ORA - Prelim Exam

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What manual film development steps are omitted from automatic film processing?
A. wetting C. stop bath
B. fixing D. both stop bath and wetting
____ 2. The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their _____.
A. atomic numbers C. atomic mass units
B. isotopes D. shells
____ 3. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays while experimenting with the _____.
A. Crookes tube C. Snook transformer
B. rotating anode D. Coolidge tube
____ 4. _____ is a special quantity of radiologic science.
A. Momentum C. Radioactivity
B. Velocity D. Mass
____ 5. Rutherford’s experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of _____.
A. electrified plum pudding C. electrons with well-defined orbits
B. a ball of hooks and eyes D. a nucleus with an electron cloud
____ 6. Ice and steam are examples of two forms of _____.
A. energy C. radiation
B. matter D. work
____ 7. The processing preservative is _____.
A. sodium carbonate C. sodium sulfite
B. glutaraldehyde D. ammonium thiosulfate
____ 8. Acetic acid is used to _____.
A. help swell the gelatin C. reduce the silver halide crystals
B. halt the developing process D. maintain the chemical balance
____ 9. What is the base SI unit for mass?
A. centigram C. meter
B. kilogram D. pound
____ 10. Filtration is used to _____.
A. fabricate gonadal shields C. remove high-energy x-rays
B. restrict the useful beam to the body D. absorb low-energy x-rays
part imaged
____ 11. Replenishment of fixer and developer are controlled by the _____.
A. guide shoes C. microswitch
B. entrance rollers D. master roller
____ 12. When an atom has the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons, it is
called an _____.
A. isotope C. isobar
B. isomer D. isotone
____ 13. Ionizing radiation is capable of removing _____ from atoms as it passes through the matter.
A. neutrons C. ions
B. electrons D. protons
____ 14. The study of objects at rest and in motion is the branch of physics called _____.
A. Newtonian C. nuclear
B. mechanics D. radiation
____ 15. What is the name of the positioning in which the body is turned 90 degrees from a true AP or PA?
A. recumbent C. lateral
 B. oblique D. true AP/PA

