The Journal of Qazvin Univ. of Med. Sci.

‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ‐ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬

Vol. 9, No. 3, Autumn 2005 ١٣٨٤ ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬،(٣٦ ‫ )ﭘﻲﺩﺭﭘﻲ‬٣ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﻠﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
*‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬
Measurement of PAHs in carbon black used in Iranian tyre
manufacturing plants
MSh.Hosseini@

”Abstract
Background: There are thousands of workers in Iran exposed to carbon black used in tyre
manufacturing plants, regularly. This compound has been shown to be carcinogenic as there
are several PAHs contaminating the carbon black.
Objective: To measure PAHs in carbon black used in Iran industries and also comparing the
imported carbon black with domestic ones marked as A & B, respectively.
Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, samples from different kinds of carbon blacks
(imported and domestic ones) were obtained. PAH extraction from these samples was carried
out using micro Soxlet. Six different kinds of PAHs including benzo (a) pyrene, dibenzo (a, h)
antracen, phenaterene, fluoranthene, chrysene and anthracene were further analyzed by GC-
FID method.
Finding: Both imported and domestic types of carbon blacks were contaminated with all six
kinds of PAHs, unexceptionally. However, the total concentration of six PAHs was different
among study samples (P<0.001). Chrysene and anthracene showed to have the maximum and
the minimum concentration, respectively. The highest contamination of carbon blacks was
associated with product manufactured by factory A followed by factory B with lowest
contamination.
Conclusion: The data obtained from the present research showed that both types of carbon
blacks used in this study were contaminated with PAHs. Comparing our results with some
other studies was indicative of presence of a higher contamination in this soot. Therefore,
Iranian occupational health system is recommended to place the carbon blacks in carcinogenic
class and provide new OEL for working places.
Keywords: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Carbon Black, Neoplasms
‫” ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬: ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
.‫( ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬PAHs) ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﻠﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬
.‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‬: ‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬
‫ ﻭ‬A ‫ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ )ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‬۱۳۸۰‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬: ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬
‫( ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﮏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺗﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻴﺎﻥﺗﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬B‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬PAHs ‫ ﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ‬.‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻮﻛﺴﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪ‬PAHs .‫ﺁﻣﺪ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬GC-FID‫ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ‬،‫ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬،‫( ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬a,h)‫ ﺩﻱﺑﻨﺰﻭ‬،‫( ﭘﻴﺮﻥ‬a) ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻭ‬
.‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ‬PAHs ‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬،‫ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬PAHs ‫ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ‬: ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ‬.(p<٠/٠٠١)‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬B ‫ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬A ‫ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
.‫ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬PAHs
‫ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬: ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
.‫( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬OEL) ‫ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬،‫ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﻠﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬: ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫* ﻣﺮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬
٠٢٨١‐٣٣٤٥٨٦ ‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬،‫ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬،‫ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬: ‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ‬
@Email: M_S_hoseiny@Noavar.com Page (59)
 ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ /...‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﺭﻳــﻪ ﺟــﺬﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻥ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﻃـﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴـﻢﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ‪ DNA‬ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺳـﻴﺐﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺗــﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺑــﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﺳــﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﺜﻴــﺮ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺳــﻠﻮﻝﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﺳــﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛــﺰ ﺗﻤــﺎﻳﺰ ﺳــﻠﻮﻝ ﻳــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺷــﺪ ﺳــﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺛــﺮ ﻣــﻲﻛﻨــﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﻣــﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺪﺧﻴﻢ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳــﺖ ﺗﺒــﺪﻳﻞ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪٨).‬ﻭ‪ (١١‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔــﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻢﻭﻛﻴﻒ ‪ ،PAHs‬ﺑـﻴﺶﺗـﺮ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٧٧٥‬ﻣــﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻳــﻚ ﭘﺰﺷــﻚ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴــﻲ ﺑــﻪ‬
