brain size: 500 cc or 1/3 size of the
modern human brain.
• Tools user not tool makers
• Food scavengers
 HOMO HABILIS
• ”Skillful Man”
• 2.3-1,4 million years ago
(Pleistocene Period)
• Brain size: 700 cc
• Uses hands and tools in order to
get food.
• Scratching and Sharpening
• Zijanthropus (East Africa Man)
• Lake Turkana Man (Kenya)
 HOMO ERECTUS
• Straight Man
• 2.3-1,4 million years ago.
• Can stand and walk straight
• Uses fire tools made of stones
• Hunting, Fishing, Searching for
Food
• Java Man- Pithecanthropus Erectus
(Indonesia)
• Peking Man- Sinanthropus
Pekinensis (China)
 HOMO SAPIENS
• Wise Man
• Large brains, small teeth, can walk and stand
straight
• Creates tools , simple culture and established
system of living
• Neanderthal Man
• Cro-Magnon Man
• Tabon Man
• Carnivores
• Hunter
• they lived in a group and hunted and gathered
food
 HOMO SAPIENS
SAPIENS
• “Wise Man”
• ”Modern day man”
• Brain sized reduced to 1300 cc
• reduction in the size of the jaw,
rounding the skull and chin
• skillful hands
• Developed the power of thinking,
producing art and more
sophisticated tools and sentiments.