‫ﻣﺠﻠّﺔ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨّﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1398‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )‪ (Daucus carota subsp. carota‬ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬

‫)‪ (Daucus carota L. var. sativus‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲﺍﻟﻒ*‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒﺑﺎﻍ ﮔﻴﺎﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪-‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ :‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻘﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ SID ،Scopus ،PubMed ،Google Scholar ،Science Direct‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺒﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻢﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺁﻟﻔﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺗﺌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪-‬ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺒﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪97‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔَﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺎ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ‪ ،‬ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺐ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ‪ :‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪98‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺒﺰﻱ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺭ )ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺧﻠﻂﺁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﺗﺸﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ‪ 39‬ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ‪ C ،A‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ،E‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺘﺎ ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻞﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )‪.(2‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﭼﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ )‪ (Apiaceae‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮﺓ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺑﺪ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﭼﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺮگ ﺳﻘﺮﺍﻁ )ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺁﻟﻜﺎﻟﻮﺋﻴﺪﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻛﺮﺍﻥ( ﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻟﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭ‪‬ﺳﺘﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪195 ---1398‬‬ ‫* ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎﺕ‪h.batooli@areeo.ac.ir :‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﻥ ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ )ﺷﻤﺲﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻫﺠﺮﻱ‪ -‬ﻗﻤﺮﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ )ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦﺑﻦﺧﻠﻒ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻥ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻨﺪﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫)ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺩ‪ 1267 ،‬ﺷﻤﺴﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻴﺴﻲ )ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲﺍﻛﺒﺮﺧﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﻲ‪ 1300 ،‬ﺷﻤﺴﻲ( ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍژﺓ »ﻫﺎﻭﻭچ« )‪ (Havuč‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍژﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫)‪.(8‬‬
‫»ﻫﻮﻳﺞ« )‪ (Daucus L.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻚﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫)‪ (garden carrot‬ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ )‪ (wild carrot‬ﺩﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮔﻴﺎﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪Daucus‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﻴﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫‪ carota‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺮﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪Daucus carota subsp.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫‪ carota‬ﻧﺎﻡﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺯﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪﺓ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻓﺮﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‪ Daucus carota L. var. sativus ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Daucus L.‬ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(9‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(10‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Bradeen‬ﻭ ‪ (2007) Simon‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(11‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﻪ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ‬
‫‪11‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪13‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪...‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻲﺍﺳﺘﻴﻠﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺗﻴﻮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ )‪.(3‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻥﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ )‪ .(4‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ )‪ ،(5‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺬﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(6 ،4‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺯ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻙ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﮔَﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ( ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮔ‪‬ﻞﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻡ »ﮔَﺰﺭ« ﻳﺎ »ﻛَﺰﻝَ« ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺨﻲ ﺍﻳﻼﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔ‪‬ﻞﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺑﺰﺭگ )‪ 514‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ( ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺑﺰﺭگ )‪ 493‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔ‪‬ﻞﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻻ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺣﻖﺍﻟﺰﺣﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔ‪‬ﻞﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﻨﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﻼﺑﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ .(7‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺎﻩ »ﮔَﺰﻝَ« )‪ (Kazla‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» .‬ﮔَﺰﺭ« ﻧﺎﻡ »ﺯﺭﺩﻙ« ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫)‪.(8‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺏ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ )ﮔَﺰﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﭻﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ --- 196‬ﻣﺠﻠّﺔ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨّﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(16‬ﺍﻻﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺿﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ )‪ ،(17‬ﻫﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻄﺐ )‪ ،(18‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬
‫)‪ ،(19‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﺸﺎﻫﻲ )‪ (20‬ﻭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﻪ )‪ ،(21‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﻗﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪ‬
‫»ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ« ﺷﻬﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﻬﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻪ‬
‫)‪ ،(22‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻢ )‪ ،(23‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎء )‪ ،(24‬ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ )‪،(25‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺭﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(26‬ﻣﺮﺁﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﺎﻥ )‪ ،(27‬ﺍﻟﻤﺂﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪(28‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺸﻦ )‪(29‬؛ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫‪Antibacterial,‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Daucus carota, Daucus‬‬