‫)‪ (Sir Percival Pott‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻧـــﺎﻡ ﭘـــﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺷـﻴﻮﻉ ﺳـﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻀـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ ﻛﻮﺩﻛــﺎﻧﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﻛــﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﭘــﺎﻙ ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳـــــﺖ ﻭﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍﻋﺎﻣـــــﻞ ﺳـــــﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻋـــــﻼﻡ‬
‫)‪١١‬ﻭ‪١٢‬ﻭ‪١٣‬ﻭ‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴـــﻴﻦ ﻧـــﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻴـــﺰﺍﻥ ‪ PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟـــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺒـــﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄـــﺮﺡ ﺷـــﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑـ ـﻪ ﻋﻨـــﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣـــﻞ‬
‫ﺳـــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﺩﺍﺷـــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑـــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـــﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧــﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻣــﻲﺩﺍﺩﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ‪ ١٩٧٠‬ﻣــﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟــﻴﻦ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺩﻱﺑﻨــﺰﻭ‬
‫)‪ (a,h‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍﻱ ﻗـﻮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷـــﺪ‪ (١١).‬ﺩﺭﺳـــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٥‬ﻣـــﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬
‫)‪١٠‬ﻭ‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺣﻤﻴــــﺪ ﻗــــﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻧــــﺎﻳﻮ ﺑﻌﻀــــﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ PAHs‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱﻛـﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﻱﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟــﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻴﻨﺮ ‪ PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٧‬ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛـــــﻮﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑـــــﻪ ﻛﻤـــــﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـــــﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﻓﺘﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣــﺎﻭﺭﺍﻱ ﺑــﻨﻔﺶ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳــﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤــﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔــﻲ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴــﺐﻫــﺎﻱ‬
‫‪٦٠‬‬
‫” ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻـــﻨﻌﺘﻲ )‪ (Carbon Black‬ﻣـــﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺳـــﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﭘـﻮﺩﺭﻱ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺑـﻲﺑـﻮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﺳــﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻧــﺎﻗﺺ ﻳــﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﻲ )ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻟﻴــﺰ(‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴــﺐﻫــﺎﻱ ﺁﻟــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘــﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻـــﻨﻌﺖ ﺑـــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـــﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨـــﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠـــﺎﻡ ﻣـــﻲﺩﻫﻨـــﺪ‪١).‬ﻭ‪٢‬ﻭ‪٣‬ﻭ‪٤‬ﻭ‪٥‬ﻭ‪ (٦‬ﺍﻣـــﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺻـــﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـــﺎ ﻭ ﺑـــﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـــﺖﻫـــﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜــﻲ ﻭ ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼــﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧــﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻧــﻮﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣــﻲﻛﻨﻨــﺪ‪١).‬ﻭ‪٢‬ﻭ‪ (٣‬ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛــﺐﺳــﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗــﻮﻧﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷــﻴﻦﻫــﺎﻱ ﭼــﺎﭖ ﻭ ﺯﻳــﺮﺍﻛﺲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸــﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻــﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﻠﺰﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻏــﺬﻫــﺎﻱ ﻛــﺎﺭﺑﻦﺩﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴـــﺰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴـــﺪ ﻻﺳـــﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗـــﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻏﻴـــﺮﻩ‬
