Allergens
itching
can be introduced into the body via contact,
ingestion(food), inhalation (dust, pollen), or
injection(medication, drugs).
Initial sensitization to the allergen is required;
subsequent contact results in an inflammatory
response such as hayfever, urticarial
(hives),allergic rhinitis, eczema, and bronchial
asthma.
Latex
some proteins in latex can produce mild to
severe all addition, chemicals added during
processing can also cause skin rashes
Irritant contact dermatitis
is the most common reaction to latex products
and is characterized by the development of
irritated dry, itchy areas on the skin, usually
the hands
Allergic contact dermatitis
(delayed hypersensitivity) results from
exposure to the chemicals added to latex
during its manufacture.
Rash usually begins 24-48 hours following
contact and can lead to oozing skin blisters and
/or spread to areas of away from the area of
initial contact.
Latex allergy (immediate hypersensitivity)
can be a much more serious reaction to latex.
Reactions usually begin within minutes of
exposure to the latex, but can occur hours
later.
Mild reactions involve skin redness, hives, or
More severe are respiratory reactions,
itchy eyes, runny nose, sneezing, difficulty
breathing, and wheezing
Life-threatening reactions such as a
shock is rarely the first sign
Shock
is the body pathological reaction to illness,
trauma or severe pyro
stress. It can be caused by body fluid loss,
cardiac failure, obstruction of blood flow to the
vital organs
Assessment of level of neurological and
cognitive function (Indicator)
•
Glasgow Coma Scale
•
Level of Conciousness (LOC)
LOC assessment
Ask the patient to state his/her name, date,
address and the reason for coming in the
department/hospital
Note the patient's ability to follow directions
during instruction regarding positioning for the
examination. Note the movement that cause
pain or difficulty in movements, alteration in
behavior or lack of response
Assess the patient vital signs at this time if
current readings are not on the chart
Increase intracranial pressure
there's an increase in systolic blood pressure Anaphylactic shock
or widening of the pulse pressure, slowing of
(caused by severe allergic reaction)
pulse may also indicate, increase in respiration,
blood pressure decrease, pulse rate decrease Patient history:
further, rapid rise or fall of body temperature
may also indicate as such Obtain a short but adequate, relevant patient
history or why the exam is being done.
Stages of Shock Continuum
Routes of administration:
Stage I : compensatory or nonprogressive
Contrast media are usually administered orally
Stage Il : decompensatory or progressive or intravenously, there are a number or routes
and methods of drug administration.
Stage Ill: irreversible stage
Drugs and medications
Different Classification of Shock
maybe administered either orally(enteral) or
Hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood
parenterally.
volume - a blood loss)
Parenteral
Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problem and
heart can't pump blood to vital organ) refers to any route other than via the digestive
tract and includes topical, subcutaneous,
Obstructive shock (results from pathological
intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, and
condition that interfere with the normal
intrathecal (spinal tap/lumbar puncture).
pumping action of the heart) ex. pulmonary
embolism
Distributive or vasogenic shock (decrease Enteral-
blood pooling from peripheral blood vessel
is contrast delivered orally or via the digestive
result in decreased venous return of blood to system
the heart)
3 types of Distributive shock
Purpose:
Neurogenic shock
Contrast is introduced into a particular organ
(loss of sympathetic tone causing for better visualization and
vasodilatation of peripheral vessel, uneven
blood distribution throughout the body. It's it highlights the anatomic structures and /or
often the result of a severe injury to the central used to evaluate physiologic activity
nervous system, a spinal injury, or damage to (voiding cystourethrography, pharyngography,
the brain) oral cholecystography).
Septic Shock
(shock resulting to infection) (Gram negative
bacteria most common causative organism in
septic shock)