____ 16. Extended processing time is used with single emulsion mammography film because it causes _____.
A. reduced costs C. reduction of patient dose
B. improved contrast and reduction of patient D. improved contrast
dose
____ 17. What does ALARA mean?
A. Always Leave A Restricted Area C. All Level Alert Radiation Accident
B. As Low As Regulations Allow D. As Low As Reasonably Achievable
____ 18. What is in the second tank in an automatic processor?
A. restrainer C. reducing agent
B. fixing agent D. blower
____ 19. The speed of film transport is controlled by the _____.
A. turnaround assembly and microswitch C. transport rollers and master roller
B. drive motor and gears D. crossover rack and planetary rollers
____ 20. The energy of x-rays is _____.
A. electromagnetic C. potential
B. kinetic D. thermal
____ 21. An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of _____.
A. positive C. one
B. zero D. negative
____ 22. The chemical element is determined by the number of _____ in the atom.
A. neutrons C. electrons
B. nucleons D. protons
____ 23. The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n) _____.
A. neutron C. proton
B. electron D. atom
____ 24. What is one primary causes for repeat radiographs?
A. not applying the ALARA principle C. distortion caused by SID
B. poor communication between technologist D. wrong IR selection
and patient
____ 25. The rollers in the automatic processor are part of the _____ system.
A. transport C. replenishment
B. circulation D. electrical
____ 26. Eastman Kodak introduced 90 second automatic processing in _____.
A. 1980 C. 1925
B. 1965 D. 1942
____ 27. What is the removal of an electron from an atom called?
A. irradiation C. electricity
B. pair production D. ionization
____ 28. The observation that early radiologists were developing radiation-related illnesses led to the use of
_____.
A. Potter-Bucky grids C. safety film
B. Snook transformers D. lead gloves and aprons
____ 29. The mass of 1000 cm3 of water at 4° C is equal to a _____.
A. kilowatt C. sievert
B. gram D. kilogram
____ 30. A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined orbits is the
_____ model of the atom.
A. Thomson C. Dalton
B. Rutherford D. Bohr
____ 31. The basic quantities measured in mechanics are _____, _____, and _____.
A. meters, kilos, seconds C. radioactivity, dose, exposure
B. volume, length, meters D. mass, length, time
____ 32. Damp film coming out of the dryer is often caused by _____.
A. hypo retention C. low water temperature
B. excessive replenishment rates D. depleted glutaraldehyde
____ 33. In the United States, we are exposed to _____ of ionizing radiation from the natural environment.
A. 5-20 mR/year C. 100-300 mR/year
B. 0-5 mR/year D. 20-90 mR/year
____ 34. Computed tomography was developed in the _____.
A. 1890s C. 1920s
B. 1990s D. 1970s
____ 35. Energy is measured in _____.
A. kilograms C. joules
B. joules or electron volts D. electron volts
____ 36. _____ is the kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules.
A. Heat C. Power
B. Force D. Gravity
____ 37. What are the fundamental particles of an atom?
A. proton, electron, neutron C. proton, neutron, quark
B. quark, positron, negatron D. nucleon, electron, proton
____ 38. The _____ is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation.
A. beta particle C. gamma ray
B. x-ray D. alpha particle
____ 39. Manual processing of radiographs took about _____.
A. 8 hours C. 10 minutes
B. 60 minutes D. 3 hours
____ 40. Momentum is the product of the _____.
A. power of an object and its speed. C. height of an object and its force
B. weight of an object and its velocity D. mass of an object and its velocity
____ 41. Daylight processing has the advantage of significant reduction in _____.
A. processing time C. patient dose
B. processing chemicals D. film use
____ 42. When atoms of various elements combine, they form _____.
A. isotopes C. ions
B. molecules D. compounds
____ 43. The only difference between x-rays and gamma rays is their _____.
A. origin C. name
B. energy D. size
____ 44. The thermostat must maintain the temperature in the developing tank at about _____.
A. 22° F C. 95° F
B. 110° F D. 68° F
____ 45. Momentum is a _____ quantity.
A. base C. derived
B. none of the above D. special
____ 46. Two identical atoms which exist at different energy states are called _____.
A. isobars C. isotones
B. isotopes D. isomers
____ 47. Newton’s second law is written mathematically as _____.
A. F = ma C. F = m/a
B. F = m – a D. F = a/m
____ 48. An x-ray tube cools primarily through the process of _____.
A. conduction C. radiation
B. convection D. conversion
____ 49. What is the standard unit of mass?
A. centimeter C. kilogram
B. meter D. pound
____ 50. The reducing agent that is responsible for the gray tones in the film is _____.
A. hydroquinone C. glutaraldehyde
