SEXUAL HARASSMENT

AND SEXUAL RIGHT

Montakarn Chuemchit, Ph.D.
January 14,2021

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Sexual communication and relationship
➢ Establish relationship to accomplish satisfying sexual relationships

➢ Communicate to facilitate the accomplishment of mutually satisfying

sexual encounters

➢ However, when someone says "no" to sex, but partner interprets it as

token resistance and continues to pursue sexual activity, negotiation is no
longer collaborative but coercive - - continued pursuit becomes sexual
intimidation, aggression, and may even lead to date rape

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Sexual communication and health
➢ Effective communication can contribute to sexual health

➢ Prevalence rates of STIs, HIV/AIDS increase worldwide - - > the ability to

engage in open dialogue about safer sex practices is important

➢In particular, scholars in this area explore the types of Sexual Communication
and Safer Sex Practices [communication skills to safer sex with partner e.g.
convince partner to use a condom]

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Barriers of sexual communication
➢ Gender difference [i.e. Perceived of society that male was more sexually
experienced/ sexually active]

➢ Attitudes [i.e. Ego prompted male to believe that the girl wanted him]

➢ Communication skills
▪ Female may fear and not speak directly
▪ Male heard only he wanted to hear i.e. not listen to the tone of women’s voice
or look for nonverbal communication
▪ Consensual sex is sexual activity that both people clearly desire and explicitly
agree to.

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 Definition of Sexual Harassment

◦ Sexual harassment is defined as unwanted or

unwelcome sexual advances [verbal, non-
verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature]

◦ Sexual harassment is a gender-neutral offense,

both men and women can sexually harass
each other. However, women are much more
likely to be victims

Sbraga, T. P., & O'donohue, W. (2000). Sexual harassment.

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Annual review of sex research, 11(1), 258-285.
 Type of Sexual
Harassment

1. “quid pro quo”

2. “hostile environment”

Sbraga, T. P., & O'donohue, W. (2000).

Sexual harassment. Annual review of sex
research, 11(1), 258-285. 6
 1. Quid pro quo sexual harassment

“Quid pro quo” is a Latin phase →

“something for something” or “this for that”
- - > exchanging the benefits or interests,
each person receives something for what
he or she gives

The inducement of sexual compliance

through promises including punishment and
reward

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 2. Hostile environment sexual harassment

Hostile environment sexual harassment

occurs when an employee is received a
comments about physical appearance
and physical contact at the work
environment.

uncomfortable or limit job performance.

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 “Quid pro Quo” “Hostile Environment”
TYPICAL EXAMPLES TYPICAL EXAMPLES

o a supervisor coerces an employee ◦ displaying “pinup” calendars or

into sexual relationship and then sexually demeaning pictures;
rewards the employee with a
promotion;
◦ making sexually oriented jokes or
offensive remarks; or
o a supervisor takes disciplinary action or
denies a promotion to an employee
because he or she rejected sexual
advance from the supervisor. ◦ subjecting another employee to
unwelcome sexual advances or
touching.

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Hostile Environment:

Anyone in the workplace may WHO?

create a hostile work environment
Supervisor
Co-worker
Non-employee

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 WHO ARE HARASSERS?
Anyone can harass, just as anyone can be the target
of harassment regardless of
sex, sexual preference, age, or professional position.
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Sexual harassment can be divided by the
expression or behavior of harassment
including

NON-VERBAL VERBAL PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR

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 NON-VERBAL SEXUAL HARASSMENT

by the actions and body language such as staring at

someone, making sexual gestures through body
movements, and making facial expressions

• Looking a person up and down (Elevator eyes)

• Blocking a person's path
• Following the person
• Giving personal gifts
• Making sexual gestures with hands or through body movements
• Making facial expressions such as winking, throwing kisses, or licking lips

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 Verbal harassment

includes whistling at someone, making sexual

comments, telling sexual jokes or stories, and asking
the personal questions.

