Name: Ang, Romar Cristian F.

Date: September 5, 2022

Hsu, Kennet Alexis S. Subject: Immuno Lab 1
Course, year and section: BS BIO IV-B
Activity No. 3
TOTAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT
Answer the following questions:
1. Why do you need to dilute blood before counting the WBCs?
The purpose of diluting the blood with a solution (3% acetic acid solution) is that
the diluent causes lysis to the RBCs and leaves the WBCs only. Because acetic acid has,
no effect on the WBCs. Gentian violet is added to differentiate the WBCs.

2. What is a hemocytometer?
Hemocytometer is a type of glass microscopic slide with a rectangular indention
that creates a volume chamber the blood and diluent solution suspends to view under the
microscope for Total Leukocyte Count (TLC).

3. What are examples of White blood cell disorders? Explain.

 Neutropenia – reduced blood neutrophil levels are the cause of neutropenia.
Neutropenia can have a variety of causes. Some of the causes include viral
infection, chemotherapy side effects, and other medications. Autoimmune
neutropenia is a type of neutropenia that can be brought on by inadequate bone
marrow production of neutrophils or by the eradication of neutrophils in
circulation.
 Lymphocytopenia – this disease is brought on by a decrease in the blood's
lymphocyte count. Some of the disease's causes include chronic infections,
chemotherapy, or other conditions related to the blood. The course of action is
determined by the underlying reason.
 Leukemia – also known as blood cancer, is brought on by the unchecked and
aberrant growth of immature leukocytes. Undeveloped white blood cells are
abundantly produced in the bone marrow. An increase in lymphocytes is the cause
of lymphocytic leukemia.
  HIV/AIDs – the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the primary cause of
the fatal disease known as AIDS (HIV). AIDS refers to this infection's advanced
state (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The white blood cells that control
the immune system are attacked by this virus and destroyed. As a result, an
infected person's immune system deteriorates dramatically.

4. Explain how our immune system responds to COVID-19

Similar to other pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, our body
responds to eliminate these pathogens through an either innate or adaptive immune
response. However, COVID-19 is a new type of virus that attacks the pulmonary system
of the body that further affects the other organs due to loss of homeostatic balance.
Moreover, the body is incapable of fighting the COVID-19 virus because the system
lacks the antibodies and no record of this invading pathogen causing the body to be
affected. On the other hand, when the person gets vaccinated, the body is capable now to
fight against COVID-19 through an adaptive immune response where the lymphocytes
can now generate antibodies to fight against this virus.