B. ammonium thiosulfate D. phenidone
____ 51. The shell number of an atom is called the _____.
A. principal quantum number C. chemical element
B. alpha particle D. half-life number
____ 52. The positioning term that describes the general ad specific body position is:
A. view C. position
B. projection D. method
____ 53. A neutral atom has the same number of _____ and electrons.
A. neutrinos C. quarks
B. neutrons D. protons
____ 54. The atomic number of an element is symbolized by the letter _____.
A. A C. n
B. X D. Z
____ 55. The biggest source of man-made ionizing radiation exposure to the public is _____.
A. atomic fallout C. smoke detectors
B. nuclear power plants D. diagnostic x-rays
____ 56. The term “atom” was first used by the _____.
A. Greeks C. Ethiopians
B. Romans D. British
____ 57. An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is a(n) _____.
A. ion C. isomer
B. molecule D. isotope
____ 58. Which of the following factors best controls involuntary cardiac motion artifacts?
A. high kV technique C. practicing w/ patient when to hold breath
B. careful instructions given to the patient D. shortening the exposure time
____ 59. Film can turn brown during storage due to retention of _____.
A. hydroquinone C. sodium sulfite
B. phenidone D. ammonium thiosulfate
____ 60. Today, radiology is considered to be a(n) _____ occupation.
A. unsafe C. high-risk
B. dangerous D. safe
____ 61. The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula
_____.
A. 2/n C. 2/n2
B. 2n D. 2n2
____ 62. A specific projection of the foot in which the CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface os
termed as:
A. trangential foot C. axioplantar
B. plantodorsal D. dorsopantar
____ 63. In the United States, the first fatality from x-ray exposure was reported in _____.
A. 1896 C. 1945
B. 1776 D. 1904
____ 64. The periodic table of the elements was developed by _____ in the late 19th century.
A. Bohr C. Mendeleev
 B. Rutherford D. Roentgen
____ 65. The unit for work is the _____.
A. kilowatt C. pound
B. joule D. Newton
____ 66. The amount of blackness on a process radiograph is called:
A. mAs C. contrast
B. density D. penumbra
____ 67. The processor must have a fine filter in place to trap bits of emulsion in _____.
A. the blower C. the developer tank
B. the fixer tank D. the wash tank
____ 68. The technique of localizing body and soft tissue of radiographic landmark is termed as:
A. palpation C. localization
B. palpitation D. location
____ 69. The undeveloped silver is removed from the emulsion during _____.
A. developing C. fixing
B. x-ray exposure D. rinsing
____ 70. The temperature of the _____ is the most critical in processing film.
A. developer solution C. wash water
B. fixer solution D. dryer system
____ 71. What are the reducing agents in the developer?
A. ammonium thiosulfate and acetic acid C. phenidone and hydroquinone
B. sodium carbonate and potassium D. sodium sulfite and glutaraldehyde
bromide
____ 72. Atoms and molecules are the fundamental building blocks of _____.
A. energy C. radiation
B. matter D. gravity
____ 73. One of the biggest causes of processor problems is the depletion of _____.
A. phenidone C. sodium sulfite
B. glutaraldehyde D. water
____ 74. The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was _____.
A. John Dalton C. Dmitri Mendeleev
B. Niels Bohr D. J. J. Thomson
____ 75. What is the formula for kinetic energy?
A. C. KE = 2 m/v2
KE = m/v
B. D. KE = mv2
KE = mv 2

____ 76. Aluminum has an atomic number of 13. How many protons does it have?
A. 27 C. 31
B. 26 D. 13
____ 77. Thermal radiation is the transfer of heat through the emission of _____.
A. high-speed electrons C. infrared radiation
B. vibrating molecules D. hot steam
____ 78. Preservative is found in _____.
A. the fixing solution C. the developer solution
B. the rinse tank D. developer and fixing solution
____ 79. The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter _____.
A. K C. J
B. M D. L
____ 80. Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of _____ energy.
A. thermal C. electrical
B. electromagnetic D. nuclear
____ 81. The formula E=mc2 is the basis for the theory that led to the development of _____.
A. electromagnetic radiation C. cathode ray tubes
B. nuclear power D. x-rays
____ 82. The velocity of light is written as _____.
A. c = 8 ´ 108 m/s C. c = 108 m/s
B. c = 3 ´ 108 m/s D. c = 3 ´ 10 m/s
____ 83. What are the three cardinal principles for radiation protection?
A. mAs, kVp and distance C. ALARA, 15% rule and inverse square law
B. shielding, filtration and collimation D. time, distance and shielding
____ 84. Matter is measured in _____.
A. joules C. electron volts
B. kilograms D. rems
____ 85. An example of a derived quantity in mechanical physics is a _____.
A. meter C. second
B. dose D. volume

