‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻧﺩﺳﯽ ﺷﻳﻣﯽ ﺍﻳﺭﺍﻥ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ‪ :‬ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﭼﻭﺑﺩﺍﺭ‬

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‫‪ -3-3-3‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺳـﺮﺩﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩ ﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼـﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻓـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3-15‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻨﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺑـﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
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‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ‪ -‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﺮّﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬
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‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻦ )ﭘﺮﻩ( ﻣﻲﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﺨﭽﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (doubel-pipe‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﭼﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﺎژﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ) ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻱ( ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨـﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ﻣﺲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻮﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟ ﻪ ﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻮﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
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‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q=ho Ao(to-tos)/ 1‬‬

‫‪Q=(k/x)Am(tos-tis)/1‬‬
‫‪Q=hiAi(tis-ti)/1‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪Q=uoAo (to-ti)/1‬‬
‫‪Q=uiAi(to-ti)/1‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪UiAi & 1 / UoAo‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻭﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﻮﮔﺮﺩ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

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‫ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻭﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬

‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬

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‫ﭼﻴﻠﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻲ‬

Spray Condenser

Water inley.1

Spray .2

Incondensables outlet .3

Inlet of humid vapor .4

Condensates outlet .5