‫)‪٣‬ﻭ‪٤‬ﻭ‪٥‬ﻭ‪٦‬ﻭ‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺑــﺰﺭﮒ )ﻛــﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺑــﻼﻙ ﺍﻫــﻮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻــﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺳــﺎﻭﻩ( ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻩﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ﻻﺳـــﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﺮﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧـــﻪ ﻫـــﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛــﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃــﺮﻕ ﺗﻨﻔﺴــﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌــﺮﺽ ﻏﺒــﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــﺎﺕ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫)ﺑ ـﻪ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺟــﺬﺏ ﺳــﻄﺤﻲ( ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﻩ ﺑــﻪ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻧﻴﺘـﺮﻭﺯﺁﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻴــــﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫــــﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴــــﻚ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﻠﻘــــﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍﺳــﺖ‪٧).‬ﻭ‪٨‬ﻭ‪٩‬ﻭ‪ (١٠‬ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤــﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﺑﻌﻀــﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﻪﻫــﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﺩﻓﺘــﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤــﻴﻂ )‪(EPA‬‬
‫ﺩﻓﺘــﺮ ﺑــﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠــﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥ )‪(IARC‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧــﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪﻫـــﺎ ﻧﺸـــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـــﺖ ﻛـــﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳـــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌــﺎﺕ ﻣﺨــﺎﻃﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟــﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺴــﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺗﻤـــﺎﺱ‬
‫)‪١٢‬ﻭ‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻴــــﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫــــﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴــــﻚ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﻠﻘــــﻪﺍﻱ‬
 ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ٣‬ﭘﻲﺩﺭﭘﻲ ‪ ،(٣٦‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪١٣٨٤‬‬
‫‪ ٦/٥ ،٣٢ ،١ ،٣ ،٥ ،٨‬ﻭ ‪ PPM ١‬ﺍﻧــــــﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴــــــﺮﻱ‬
‫)‪(١٨‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯﺳــــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٣‬ﺑــــﺎ ﺑــ ـﻪﻛــــﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺳــــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳــــﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﻓﻮﺗﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺟﺮﻣــــﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴــــﺘﻨﺪ ﻃﻴــــﻒ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑــﻴﺶﺗــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ PAHs‬ﺗﺸــﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻨــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﻗــﺒ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(١٩‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ ﺑــﺎ ﻫــﺪﻑ ﺍﻃــﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻛــﻢ ﻭﻛﻴــﻒ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴــﻪ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺁﻻﻳﻨــﺪﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ ﻭ ﺧــﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﻳﻜــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻣﺼــﺮﻑﺗــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﺮﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﻣــﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨــﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺖ‬
‫ﺷــﻐﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴــﺖ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺗــﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺸــﻮﺭ ﻣــﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨــﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻧﺘــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪ ٠/٥‬ﺗــﺎ‬
‫” ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٠‬ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷـــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳـــﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣـــﺎﻧﻲ ﻳـــﻚ ﻣﺎﻫـــﻪ ﺑـــﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻛﺸــﻲ ﺑــﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﺮﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗــﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﻴﺶﺗــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻــﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﺮﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒــﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺗﺼـﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑــﺎ ﺩﻗــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻘــﻞ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫــﺮ‬
‫ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎﻱ ﺟﻤــﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻳــﻚ ﮔــﺮﻡ‬