____ 86. The _____ is the aspect of an x-ray beam that has the lease divergence (unless there is angulation).
A. distortion C. anode heel effect
B. central ray D. axial projection
____ 87. The direction or path of the central ray of the x-ray beam defines the positioning term:
A. view C. method
B. projection D. position
____ 88. What is the equation for velocity?
A. t = d/v C. v = d/t
B. d = t/v D. v = d ´ t
____ 89. A chemical compound is any quantity of _____.
A. one type of atom C. two types of molecules
B. one type of molecule D. two or more types of atoms
____ 90. The special unit used to measure exposure dose is the _____.
A. C/kg C. J/kg
B. s-1 D. SID
____ 91. A moving object has _____ energy.
A. nuclear C. kinetic
B. electromagnetic D. potential
____ 92. Which system of units uses the foot, the pound, and the second?
A. MKS C. British
B. SI D. CGS
____ 93. What is the formula for work?
A. W = Fd C. W = d/f
B. W = f/d D. W = d  f
____ 94. _____ is put in the developer solution to harden the film and control emulsion swelling.
A. Sodium sulfite C. Potassium bromide
B. Glutaraldehyde D. Phenidone
____ 95. During Beta emission, an atom releases _____.
A. neutrons C. electrons
B. protons D. positrons
____ 96. Developer is replenished at the rate of _____ per 14 inches of film.
A. 100-110 ml C. 60-70 ml
B. 10-20 ml D. 200-300 ml
____ 97. The atomic number of molybdenum is 42 and the atomic mass number is 98. How many neutrons
does it have?
A. 42 C. 21
B. 98 D. 56
____ 98. Roentgen discovered x-rays by noticing the fluorescent glow of _____ during one of his experiments
with a cathode ray tube.
A. calcium tungstate C. black cardboard
B. cellulose nitrate D. barium platinocyanide
____ 99. An important development that led to 90 second processing was _____.
A. polyester film base C. cellulose nitrate film base
B. film hangers D. digital processing
____ 100. Automatic processing reduces development time to _____.
A. 2 minutes C. 22 seconds
B. 7 seconds D. 6 minutes

“Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you
haven’t planted.” ― David Bly, American politician
ORA - Prelim Exam
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: D
2. ANS: D
3. ANS: A
4. ANS: C
5. ANS: A
6. ANS: B
7. ANS: C
8. ANS: B
9. ANS: B
10. ANS: D
11. ANS: C
12. ANS: A
13. ANS: B
14. ANS: B
15. ANS: C
16. ANS: B
17. ANS: D
18. ANS: B
19. ANS: B
20. ANS: A
21. ANS: B
22. ANS: D
23. ANS: D
24. ANS: B
25. ANS: A
26. ANS: B
27. ANS: D
28. ANS: D
29. ANS: D
30. ANS: D
31. ANS: D
32. ANS: D
33. ANS: D
34. ANS: D
35. ANS: B
36. ANS: A
37. ANS: A
38. ANS: D
39. ANS: B
40. ANS: D
41. ANS: A
42. ANS: B
43. ANS: A
44. ANS: C
45. ANS: C
46. ANS: D
47. ANS: A
48. ANS: C
 49. ANS: C
50. ANS: D
51. ANS: A
52. ANS: C
53. ANS: D
54. ANS: D
55. ANS: D
56. ANS: A
57. ANS: A
58. ANS: D
59. ANS: D
60. ANS: D
61. ANS: D
62. ANS: D
63. ANS: D
64. ANS: C
65. ANS: B
66. ANS: B
67. ANS: C
68. ANS: A
69. ANS: C
70. ANS: A
71. ANS: C
72. ANS: B
73. ANS: D
74. ANS: A
75. ANS: B
76. ANS: D
77. ANS: C
78. ANS: D
79. ANS: A
80. ANS: B
81. ANS: B
82. ANS: B
83. ANS: D
84. ANS: B
85. ANS: D
86. ANS: B
87. ANS: B
88. ANS: C
89. ANS: B
90. ANS: A
91. ANS: C
92. ANS: C
93. ANS: A
94. ANS: B
95. ANS: C
96. ANS: D
97. ANS: D
98. ANS: D
99. ANS: A
100. ANS: C