‫‪carota subsp. Carota, Daucus carota L. var. sativus,‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ‪،Google Scholar ،Science Direct‬‬
‫‪ SID ،Scopus ،PubMed‬ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 1976‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2017‬ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪14‬ﻡ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪15‬ﻡ( ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺰﻱ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺑﻪﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪13‬ﻡ( ﻭ ژﺍﭘﻦ )ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪17‬ﻡ(‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(12‬‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﻲ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(14 ،13‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﺍﻱ )ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛُﺘﺐ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻃﻲ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﻛﺸﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ )ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺪﮔﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺰﺩ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺣﻜﻤﺎﻱ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺬﺭ ﻭ ﮔﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﭘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻏﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺑﻦﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻳﺎ »ﮔَﺰﺭ« ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ...» :‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ »ﺳﻄﺎﻗﻮﻧﺲ« ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﻩﺍﺵ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫»ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ« ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ »ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ« ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻄﺐ )‪،(15‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪197 ---1398‬‬


‫ﺷﻜﻮﻓﻪﺍﺵ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﮔﺸﻨﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﮔﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺰﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻓﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺮﻫﻀﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﻫﻀﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ )ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ(‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺷﻬﻮﺕﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺬﺭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻥ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ« )‪.(19‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺑﻦﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ«‪» ،‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ« ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ...» :‬ﻭ ﺍﻣﺎ ﮔَﺰﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺵ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ« )‪.(16‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻮﺭﻳﺤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ« ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﮔَﺰﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﺖ ﺳﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ »ﺍﺻﻄﻔﻠﻴﻦ« ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ »ﻣﺸﺎ« ﻭ‬
‫»ﺷﻤﺮ« ﻫﻢ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻄﻔﻠﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔَﺮﺯ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﻠﻴﻦ ﺻﺎء ﻭ ﻃﺎء ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻐﺖ ﻋﺮﺏ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ« )‪.(15‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺟﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﺸﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﺮﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻩﻫﺎ )ﺳﺒﺰﻱﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻀﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻏﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﻠﻐﻢ‪ ،‬ﭼﻐﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﮔَﺰﺭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﻧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺮﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻱﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺾ ﺑﻴﺎﺭﺩ« )‪.(20‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪...‬‬
‫ﭼﻴﺰ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮگ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺬﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺻﺎﻑﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﺮگ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﺧﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻨﺪ« )‪.(16‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻘﻮﺭﻳﺪﻭﺱ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ "ﺳﻄﺎﻗﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ" ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ "ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻟﻪ" ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﻦ )ﺯﻧﺠﺒﻴﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻲ( ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺶ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳﺾﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﮔُﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﭼﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻔﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺧﻮﺷﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺩ‬
‫ﭘﻬﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺶ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺫﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺮگ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ« )‪.(16‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊﺑﻦﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﻮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻫﺪﺍﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ« ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺬﺭ »ﮔَﺰﺭ« ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ )ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(18‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﻡ »ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ«‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﮔﺰﺭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫»ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ« ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻱﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺴﻘﻮﺭﻳﺪﻭﺱ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺶ ﺭﻳﺰﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮگ ﺭﺍﺯﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪﺍﺵ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻮﻓﻪﺍﺵ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﮔﺸﻨﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺛﻤﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺧﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻼﺧﻲ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﻓﺲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻣﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﺶ ﺗﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻣﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﮔﺸﻨﻴﺰ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫‪ --- 198‬ﻣﺠﻠّﺔ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨّﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﻗﺮﻥ ‪ (13‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺞﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(28‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺭﺯﺍﻕ«‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﮔﺰﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻴﻠﻲ« ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺻﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ )‪ .(26‬ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩﻣﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺬﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ )‪.(26‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﻞﺍﷲ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎء«‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﮔﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺬﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 50‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪.(24‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻦﺑﻦﻣﺤﻤﺪﺑﻦﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐﺑﻦﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻗﻢ«‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻗﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺒﺰﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ‪ 15‬ﻭ ‪ 25‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﻗﻢ )ﻭﺿﻴﻌﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫)‪.(23‬‬
