Answer all the questions:

1.What will be the molarity of a solution, which contains 5.85 g of NaCl(s) per
500 mL?

(a) 4 mol L-1 (b) 20 mol L-1 (c) 0.2 mol L-1 (d) 2 mol L -1

2. If 500 mL of a 5 M solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what will be the molarity of

the solution obtained?
(a) 1.5 M (b) 1.6 M (c) 0.017 M (d) 1.59 M

3. Which of the following elements contains the greatest number of atoms?

(a) 4gHe (b) 46gNa (c) 0.40 gCa (d) 12 g He.
4.If the concentration of glucose (C6H1206) in blood is 0.9 g L-1, what will be the
molarity of glucose in blood?
(a) 5 M (b) 50 M (c) 0.005 M. (d) 0.5 M
5. Which of the following conclusions could not be derived from Rutherford’s α-
particle scattering experiment?
(a) Most of the space in the atom is empty
(b) The radius of the atom is about 10 -10 m while that of nucleus is 10 -15
(c) Electrons move in a circular path of fixed energy called orbits.
(d) Electrons and the nucleus are held together by electrostatic forces of
attraction
6. Two atoms are said to be isobars if
(a) they have same atomic number but different mass number
(b) they have same number of electrons but different number of neutrons
(c) they are same number of neutrons but different number of electrons
(d) Sum of the number of protons and neutrons is same but the number of
protons is different.
7. The number of radial nodes for 3p orbital is .
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1.
8. Total number of orbitals associated with third shell will be _______.
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 3
9. Which of the following is not an actinoid?
(a) Curium (Z = 96) (b)Californium (Z = 98)
(c) Uranium (Z = 92) (d) Terbium (Z = 65)
10. The order of screening effect of electrons of s, p, d and/orbitals of a given
shell of an atom on its outer shell electrons is
(a) s>p> d>f (b) f> d> p> s
(c) p < d < s <f (d) f> p> s> d
11. The first ionization enthalpies of Na, Mg, A1 and Si are in the order
(a) Na < Mg > A1 < Si. (b) Na>Mg>Al>Si
(c) Na < Mg < A1 < Si (d) Na > Mg > A1 < Si
12. Among halogens, the correct order of amount of energy released in electron
gain (electron gain enthalpy) is
(a) F > Cl > Br > I (b) F < Cl < Br < I
(c) F < Cl > Br > I (d) F < Cl < Br > I
13. In which of the following, functional group isomerism is not possible?
(a) Alcohols (b) Aldehydes (c) Alkyl halides (d) Cyanides
14. The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam volatile
organic compounds called essential oils. These are generally insoluble in water at
room temperature but are miscible with water vapour in vapour phase. A suitable
method for the extraction of these oils from the flowers is
(a) distillation (b) crystallisation
(c) distillation under reduced pressure (d) steam distillation
Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b)Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A

c)A is true but R is false d)A is false but R is True

15.Assertion: Non-benzenoid compound is a classification as the alicyclic

compound.
Reason: Aniline is a benzenoid compound.
16.Assertion: H2C=CH2 is a condensed structural formula.
Reason: Condensed structural formula is represented by omitting some or all of
the dashes representing covalent bonds.
Answer all the questions:
17.Explain how is the electronegativity of carbon atoms related to their state of
hybridisation in an organic compound?
18. Write structures of various carbocation that can be obtained from 2-methyl
butane. Arrange these carbocations in the order of increasing stability.
19. Calculate the mass percent of calcium, phosphorus and oxygen in calcium
phosphate Ca3(PO4)
20. The electronic configuration of the valence shell of Cu is 3d10 4s1 and not
3d94s2. How is this configuration explained?
21. Explain why the electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less negative than that
of chlorine.

Answer all the questions:

22. Nitrogen has positive electron gain enthalpy whereas oxygen has negative.
However, oxygen has lower ionization enthalpy than nitrogen explain.