· Referring to an adult as a girl, hunk, doll, babe, or honey

· Making sexual comments about a person's body
· Turning work discussions to sexual topics
· Telling sexual jokes or stories
· Asking about sexual fantasies, preferences, or history
· Asking personal questions about social or sexual life
· Making sexual comments about a person's clothing, anatomy, or looks
· Repeatedly asking out a person who is not interested

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 Physical harassment

consists of touching the person's clothing or body,

hugging, kissing, or standing close to another person.

▪ Giving a massage around the neck or shoulders

▪ Touching the person's clothing, hair, or body
▪ Hugging, kissing, patting, or stroking
▪ Touching or rubbing oneself sexually around another person
▪ Standing close or brushing up against another person

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Effects of sexual harassment
Job-related Health

◦ decreased job satisfaction ◦ anxiety

◦ lowered morale ◦ depression
◦ avoided participation in the workplace ◦ sleep disorders
◦ damaged work-relationship ◦ Headaches
◦ decreased work productivities ◦ lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder
◦ Some are forced to quit or lose their jobs

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Model of sexual harassment : Sociocultural model

➢ Including political and social which leaded

and engaged sexual harassment.

➢Gender inequality and sexism already appear

in the society

➢The stereotype which male are superiority,

female as subordinate in the society.

➢Prevalence studies represent that the majority

of harassers is male, and some found that
harassment is high in men dominated work
fields

Salisbury, Jan, et al. "Counseling victims of sexual harassment."

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 23.2 (1986):
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316
Model of sexual harassment : Organizational model

➢ Consist of inequalities status and power

among the organization that encourage
sexual harassment.

➢atmosphere in workplace, gendered

occupations, norms, and policies in
organization possibly encourage sexual
harassment.

Salisbury, Jan, et al. "Counseling victims of sexual harassment."

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 23.2 (1986): 316
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Model of sexual harassment : Sex-role spillover model

➢ explicit when male to female ratio in work

field is highly skewed.

➢ female who work in non-traditional field

such as construction and engineering are
likely norms breakers and faced with
sexual harassment at the high rates.

➢ sexual harassment also occurs in

“feminine” careers such as receptionists
and waitresses

Kearney, L. K. (2004). Mexican American and Caucasian university

students' experience of sexual harassment: the intertwining of power
and culture (Doctoral dissertation) 19
Model of sexual harassment : Natural or biological model

➢biological aspect which relates to sexual

attraction and mate seeking.

➢ the instinct of the human which males seem to

have higher inner sex led to sexual aggression
than female.

➢females seem to be the survivors of sexual

harassment while males are the harassers.

Kearney, L. K. (2004). Mexican American and Caucasian university

students' experience of sexual harassment: the intertwining of power
and culture (Doctoral dissertation) 20
 SUMMARY

Includes any action of a clear or

potentially sexually-motivated nature. They are unwelcoming to
the recipient; are directly, or
even by implication, linked
to employment decisions;
and form the basis of
such decisions.
Words or actions will
become sexual
harassment if:

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PREVENTION

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS NOT YOUR FAULT.

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN NOT ABOUT SEX.

It is about...

POWER!
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 Strategy for sexual harassment prevention

Clear anti-harassment policies which cover everyone; where and how to complain,
roles of participation and accepting the policies. Declaring Zero Tolerance is the most
powerful message for all employees : [ TU Say No To Sexual Harassment on Campus. We
are ‘Generation Equality ]

Shaping and sustaining a Culture of Voice; Reshaping a culture of voice in every area.
Sexual harassment will be worsened when it cannot be addressed.