‫)ﺑــﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻭﻳــﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﻗــﺖ ﺁﻥ ‪٠/٠٠٠١‬ﮔــﺮﻡ ﺑــﻮﺩ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺒـﻞ ﻓـﺎﻳﺒﺮ ﮔـﻼﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟـﻲ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺳــــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻛﺴــــﻮﻟﻪ )ﺑــــﺎ ﺣﺠــــﻢ ‪١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠــﻲﻟﻴﺘــﺮ( ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﺣــﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻟــﻮﺋﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﻣــﺪﺕ ‪٢٤‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨــﺰﻭ)‪ (g,i,h‬ﭘﻴــﺮﻭﻟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨــﺰﻭ)‪ (a‬ﭘﻴــﺮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛــﺮﻭﻧﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠــﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴــﺮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺗﺸــﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٥‬ﻣــﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺭﻧــﺰ ‪ ١٠‬ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻛــﻮﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺎ ﺣــﻼﻝ ﺑﻨــﺰﻥ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻛﺴﻮﻻﺳــﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗــﻴﻦ ﻻﻳــﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻭﻣــــﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ )‪ (TLC‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳــــﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑــــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﻓﺘﻮﻓﻠﻮﺭﻭﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮﺭ ﻛﻤــﻲ ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴـــﺖ ﻏﻠﻈـــﺖ ‪ B(a)P‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣـــﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٠/٨‬ﺗـــﺎ‬
‫‪ ٦/٧‬ﻣﻴﻠـــــﻲﮔـــــﺮﻡ ﺩﺭﻛﻴﻠـــــﻮﮔﺮﻡ )‪ (mg/kg‬ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳـــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٩‬ﻣـــﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﻛـــﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜـــﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ‪ ،PAHs‬ﺩﺭ ﭘــﻨﺞ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣـــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻـــﻨﻌﺖ ﻻﺳـــﺘﻴﻚﺳـــﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫‪ ،١/٨‬ﺑﻨﺰﻭﺍﭘﻴــﺮﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪٢‬ﺗــﺎ‪ ،٤٠‬ﻓﻠــﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ ﺭﺍ ‪ ١٠‬ﺗــﺎ ‪،١٠٠‬‬
‫ﻛــﺮﻭﻧﻦ ﻭﺍﻳﺰﻭﻣــﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪ ١٣‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ ،٣٦٦‬ﻓﻨــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ‪ PPM ٥‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ‪ ١٩٨٠‬ﺗــﺎﻳﻠﻮﺭ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ‪ PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﻧــــــﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ‪N-357, N-351, N-339, N-234, N-220‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ )ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﻴﺶﺗــﺮﻳﻦ ﻛــﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻨﻌﺖ ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﺮﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ( ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ‪ PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫــﺮ‬
‫ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴــﺐ ‪٩٧٠ ، ٨٦٠ ، ٨٢٠ ، ٣٣٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٧‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ PPM١٣٢٠‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٢‬ﻣــﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺭﻳــﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﻤﻴﺖ ﺑــﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻛﺴﻮﻻﺳــﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻣــﺪ‐ ﻣــﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﻛﻤــﻚ ﺣــﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟـــﻮﺋﻦ ﻛـــﻞ ﻣـــﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑـــﻞ ﺍﺳـــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﻮﺟـــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـــــــﺎﻱ‪ N-660 :‬ﺭﺍ ‪ N-351 ،١٣٠٠‬ﺭﺍ ‪، ٨٠٠‬‬
‫‪ N-330‬ﺭﺍ ‪ N-326 ،٢٩٠‬ﺭﺍ‪ N-339 ،٢٥٠‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫‪ N-375 ،١٢٠٠‬ﺭﺍ ‪ ٢١٠٠‬ﻭ ‪ N-427‬ﺭﺍ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﺗﻌﻴــــــﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a‬ﭘﻴـﺮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ /...‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘــﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﻣﺘﻔــﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺑــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ‪B‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗــﻲ ﻧﻴــﺰ ﺻــﺎﺩﻕ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ)ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪١‬ﻭ‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺻــﺮﻑ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺒــﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖﻫــﺎﻱ ﻫــﺮ ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ ‪) PAHs‬ﺑــﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻴـــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨـــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻠـــﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ( ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـــﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴـــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤـــﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈـــﺖ ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ٥‬ﻧـــﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﻨــــﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﺑــــﻮﺩ)‪ .(p<٠/٠٠١‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤــــﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴـــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻛـــﻞ ﻏﻠﻈـــﺖ ﻛﺮﺍﻳـــﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳـﻦ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩ‬
‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻫـﻢ ﻧـﺎﻡ ﺳـﻪ ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻣﻴــﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﻫــﺮ ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﺶ‬
‫‪ PAHs‬ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺷــﺶ ﺁﻻﻳﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑــﺎ‬
‫ﻫــﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴــﻪ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺼــﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺳــﻪ ﻣﻨﺒــﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑــﺎ ﻳﻜــﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔــﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ)‪)(p<٠/٠٠١‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺻــﺮﻑ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛــﻞ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗــﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻫــﺮ ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ‪) PAHs‬ﻏﻴــﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻠــﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ( ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻛــﻞ ‪ PAHs‬ﺗﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨــﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪ .(p<٠/٠٠٠١‬ﺑـــﻴﺶﺗـــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴـــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈـــﺖ‬
‫ﻛ ـﻞ ﺁﻻﻳﻨــﺪﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ‬
‫ﺷـــــــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـــــــﻪ ‪(٣٥٦/٢٨ PPM) A‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘــــــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘــــــﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗــــــﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٩١/١٤ PPM‬ﺍﻧـــﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـــﺮﻱ ﺷـــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴـــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻟــــﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺼــــﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــــﻪ ‪٧٣/٤٤ ،B‬‬
‫‪ PPM‬ﺑﻮﺩ()ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪٦٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤــﺎﻡ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺟــﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺣـﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳـــﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﺘـــﺮ ﻏﺸـــﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻠـــﻲﺗﺘﺮﺍﻓﻠـــﻮﺭﻭﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫)‪ (PTFE‬ﺑــﺎﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﻧــﻪ ‪ ٠/٤٥‬ﻣﻴﻜــﺮﻭﻥ ﺻــﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﻼﻝ )ﺗﻮﻟـﻮﺋﻦ( ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻸ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫــﺮ ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻇــﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻳــﻚ ﻣﻴﻠــﻲﻟﻴﺘــﺮ ﺗﻮﻟــﻮﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺷـﺶ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﻳﻨــﺪﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫــﺮ ﻳــﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳــﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠـــﻮﻝﻫـــﺎ )ﺑﻨـــﺰﻭ)‪(a‬ﭘﻴـــﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻱﺑﻨـــﺰﻭ)‪(a,h‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳــــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳــــﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺍﻳــــﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨــــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻠــﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ( ﻣﻄــﺎﺑﻖ ﺑــﺎ ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ،NIOSH ٥٥١٥‬ﺑــــــــﺎ ﺩﺳــــــــﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ GC-FID‬ﻭ ﺑـــﺎ ﺳـــﺘﻮﻥ ‪ Capilary‬ﻛـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪ‬
‫ﺷــﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺧــﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛــﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑــﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧـــﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـــﺮﻱ ﺷـــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـــﺎ ﺑـــﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻧـ ـﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳــﺎﻧﺲ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳــﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﺁﻣــﺎﺭﻱ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫” ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈــﺖ ﻫــﺮ ﻳــﻚ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻈــﺖﻫــﺎﻱ ﺷــﺶ ﻧــﻮﻉ ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﺭ ﺑــﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻫـــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـــﻒ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـــﻪ ‪ A‬ﺗﻔـ ـﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨـــﻲﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ‪ A‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﺗــﻚﺗــﻚ ‪PAHs‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ﺷــﺶ ﻧــﻮﻉ ‪ PAHs‬ﺑــﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤــﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨــﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻨﺪ)‪ ،(p<٠/٠٠١‬ﺑــﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻴﺶﺗـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ )ﺁﻟـﻮﺩﮔﻲ( ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﻳـﺰﻥ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ /...‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬

‫( ﻭﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ)ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ A,B‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ )ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪-‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪١‬‬
‫ﻳﺎ ‪PPM‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ kg‬ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‪mg‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

‫)ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ( ‪PAHs‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ***‬

‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﻞ‬
‫****ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ‬

‫( ‪a,h‬ﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ *‬

‫ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ‬
‫‪PAHs‬‬

‫‪PAH‬ﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ‬ ‫(ﭘﻴﺮﻥ‪a‬ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‬ ‫**ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ‪s‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪١/٨٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-330‬‬

‫‪A‬ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٩٣/٣٦‬‬ ‫‪١/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٧٠/٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٧‬‬ ‫‪٤/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪٣٣٢/٤٩‬‬

‫‪N-339‬‬
‫‪٣٣١/٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٦/٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٣١٦/٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٥/٦٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٤/٥٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٦‬‬ ‫‪٣/٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٩‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-550‬‬
‫‪٩٩٨/٤٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠/٥‬‬ ‫‪٩٨٤/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/١١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٣‬‬ ‫‪٦/٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٥/٨٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-660‬‬
‫‪١٣/٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪١/١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢١‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٩‬‬ ‫‪٢/٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٢/٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-220‬‬
‫‪١٦/٨٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٧‬‬ ‫‪١١/١٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٣/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-330‬‬

‫‪B‬ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٧٣/٥٦‬‬

‫‪١٧١/٩٨‬‬ ‫‪٨/٠١‬‬ ‫‪١٦١/٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٢‬‬ ‫‪٦/١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-339‬‬
‫‪١١٦/٣٤‬‬ ‫‪٢/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٩٨/١٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٥/٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٥/٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٦/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-550‬‬
‫‪٤٨/٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧١‬‬ ‫‪١٠/١٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥١‬‬ ‫‪١/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٤‬‬ ‫‪١٦/٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣١‬‬ ‫‪٩/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٥/٩٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-660‬‬
‫‪١٦٥/٧٣‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٩‬‬ ‫‪١٥٨/١٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪١/٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪١/٣١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-220‬‬

‫‪I‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ‬
‫‪٩١/١١‬‬

‫‪١٤/٩٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪٤/٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/١١‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٩‬‬ ‫‪٨/١٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪١/٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٣١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-330‬‬
‫‪٩٢/٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٧٨/٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٧‬‬ ‫‪١١/٨١‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٧‬‬ ‫‪٢/٧٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪N-339‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫‪١٥٦/٩٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٦/٨٩‬‬ ‫‪٢/٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٢/٨٤‬‬ ‫‪٢/٢١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ*‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬
 ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ٣‬ﭘﻲﺩﺭﭘﻲ ‪ ،(٣٦‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪١٣٨٤‬‬
‫** ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ (American Standard Testing and Material )ASTM‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫*** ‪(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) PAHs‬‬
‫****ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻱ ‪ B ، A‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ /...‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ‐٢‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ* ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ )‪ ( PAHs‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪B‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪*** A‬‬ ‫‪**PAHs‬‬
‫‪N-339>N-330>N-220‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-330>N-220>N-339>N-550‬‬ ‫‪N-339>N-550>N-330>N-660‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ‬
‫‪N-339>N-330>N-220‬‬ ‫‪N-220>N-660>N-550>N-339>N-330‬‬ ‫‪N-339>N-330>N-550>N-660‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫‪N-339>N-330>N-220‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-330>N-339>N-220>N-550‬‬ ‫‪N-339>N-550>N-660>N-330‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ‬
‫‪N-339>N-220>N-330‬‬ ‫‪N-339>N-550>N-660>N-330>N-220‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-550>N-339>N-330‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ‬
‫‪N-220>N-330>N-339‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-550>N-339>N-330>N-220‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-339>N-550>N-330‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a‬ﭘﻴﺮﻥ‬
‫‪N-220=N-339>N-330‬‬ ‫‪N-550>N-660>N-330>N-220>N-339‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-339>N-550>N-330‬‬ ‫ﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a,h‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫‪N-220>N-339>N-330‬‬ ‫‪N-339>N-550>N-660>N-330>N-220‬‬ ‫‪N-660>N-550>N-339>N-330‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪PAHs‬‬
‫*‪ N-220‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ N-660‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ)‪ (ASTM‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫** ‪) polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻄﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﺍﻱ(‬
‫*** ‪ B ، A‬ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ – ۳‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ‪PAHs‬‬
‫)ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ(‬