‫»ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺁﺻﻒ« ﻣﻘﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ »ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺎ« ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺭﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ«‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻛﺮﻳﻢﺧﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ )‪ 6‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ( ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺮ ﻛﺮﻳﻢﺧﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪ‪ 10 ،‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(25‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪199 ---1398‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻠﻐﻢ ﻭ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺕ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻃﻌﻢ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪.(20‬‬
‫ﻋﻘﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﻪ«‪ ،‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍء ﻣﻬﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺏ ﮔَﺰﺭ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫"ﺯﺭﺩﻙ" ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﻱ "ﮔﺎﺟﺮ" ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ« ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﮔﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ )‪.(21‬‬
‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﺪﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷﻠﻐﻢ‪ ،‬ﭼﻐﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺪﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺸﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫»ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﺑﻮﻧﺼﺮ ﻫﺮﻭﻱ« ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻪ«‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩﻣﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺩﻱﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﻮﻧﺼﺮ ﻫﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺭﺍ‪ 50 ،‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 80‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻱ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )‪.(22‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﻴﻊﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻪ )ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ( ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﻟﻤﺂﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ« ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔُﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺎﺣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔُﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ )ﻧﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﭼﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ )‪ ،(Apiaceae‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺘﻲ »ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺸﻦ« ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔُﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﮔُﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ »ﮔُﻠﺮﻧﮓ«‬
‫)‪ (Carthamus tinctorius‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﮔُﻠﺮﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(29‬‬
‫»ﺩﻳﺴﻘﻮﺭﺩﻳﻮﺱ«‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫)‪ (Dioscorides‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ »ﻫﻴﻮﻭﺩ«‬
‫)‪ (Heywood‬ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻬﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Parsnip‬ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ )‪ (Parsnip‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪.(12‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻛﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﮔﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻫﻮﻳﺞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻢﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻙﺁﻟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮﺱ )‪ (Galen‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ )‪ (Carrota‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪ Daucus‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ )‪.(30‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻂ‬
‫‪ Parstinaca sativa‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(10‬‬
‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫‪Daucus‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ‪ Daucus carota L. var. sativus‬ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ carota L. subsp. carota‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(9‬‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪...‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔ‪‬ﻞﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ (Fort) 6580‬ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩ »ﻛَﺰﻝَ« ﺭﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩژ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‪،‬‬
‫‪» 21‬ﺑﺎﺭ« )‪» (Bar‬ﻛَﺰﻝَ« ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻴﺸﻴﺲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ 21 .‬ﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ »ﺑﺎﺭ« )‪ (Bar‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ «.‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ« )‪.(7‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮ ﺿﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ )ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (1288‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ )ﻣﺮﺁﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮ ﺿﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺒﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﭼﻐﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﻲﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪.(27‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻮﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖﺑﻦﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﻻﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺿﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ«‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 347‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﻫﺮﻭﻱ‪ ،(1388 ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ »ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ« ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫»ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺾ ﺁﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﮕﺸﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﺮﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺶ ﺑﻜﻮﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺷﻘﺎﻗﻞ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻱﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ‪«.....‬‬
‫)‪.(17‬‬
‫»ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﺑﻮﻧﺼﺮ ﻫﺮﻭﻱ« ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻪ«‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺰﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﺟ‪‬ﺰﺭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺏﻛﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ« )‪.(22‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺩﻑ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮگ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ --- 200‬ﻣﺠﻠّﺔ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨّﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ )‪ .(32‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Mojaba‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪(2008‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﻟﻜﺎﻟﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺮﻭژﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻭﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﭘﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ‬