Leadership training in legal, behavioral, and procedural harassment responsiveness;

deep understanding, recognize signs of harassment, and how to intervene if it exists.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

Sexual Harassment In the Workplace by Keith Schneider and Joy Webb

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦2006
◦ Tarana Burke coins the phrase
“Me Too.” Ms. Burke wanted to
help women and girls of color who
had also survived sexual violence.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦October 5, 2017
◦ Ashley Judd accuses Harvey
Weinstein of sexual harassment.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦October 12, 2017

◦ Roy Price, head of Amazon
Studios, resigns after he is accused
of lewd behavior and propositions
in 2015 by producer, Isa Hackett.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦October 15,
2017
◦ Actress is credited with
reigniting the #MeToo
movement with a tweet.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦October 18, 2017

◦ Olympic gymnast McKayla
Maroney acknowledges in a
tweet that she was sexually
assaulted by former team doctor,
Lawrence Nassar, who has now
been sentenced to 60 years in
federal prison.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦October 29, 2017

◦ Anthony Rapp makes the first
accusation against Kevin Spacey,
claiming that he made sexual
advances towards him at age 14.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦November 9, 2017
◦ Story about Republican Senate
nominee Roy Moore’s alleged
history of preying on underage
girls is published.

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦November 21, 2017

◦ Charlie Rose is fired by CBS, PBS
and Bloomberg TV, a day after
The Washington Post reported that
eight women claimed that Rose
had made crude sexual advances
towards them.

(A Reporter and American television journalist and

former talk show host)
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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦November 29, 2017

◦ The “Today” show announced
that its co-host, Matt Lauer was
fired after NBC received detailed
allegations about his sexual
misconduct.

(The former Today show anchor)

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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦November 30, 2017

◦ Garrison Keillor is fired from
Minnesota Public Radio after he
was accused of sexual
misconduct.

(An American author, storyteller, humorist, voice

actor, and radio personality)
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 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦November 30, 2017

◦ Russell Simmons steps down from
his companies after writer Jenny
Lumet accuses him of sexual
assault.

(An American entrepreneur, record executive, writer,

and film producer, chairman and CEO of Rush
Communications, co-founded the hip-hop music
label ) 35
 Timeline of Events of the #MeToo Movement

◦December 6, 2017
◦ “The Silence Breakers” named
Time Magazine’s 2017 Person of
the Year.

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 The #MeToo
Movement
Sexual harassment is a hot
topic. 'Me Too' is another
movement creating a trend
through social media.

The current hashtag #MeToo is

a campaign and reveal the
experiences of victims of
sexual abuse. Speaking of the
victim is a matter of sharing
and empowering the sexually
assaulted person.

This trend may help raise

awareness and reduce sexual
harassment regardless of
gender. 38
 Sexual rights

"Sexual rights are a fundamental element of human rights. They encompass the

right to experience a pleasurable sexuality, which is essential in and of itself, and,

at the same time, is a fundamental vehicle of communication and love between

people. Sexual rights include the right to liberty and autonomy in the responsible

exercise of sexuality."

[Ref. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexual_health/sh_definitions/en/]
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 Principles of sexual rights
❑ Bodily Integrity -the right to security in and control over one's body.

❑ All women and men have a right to not only be protected from harm to the

body but also to enjoy the full potential of the body

❑ Personhood -the right to self -determination. All women and men have a right to

make decisions for themselves

❑ Equality -equal without

❑ Diversity -respect for difference.

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 Sexual Rights Include:

❑ Sexual pleasure without fear of infection, disease, unwanted pregnancy, or

harm.

❑ Sexual expression and to make sexual decisions that are consistent with one’s

personal, ethical and social values.

❑ Sexual and reproductive health care, information, education, and services.

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 Sexual Rights Include (cont.):

❑ Bodily integrity and the right to choose with full consent.

❑ Enter relationships, including marriage, with full and free consent and

without coercion.

❑ Privacy and confidentiality in seeking sexual and reproductive health

care services.

❑ Express one's sexuality without discrimination, and independent of

reproduction
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Core Value

❑ Choice

❑ Dignity

❑ Diversity

❑ Equality

❑ Respect

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THANK YOU

Montakarn.ch@chula.ac.th
Line ID: imontakarn

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