‫‪N-330 > N-220 > N-550 > N-660 > N-339‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ‬
‫‪N-550 > N-660 > N-339 > N-220 > N-339‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫‪N-220 > N-550 > N-330 > N-339 > N-660‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ‬
‫‪N-660 > N-550 > N-339 > N-220 > N-330‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ‬
‫‪N-660 > N-550 > N-339 > N-220 > N-330‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a‬ﭘﻴﺮﻥ‬
‫‪N-660 > N-550 > N-339 > N-220 > N-330‬‬ ‫ﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a,h‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫‪N-660 > N-550 > N-339 > N-220 > N-330‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪PAHs‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ – ۴‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ )ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ (B‬ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﯽ)‪ (I‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ‪ PAHs‬ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪N-660‬‬ ‫‪N-550‬‬ ‫‪N-339‬‬ ‫‪N-330‬‬ ‫‪N-220‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫‪B > A‬‬ ‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫‪A > P > I‬‬ ‫‪B > I‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ‬
‫‪B > A‬‬ ‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫‪A > P > I‬‬ ‫‪B > I‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫‪B > A‬‬ ‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫‪A > P > I‬‬ ‫‪B > I‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ‬
‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫‪A > P > I‬‬ ‫‪B > I‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ‬
‫‪B > A‬‬ ‫‪P > A‬‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫‪I > B > A‬‬ ‫‪I > B‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a‬ﭘﻴﺮﻥ‬
‫‪B > A‬‬ ‫‪P > A‬‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫‪B > I >A‬‬ ‫‪I > B‬‬ ‫ﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a,h‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪A > B‬‬ ‫‪B > A >I‬‬ ‫‪I > B > A‬‬ ‫‪B > I‬‬ ‫‪PAHs‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ‪ /...‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ‐ ۵‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﮐﻞ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧﻔــﺖ ﺍﺻــﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ َ)‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ (B‬ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﭘـﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬـﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸـﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫)‪ (I‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ‪ PAHs‬ﻭﺏ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ(‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪A > B > I‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺘﺮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﻗﻄﺒـﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫‪B > A > I‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪B > I > A‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻤــﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻳﻜﺴــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻟــﺬﺍ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪A > B > I‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a‬ﭘﻴﺮﻥ‬
‫‪A > B > I‬‬ ‫ﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻭ)‪(a,h‬ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻣﻴــﺰﺍﻥ ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ‬
‫‪A > I > B‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ‪PAHs‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪ A‬ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫” ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ‪ PAHs‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺠﻤـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ‬
‫‪ PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ‪PAHs‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ (١٩).‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ PAHs‬ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻮﺧﺖ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻟــﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘــﻪ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘــﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴــﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑــﻴﺶﺗــﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴــﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪١٢).‬ﻭ‪١٣‬ﻭ‪١٥‬ﻭ‪١٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٧‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﺑــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻻﻳﻨــﺪﻩﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀــﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻛـﻢﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷـﺶ ‪ PAHs‬ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﺁﻧﺘﺮﺍﺳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﹰﺎ ﻳﻜﺴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫)‪١٦‬ﻭ‪١٧‬ﻭ‪(١٨‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻬﻴــﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﻳﺰﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺩﺭﺑـﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ ﻣﺘﻌــﺪﺩﻱ ﻛــﻪ ﻣــﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﺗﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‪ PAHs‬ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ـ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ A‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻪ ﻗـﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ‪ B‬ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‬
‫ـ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻫـﺮ ﻛـﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ‪ PAHs‬ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻘﻴـﻪ ‪PAHs‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ B‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ـ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﻋﻤـﻞﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫)‪(١٩‬‬