23.(i)Explain the deviation in ionization enthalpy of some elements from the

general trend by using the given figure.

ii) Electronegativity of elements increases on moving from left to right in the

periodic table.Give reasons.
24. Find the empirical formula and the molecular formula of an organic compound
from the data given below: C=75.92%, H=6.32% and N=17.76%.The vapour density
of the compound is 39.5.

25. An atomic orbital has n = 3. What are the possible values of l and ml ?
(ii) List the quantum numbers ml and l of electron in 3rd orbital.
(iii) Which of the following orbitals are possible ?1p, 2s, 2p and 3f.

26.If the velocity of the electron in Bohr’s first orbit is 2.19 x106 m s-1,calculate
the

de Brogile wavelength associated with it.

27. Give the structure for the following compound

(i) 3 – ethyl – 2 methyl – 1 – pentene
(ii) 1, 3, 5 – Trimethyl cyclohex – 1 – ene
(iii) tetry butyl iodide
(iv) 3 – Chlorobutanal
(V) 3 – Chlorobutanol
(vi) 2 – Chloro – 2 – methyl propane

28.i)Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for
testing halogens ?
ii)Explain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium
for testing nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.

Case study questions

29.Homologous Series: A group or a series of organic compounds each

containing a characteristic functional group forms a homologous series and the
members of the series are called homologues. The members of a homologous
series can be represented by general molecular formula and the successive
members differ from each other in molecular formula by a –CH2 unit. There are
a number of homologous series of organic compounds. Some of these are
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, alkanols, alkanals, alkanones, alkanoic
acids, amines etc. It is also possible that a compound contains two or more
identical or different functional groups. This gives rise to polyfunctional
compounds.
A systematic name of an organic compound is generally derived by identifying
the parent hydrocarbon and the functional group(s) attached to iBy further using
prefixes and suffixes, the parent name can be modified to obtain the actual name.
Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only are called hydrocarbon.
Answer the followng questions:
1)In homologous series, the successive members differ from each other in
molecular formula by a … unit.
a) CH3 b) CH2 c) CH d) CH4
2) A hydrocarbon is termed saturated if it contains only carbon-carbon … bonds.
a) Triple b) Double c) Single d) Zero
3) From ….., where the prefixes are derived from… trivial names.
a) CH4 to C2H6 b) CH4 to C3H8 c) CH4 to C6H14 d) CH4 to
C4H10
4) Molecular formula of octane is …
a) C4H10 b) C6H14 c) C2H6 d) C8H18
30. The s-Block Elements The elements of Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2
(alkaline earth metals) which have ns1and ns2 outermost electronic configuration
belong to the s-Block Elements. They are all reactive metals with low ionization
enthalpies. They lose the outermost electron(s) readily to form 1+ ion (in the case
of alkali metals) or 2+ ion (in the case of alkaline earth metals). The metallic
character and the reactivity increase as we go down the group. Because of high
reactivity they are never found pure in nature. The compounds of the s-block