‫)‪ 0/2 (Daucus carota L. subsp. carota‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪/‬ﻭﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻣﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(31‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮگ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺗﺮﭘﻦﻫﺎ )‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺳﺴﻜﻮﺋﻲﺗﺮﭘﻦﻫﺎ )‪ 27/8‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥﻫﺎ )‪ 26/4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺁﻧﺘﻮﻝ )‪ 23/5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ksouri‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (2015‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫)‪ 14/5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ )‪ .(33‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫)‪ (Daucus cartoa L. var. sativus‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ژﺭﺍﻧﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺕ )‪ 52/45‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﺪﺭﻭﻥ )‪ 14/04‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﻭ ﺁﺳﺎﺭﻭﻥ )‪ 11/39‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪.(1‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮگ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﻟﻔﺎ‪ -‬ﭘﻴﻨﻦ )‪27/44‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺑﻴﻨﻦ )‪ 25/34‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﻭ ژﺭﻣﺎﻛﺮﻥ‪ -‬ﺩﻱ )‪16/33‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ :1‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬

‫ﺳﺴﻜﻮﺋﻲﺗﺮﭘﻦﻫﺎ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺗﺮﭘﻦﻫﺎ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪22/18‬‬ ‫‪64/59‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ )‪(33‬‬
‫‪16/14‬‬ ‫‪66/08‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺑﺬﺭ‬
‫‪27/8‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬ ‫‪0/2‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )‪(34‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺗﺎ ‪ 1700‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ .(1‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ 2‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ )‪.(31‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ‪ ،C‬ﺗﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺒﻮﻓﻼﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﺔ ﺁﻧﺘﻮﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ :2‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪0/8‬‬ ‫‪0/2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ )‪(1‬‬

‫‪1/067‬‬ ‫‪0/367‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1/167‬‬ ‫‪6/1‬‬ ‫‪91‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ )‪(32‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪201 ---1398‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪...‬‬

‫ﻛﻢﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻪﺳﺒﺐ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ )‪ (1395‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺯﺭﺩﻙ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫)‪.(10‬‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻢﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻪﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﻭ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(10‬‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺁﻟﻔﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﺠﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺗﺌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻏﺬﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ )ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )‪،2‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﺰﺭگ( ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪ .(34‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ .(38‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺭژﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺘﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﻮﻱ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ( ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ‪ A‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺘﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺩﺓ ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮﻍ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻢﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ )ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻨﻴﻮﻡ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ )ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ‪ ،B‬ﭘﺮﻭﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ‪ ،A‬ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ‪،(C‬‬ ‫‪ Karnjanawipagul‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (2010‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻲﻓﻨﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ .(39‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 72/3‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 145/9‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ Ullah .(35‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮگ ﻭ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (2011‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺘﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ )‪.(40‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ‪ 112/1‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ )‪.(36‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ Rebecca‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (2014‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺘﺎ‪-‬‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ‪ 183‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ )‪.(37‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺰﻱ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺨﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ )ﺭﻳﺸﻪ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺰﺋﻴﻨﻲ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ )ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ( ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺩ‪‬ﺳﺮﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺴﺮﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺸﻚﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺨﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺥﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﻮپ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﺎﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﭘﻨﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺵ ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﺥﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳ‪‬ﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ )‪ (1395‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻨﺪ‬
‫ژﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺯﺭﺩﻙ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﻬﻮﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ --- 202‬ﻣﺠﻠّﺔ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨّﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﭘﺘﻮﺯﻭﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺘﻲ )ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ (1‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺵ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺘﻲﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻣﺪﺕ ﺷﺶ ﺭﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺗﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻱﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ )ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺯ ‪ 200‬ﻭ ‪300‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ( ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻠﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻛﻢﭼﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﭙﺎﺭﺗﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﺮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ )ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺯ ‪ 300‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ( ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﻲ ﺁﻻﻧﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻮﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﺮﺍﺯ‬
