Philosophy of the Arts Review Session:

1. Don’t memorize philosophers name

2. Nesecarry and sufficient conditions: bachelor: unmarried men of marital status: each
condition is necessary- together they are sufficiently set
3. Suffienct: if you have this thing than you have this other thing
4. Be familiar with the bachelor example!!!!
5. Define art :
***art as representation—art is anything that represents something(landscape
painting) (music is an imitative voice) problem: photography—cameras can do what
artists could do but much better

*** art as form- influenced by post…..bell’s theory significant form and asthetic emotion:
everything has form but not everything has significant form that thing that causes
aesthetic feeling what is aesthetic feeling: anything with significant form…..problem:
basically says that there is no bad art….for example a kindergarden painting is not art
technically under this situation it will simply be defined as not art which is incorrect

***art as a expression/mental activity: what really is art is the thing in your mind
problem: all the paintings in an art muesem would be considered non art… Collingwood
wanted to come up with a theory to .seperating art from craft------know for test……not
an end to which there are means (no end goal and no particular way to go on to create
that art just needs to do what he needs to, to express himself

***art as function/functionalism: aesthetic experience: getting lost in the music your

listening to ….completely focusing on the art itself and excluding any outside noise….. art
performs function by giving aesthetic experience…..asthetic interes: is the interest of
getting an asthetic experience
Experienced/interests/objects (don’t focus on who had a particular idea)

6. Not defining art:

Bachelor( think of a closed concept- there are 3 necessary conditions)

---Moris white says that art is an open concept (like the game example)—family
resemblances—problem: ur going to have to let in all urinals to an art gallery because
since they resemble fountain than they are art

7. Institutional theory- artworld decides what is art Problem: no such thing as private art
because if you make art at work and don’t plan on showing art to anyone of the art
world than it would be considered as non art--- when indeed it is art….art world---
people who study art, who know about art, artists, critics, anyone who takes an interest
in art
8. Historical views on trying to define art---two philosophers Levinson and Stecker!!!! Know
historical views

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 Levinson- you know its art if you can intend you audience to be art/// sculpture problem:
where do we stop: ur arts-something from the past before it was known to be art (story
telling-something earlier than art)

Stecker- not so much about intention but it is about function----something is art at a given
time and in a central artform (PAGE 41 and notes) if it achieves an aesthetic function------
stecker historical functionalism-------(suppose to be suficent conditions)

Art has to be man made/ intention made---- so nature is not art even though it might be
beautiful

Chapter 2

1. Interpretation- what does a work mean, what is it about?

2. Critical monism—one correct interpretation (intuitions…we discuss interpretations but
there is only one correct) and critical pluralism—there are many interpretations that are
reasonable and plausible ----------BOTH ONLY SAY IF ITS CORRECT OR IF THERE ARE MANY
CORRECT
3. Anti-Intentionalism- look at new critisim ///99.9% ONLY ONE ON TEST—WHEN WE ARE
LOOKING AT AN ARTWORK WE ONLY LOOK AT WHAT THE ARTWORK HAS
4. Intentionalsims
5. Hypothetical intentionalism- most of the time it is difficult to actually see what the
author was intending so we need to come up with a hypothetical intention----utters and
utterens meaning and words equence meaning------what determines literally meaning

*********Word sequence- what the words in the works means by the language in which the
virtue operates…….(fails: because sometimes the computer cant be interpreted) (“I went to the
store” means literally that I went to the store)

********Utter’s meaning: trying to see what the author truly intended in their mind (“I went to
the store, probably means I went to buy cigarrets) fails: because then what the point of having
the words whats the point of having poems

********Utterance- appropriate audience

Levinson agrees with Utterance ( I couldn’t hear////check book) meaning is correct he thinks
the other two are flawed

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 DON’T look at STRUCTIONALISM/POST probably wont be on exam
6. Patch work theory—instead of it being global it should be a local theory….

KNOW MORRIS WHITE------the open concept(game)

Conversation model----- you want to engage in artwork like engaging with an actual human (like
receving an letter in the mail try to see what they are sayin))) INTENTIONALIST THEORY!!!!!!

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