elements, with the exception of those of lithium and beryllium are predominantly
ionic. The p-Block Elements comprise those belonging to Group 13 to 18 and
these together with the s-Block Elements are called the Representative Elements
or Main Group Elements. The outermost electronic configuration varies from
ns2np1 to ns2np6 in each period. At the end of each period is a noble gas element
with a closed valence shell ns2np6 configuration. All the orbitals in the valence
shell of the noble gases are completely filled by electrons and it is very difficult
to alter this stable arrangement by the addition or removal of electrons. The noble
gases thus exhibit very low chemical reactivity. Preceding the noble gas family
are two chemically important groups of non-metals. They are the halogens
(Group 17) and the chalcogens (Group 16).The non-metallic character increases
as we move from left to right across a period and metallic character increases as
we go down the group. These are the elements of Group 3 to 12 in the centre of
the Periodic Table. These are characterised by the filling of inner d orbitals by
electrons and are therefore referred to as d-Block Elements. These elements have
the general outer electronic configuration (n-1)d1-10ns0-2 .The two rows of
elements at the bottom of the Periodic Table, called the Lanthanoids, Ce(Z = 58)
– Lu(Z = 71) and Actinoids, Th(Z = 90) – Lr (Z = 103) are characterised by the
outer electronic configuration (n-2)f 1-14 (n-1)d 0–1ns2 . The last electron added
to each element is filled in f- orbital. These two series of elements are hence
called the Inner- Transition Elements (f-Block Elements). They are all metals.
Within each series, the properties of the elements are quite similar. The chemistry
of the early actinoids is more complicated than the corresponding lanthanoids,
due to the large number of oxidation states possible for these actinoid elements.
Actinoid elements are radioactive. The elements after uranium are called
Transuranium Elements.
1) Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal belongs to ..
a) S – block b) P – block c) D – block d) F – block
2) The metallic character and the reactivity … as we go down the group.
a) Decreases b) Increases c) Remains Constant d) None of Above
3) Group … Elements known as chalcogens.
a) 12 b) 14 c) 16 d) 18
4) Elements Ce(Z = 58) to Lu(Z = 71) are known as ..
a) Halogens b) Chalcogens c) Actinoids d)
Lanthenoids
Answer all the questions:
31.i)Explain hyperconjugation effect. How does hyperconjugation effect explain
the stability ofalkenes?
ii) Explain why (CH3)3C+ is more stable than CH3C+H2.
iii)Why is Lassaigne’s extract prepared in distilled water? Can we detect oxygen
in a compound by Lassaigne’s test?
32. (i) Among the second period elements, the actual ionization enthalpies are in
the order: Li <B< Be <C<0<KI<F< Ne.Be has higher ∆iH1than B.Explain why?
ii)Cations are smaller and anions larger in radii than their parent atoms?Give
reason.
iii) Would you expect the second electron gain enthalpy of O as positive, more
negative or less negative than the first? Justify your answer.
iv) What is screening or shielding effect? How does it influence the ionization
enthalpy ?
33. State and explain the following:
(i) Aufbau principle
(ii) Pauli exclusion principle.
(iii) Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason

(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b)Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A

c)A is true but R is false d)A is false but R is True
1.Assertion: Cyclic compound is classified as a carbocyclic and heterocyclic
compound.
Reason:Thiophene is a homocyclic compound.
2.Assertion (A):The empirical mass of ethene is half of its molecular mass.
Reason (R):The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of
various atoms present in a compound.
3.What is the mass per cent of carbon in carbon dioxide?
(a) 0.034% (b) 27.27% (c) 3.4% (d) 28.7%
4.The empirical formula and molecular mass of a compound are CH2O and 180g
respectively. What will be the molecular formula of the compound?
(a) C9H1809 (b) CH2O(c) C6H12O6 (d) C2H4O2
5.Which of the following reactions is not correct according to the law of
conservation of mass?
(a) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) →2MgO(s)
(b) C3H8(g) + O2(g) →CO2(g) + H2O(g)
(c) P4(s) + 5O2(g) →P4O10(s)
(d) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
6.An organic compound contains carbon , hydrogen and oxygen. Its elemental
analysis gave C, 38.71% and H, 9.67%. The empirical formula of the compound
would be
(a) CHO (b) CH4O (c) CH3O (d) CH2O
7.Increasing order of electro negativity is
(a) Bi < P < S < Cl. (b) P < Bi < S < Cl
(c) S < Bi < P < Cl (d) Cl < S < Bi < P
8.Which of the following pairs has both members from thesame period of the
periodic table.
(a) Na – Ca (b) Na – Cl. (c) Ca – Cl (d) Cl – Br
9.The chemistry of lithium is very similar to that of magnesium even though they
are placed in different groups. Its reason is:
(a) Both are found together in nature
(b) Both have nearly the same size
(c) Both have similar electronic configuration
(d) The ratio of their charge and size (i.e. charge density)is nearly the same.
10.The chemistry of lithium is very similar to that of magnesium even though
they are placed in different groups. Its reason is:
(a) Both are found together in nature
(b) Both have nearly the same size
(c) Both have similar electronic configuration
(d) The ratio of their charge and size (i.e. charge density) is nearly the same
11.Isotopes of an element have ————–
(a) Different chemical and physical properties
(b) Similar chemical and physical properties
(c) Similar chemical but different physical properties.
(d) Similar physical but different chemical properties
12. Which of the following pairs represents isobars?
(a) 3He2 and 4He2 (b) 24Mg12 and 25Mg12
(c) 40K19 and 40Ca20. (d) 40K19 and 39K19
13. Principal, Azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers are respectively related
to:
(a) Size, shape and orientation. (b) Shape, size and orientation
(c) Size, orientation and shape (d) None of the above
14.The electronic configuration of chromium (Z=24) is:
(a) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2 (b) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1.
(c) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2 (d) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 4s2 4p4
15.Which of the following cannot be represented by resonance structures?
(a) Dimethyl ether (b) Nitrate anion
(c) Carboxylate anion (d)Toluene
16..Which one is strongest acid among following options?
(a) CH2FCOOH (b) CH2ClCOOH
(c) CHCl2COOH (d)CHF2COOH
Answer all the questions:
17.State the law of multiple proportions. Give an example.
18.Account for the stability of the atom with the help of Bohr’s theory.
19.Na and Mg+ have the same number of electrons but removal of electron from
Mg+
Requires more energy.Give reason.
20.(i)Write the I.U.P.A.C. name of HOOC-C ≡ C-COOH and
(ii)Give the structure of the following compounds:

(a)2-Ethylprop-2-en-l-ol (b)4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
21.What do you understand by functional isomerism? Give an example.
Answer all the questions:
22.Fe2(SO4)3is used in water and sewage treatment to aid the removal of
suspended impurities. Calculate the mass percentage of iron, sulphur and oxygen
in this compound
23.(i)How many electrons in Sulphur (Z = 16) can have n + l = 3?
(ii)Give the values of quantum numbers for the electron with the highest energy
in sodium atom.
(iii)An atom has 2 K, 8 L, and 5 M electrons. Write the electronic configuration
of the atom. How many unpaired electrons are there in the atom?
24.The velocity associated with a proton moving in a potential difference of 1000
V is 4.37 x 105 m s-1. If the hockey ball of mass 0.1 kg is moving with this
velocity, calculate the wavelength associated with this velocity.
25.How do atomic radii vary across a period with an atomic number in the
periodic table? Explain.
26.Howdo Ionisation energy vary across a period and along the group in the
periodic table? Explain.
27.Give the structure of following compounds(i)4-Ethyl-I-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene.
(ii) O-Ethyl anisole (iii) 3-Phenylpropanal
28.What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.
Case study questions
29.A reagent that brings an electron pair to the reactive site is called a
nucleophile (Nu:) i.e., nucleus seeking and the reaction is then called
nucleophilic. A reagent that takes away an electron pair from reactive site is
called electrophile (E+) i.e., electron seeking and the reaction is called
electrophilic.
Inductive Effect When a covalent bond is formed between atoms of
different electronegativity, the electron density is more towards the more
electronegative atom of the bond. Such a shift of electron density results in a
polar covalent bond. Bond polarity leads to various electronic effects in organic
compounds. Let us consider cholorethane (CH3 CH2Cl) in which the C–Cl bond
is a polar covalent bond. It is polarised in such a way that the carbon-1 gains
some positive charge (δ+ ) and the chlorine some negative charge (δ– ). The
fractional electronic charges on the two atoms in a polar covalent bond are
denoted by symbol δ (delta) and the shift of electron density is shown by an
arrow that points from δ + to δ– end of the polar bond.
Resonance Effect The resonance effect is defined as ‘the polarity produced
in the molecule by the interaction of two π-bonds or between a π-bond and lone
pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom’. The effect is transmitted through
the chain. There are two types of resonance or mesomeric effect designated as R
or M effect. (i) Positive Resonance Effect (+R effect) In this effect, the transfer
of electrons is away from an atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated
system. This electron displacement makes certain positions in the molecule of
high electron densities.
1) A reagent that brings an electron pair to the reactive site is called a …
a) nucleophile b) electrophile c) amphoteric d) amphophillic
2) A reagent that takes away an electron pair from reactive site is called ..
a) nucleophile b) electrophile c) amphoteric d) amphophillic
3) The … effect is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the
interaction of two π-bonds or between a π-bond and lone pair of electrons
present on an adjacent atom.
a) hindrance b) inductive c) resonance d) hyper conjunction
4) –OH group, represent … electron displacement effect.
a) M+ b) M- c) R- d) R+
30.There are many observable patterns in the physical and chemical properties of
elements as we descend in a group or move across a period in the Periodic
Table.Atomic Radius the determination of the atomic size cannot be precise. In
other words, there is no practical way by which the size of an individual atom can
be measured. However, an estimate of the atomic size can be made by knowing
the distance between the atoms in the combined state. The size of an anion will
be larger than that of the parent atom because the addition of one or more
electrons would result in increased repulsion among the electrons and a decrease
in effective nuclear charge. Their radii would be different because of their
different nuclear charges.A quantitative measure of the tendency of an element to
lose electron is given by its Ionization Enthalpy. It represents the energy required
to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom (X) in its ground state.
Electron Gain Enthalpy. when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom (x)
to convert it into a negative ion, the enthalpy change accompanying the process is
defined as the electron gain enthalpy (∆egh).Electron gain enthalpy provides a
measure of the ease with which an atom adds an electron to form anion. electron
gain enthalpies have large negative values toward the upper right of the periodic
table preceding the noble gases.The variation in electron gain enthalpies of
elements is less systematic than for ionization enthalpies. As a general rule,
electron gain enthalpy becomes more negative with increase in the atomic
number across a period. The effective nuclear charge increases from left to right
across a period and consequently it will be easier to add an electron to a smaller
atom since the added electron on an average would be closer to the positively
charged nucleus.
1) The atomic size generally … across a period.
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains Constant d) None of above
2) The ionization enthalpy is expressed in units of ….
a) kJmol–1 b) mole kJ-1 c) mole kJ d) kJ mol-1
3) Which of the following is/are numerical scales of electro negativity of
elements
a) Pauling scale b) Mulliken-Jaffe scale
c) Allred-Rochow scale d) All the above
4) The … in electro negativity down a group is accompanied by a … in non-
metallic properties.
a) Increase , Decrease b) Decrease , Increase
c) Decrease , Decrease d) Increase , Increase
Answer all the questions:
31.(i)A proton is moving with kinetic energy 5x10-27J.What is the velocity of the
proton ?
(ii)Describe the shape of s – and p – orbitals What do you mean by node or
nodal surface?
32.(i)Eplain why : (a) The three electrons present in 2p sub-shell of nitrogen
remain unpaired. (b)Cr has configuration 3d5 4s1 and not 3d5 4s2.
(ii)The IE2 of Mg is higher than that of Na. On the other hand, the IE2 of Na is
much higher than that of Mg. Explain.
33.(i) Why 30 carbocation are more stable than 10carbocation?
(ii)Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic
compound by Dumas method and Kjeldahl’s method.
(iii)In Sulphur estimation ,0.157g of an organic compound gave 0.4813g of
BaSO4. What is the % of Sulphur in the given organic compound?(Atomic mass
of
Ba =137, S=32)