‫)‪ (p<0.05‬ﺷﺪ )‪.(49‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺵ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺼﺎﺭﺓ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 400‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ 140‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫‪ 90/9‬ﻭ ‪ 58/6‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ‪ 58‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ 44/1‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ )‪.(50‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻓﻴﻞ‬
‫)ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻓﻴﻞ )ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ( ﺍﺳﺖ )‪،51 ،2‬‬
‫‪ .(52‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ )‪.(53‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺘﺎ‪-‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(55 ،54‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲِ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﺳﻠﻮﺍﻛﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺘﻪ ‪ Koloseum‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 9/83±0/62‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺘﻪ ‪ Jitka‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪6/88±0/92‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪203 ---1398‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔُﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻄﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻌﻢﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(42 ،41‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪ‬
‫)‪ .(43‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪ -‬ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(46-43‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻻﺭﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻮﻱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﻧﻔﺦ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫)‪.(47‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﻧﻔﺦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ )‪.(48‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ )ﺳﻴﺘﻮﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻚ(‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿﺪﺩﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﺍﻡﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﺔ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﺻﺎﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﺸﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎء ﺷﻨﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(31‬‬
‫ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﺿﺪﻧﻔﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻲﺧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻧﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )‪.(42 ،41‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ 200 ،100‬ﻭ ‪ 300‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻲ ﺑﻪﻣﺪﺕ ﺷﺶ ﺭﻭﺯ( ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺳﺮﻣﻲ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺳﺎﻳﺘﻮژﻧﺰ«‬ ‫»ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(Listeria monocytogenes‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ )ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )‪.(10‬‬
‫‪ Mercier‬ﻭ ‪ (1999) Kuc‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﻛﺘﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻛﺎﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚﺷﺪﺓ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪-6‬ﻣﺘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺁﻟﻜﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )‪.(62‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﭼﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺖ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻜﺪﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﺸﺖ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮگ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺿﺪﻧﻔﺦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺭ )ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﺁﻭﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻮﻱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻧﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺑﻲﺧﻮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﻭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﺮﻭﺍﺳﻜﻠﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺣﻜﻤﺎﻱ ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺘﻪ ‪ Koloseum‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1/4‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ Jitka‬ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(56‬‬
‫‪ Algarra‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (2014‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1/4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 17/6‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ )‪ .(57‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ Bembem‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (2014‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ‪ 11/2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ )‪.(58‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﭘﻠﻲﻓﻨﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺎﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﭘﻠﻲﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺐ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(60 ،59‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﺪﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺪﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (1388‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ‪ 100‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ )‪.(10‬‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺩﻫﺔ ‪ 1960‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭘ‪‬ﻠﻲﺍﺳﺘﻴﻠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫)‪ (Myristicin ،Falcarindiol ،Falcarinol‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ Mercier .(61‬ﻭ ‪(1999) Kuc‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪-6‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻠﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮگﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Cercospora carota‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ )‪.(62‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺷﻌﺔ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍء ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪-6‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪-6‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪(6-Hydroxy‬‬ ‫)‪mellein‬‬
‫)‪ (6-methoxy mellein‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﭘﻴﺪﺭﻡ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(61‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺯﺭﺩﻙ( ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫‪ --- 204‬ﻣﺠﻠّﺔ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨّﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﺎﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﭘ‪‬ﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻧﺪﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ )‪ .(10‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﻞ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻡﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻢﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(11‬‬
‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭژﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ )ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ )ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺘﺎﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻦ( ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮگ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺗﺮﭘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺴﻜﻮﻳﻲﺗﺮﭘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮگ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ )ﺭﻳﺸﻪ( ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ(‬
‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺮﭘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺍﻩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﻳﺸﺔ ﻫﻮﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻡﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺯﺭﺩﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪205 ---1398‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬

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