‫ـ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓـــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣـــﺎﻥ ﻧﮕـــﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫـــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫـــﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ‪ PAHs‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺑـﺮﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘـﻲ‬
 ٦١ ١٣٨٤‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬،(٣٦ ‫ )ﭘﻲﺩﺭﭘﻲ‬٣ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬
of carcinogenic risks to humans: printing
processes and printing inks, carbon black
and some nitro compounds. Lyon france,
1996, Vol 65, 149-262
8. IARC (International Agency for Research
on cancer). Monograph on the Evaluation of
the carcinogenic risk for chemical to human.
Lyon france, 1985, Vol 32
9. EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency's). Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS) on Benzo(a)pyrene
benzo(a)pyrene. Available from:
http://www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris on the
Substance File List as of March 15, 2000
10. ACGIH (American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists, TLVs
& BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for
Chemical Substances and Physical Agents
and Biological Exposure Indices for 2002.
Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 2002, 15
11. IARC (International Aquency for
Research on Cancer). Monograph on the
evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of
chemicals to human: polynuclear aromatic
compounds, part2, carbon black, mineral oils
and som nitroarenes. Lyon Frace, 1984, Vol
33
12. Clement ICF.Toxicological profile for
Benzo(a)pyrene. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic
Susbtance and Diseas Research and EPA
(Einvironmental Protection Agency), 1990
13. Hamidqazi A, Carl A Nau .Identification
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons insemi-
rienforsing furnaceblack . Am Ind Hyg
Assoc J 1975; 36: 187-92
14. Falk HL , steiner PE. The identification
of aromatic polyciclic hydrocabons in
carbonblack. Cancer Res 1975, 12: 30-9
15. IARC(International agency for research
on cancer). Monographs on the evaluation
of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬.‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭ‬،‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ‬،‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻞﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
(٧‫ﻭ‬٦‫ﻭ‬٥)
.‫ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬PAHs ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬،‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﺳـﺖ؛ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺗﺮ‬PAHs‫ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬،‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗـﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
(٣‫ﻭ‬٢)
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﮊﺍﻧـﺲ ﺑــﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠــﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺳــﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ‬
‫( ﻭ ﻛﻤﻴﺘــﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘــﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺖ ﺻــﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜــﺎ‬IARC)
‫ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺳـﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ‬٢ ‫( ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ‬ACGIH)
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬
،‫ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬PAHs ‫ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ »ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺷـﻐﻠﻲ« ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻃﺒﻖ »ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬
.‫ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ« ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
: ‫” ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺑــﺮ‬.‫ ﺍﺻــﻴﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺑ ـﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺴــﻦ‬.١
‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬.‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓــﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﺍﺭﺷــﺪ ﺭﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷــﺖ ﺣﺮﻓــﻪﺍﻱ‬
١٣٧٠ ،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬
2. Encylopeadia of Chemical Technology.
1994, l4, 631-46
3. Ullmannos encyclopedia of Industrial
chemistry. 1992, 5th ed, 140-58
4. George S et al. Materials handbook, Sall,
1994; 143-5
5. Encylopedia Americana.1985, V5, 624
6. The new encylopadia Britannica. 1994;
Vol 2, 8515
7. IARC( International Agency for Research
on Cancer). Monographs on the evaluation
 ‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‬/... ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
18. Rivin D Smith RG. Environmental health
aspects of carbon black. Rubber Chem
Technol 1982; 55: 707-61
19. Norbert K, Heinrich B. Determination of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soot by
mass spectrometry with direct sample
insertion. Analytical Chemistry 1983; 55:
2104-6
20. ACGIH (American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists).
Threshold limit values (TLVs) for chemical
substances and physical agents and
biological exposure indices (BEIs) for 1995-
1996. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1995, 17
٦٢
humans: polynuclear aromatic compounds in
carbon blacks, mineral oils and some
nitroarenes. Lyon france, 1984,vol 33, part 2
16. Locati G et all. Identification of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carbon
black with reference to cancerogenic risk in
tire production. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1979;
40: 644-53
17. George T et all. Solvent extracts of
carbon black determinortion of total extract
ables and analysis for benzo(a,g)pyrene. Am
Ind Hyg Assoc J 1980; 41: 619-25