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DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

What is drug addiction? It is a state of periodic or chronic intoxication by the repeated consumption of a drug.
What is drug habituation? It is a condition resulting from a repeated consumption of a drug
What is independence? It is defined as a state arising from repeated administration of a drug on periodic or continuous basis.
What is die term "drug abase?" It is characterized the intention and action of the user, but it does not denote
the untoward consequences that may result from the continuous use of a drug. It is temporary, periodic, or chronic.

Drug abuse refers to any of the following practices:

1. Using drugs and substances for a purpose different from that which the drug has been prescribed.
2. Using drugs without prescription which can after mood and behavior
3. Using drugs and substances from no legitimate medical purposes

What are the characteristics of drug abusers;

1. Irritable, discourteous, defiant and aggressive
2. Untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence
3. Unhealthy and unconcerned with good grooming
4. Low frustration tolerance
5. Lack of interest in studies and work
6. Blame everybody except him/herself fro problems 7Prefer their harkadas where they feel accepted
8. Wear sunglasses, not only to compensate for the eyes inability to adjust to sunlight
9. Makes every effort to cover arms in order to hide needle marks.

What are die common drugs?

Common drugs are depending on their pharmacological effects, it can be classified into four Sedatives, stimulants, Hallucinogens
and Narcotics.

What is a sedatives? It is a drug which reduces anxiety and excitement. Ex. Barbiturates, non barbiturates, tranquilizers and
alcohol.

What is a Stimulants? It is a drug which increases alertness and physical disposition. Ex. Amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.

What is Hallucinogens (Psychedelks)? Drug which affects sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotion. Changes in time and
space perception, delusions, and hallucinations are from mild to overwhelming depending on dose and quality of the drugs. Ex.
LSD, mescaline and marijuana.

What is narcotics? It is a drug that relieve pain and induce sleep. .Ex. Opium and its derivatives such as morphine, codeine,
heroine.

Common drugs with its jargon names, physical symptoms and its dangers.
Amphetamines - it is known as bennies, dexies, co-pilots, wake-ups, heart and pep pills.
Physical symptoms .aggressive behavior, restless, talkativeness, no appetite, insomnia, silliness, irritable Danger: death from
overdose; psychosis and hallucination
Methamphetamines - known as speed, dynamite, stoka
Physical symptoms: Drunkenness, drowsiness, stupor, slurred speech, impaired judgment.
Danger: death from overdose, causes addiction, sever convulsion and death
Barbiturates - known as barbs, downers, red devils yellow jackets, golf balls, rain bows, Christmas trees; blue
Heaven
Physical symptoms: do
Danger: do
Madrax - known as MX, blue max, glue cement, ethyl chloride, acetone, paint thinner; gasoline.
Physical symptoms: Drunk appearance, dreamy or blank impression, numbness of entire body
Danger: Lung/brain/liver damage, temporary blindness, death through suffocation, anemia Heroine:Motga, horse, junk, stuff, dope,
morphine, monkey, miss emma
Codeine: School boys, sweets
Physical symptoms. Drowsiness, needle marks on arms, watering eyes, running nose loss of appetite, neglect of personal hygiene,
lack of sleep
Danger. Death, mental and physical deterioration, hepatitis, tetanus, T.B
Cough Medicine containing codeine and opium)
Physical symptoms: drunk appearance, lack of coordination, confusion, itching
Danger: addiction
Marijuana: Pot, damo, grass, weed, maryjane, tea, joints, reafers, sticks
Physical symptoms: Excessive laughter/giggling, bloodshot, eyes, talkativeness, dilated pupils and increase appetite
Danger: Introduction to the drug culture, brain damage
LSD - 23(acid, cubes, pearly gates, big D, The chief, wedding bells, heavenly blue)
ThisPhysical symptoms:
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Danger: accident due to confusion, psychotic reaction
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 2
What are volatile substances? (Those are inhalants, solvent, aerosols, bases)
Are liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes or any chemical substance which when
sniffed, smelted, inhaled or introduced into the physiological system of the body produce or induce a condition of intoxication,
excitement, dulling the brain or nervous system, depression, giddiness, paralysis or irrational behavior or in any manner change,
distort, or disturb the auditory, visual or mental processes.

What are the trade names of volatile substances? They ate:

Moth ball, hair spray, insecticide, drain cleaner, furniture polish and wax, air freshener, oven cleaner, turpentine, asthma inhalers,
spray paints, bleach paints, lighter fluid, aerosol spray, cooking spray, glue, rugby, thinner, car waxes, acetone, nail polish, plastic
cement, epoxy, gasoline and deodorant paint.

What are die street names of volatile substances? Whippets, poppers, snappers, rush, bolt, bullet.
How i t was taken? Sniffing or inhaled directly through the container or from a bag or by holdinga rag with the substance in the
mouth.
How danger? It causes a permanent damage to the brain or may result in sudden sniffing death.

What is Shabu(Methainphetainine Hydrochloride) It is white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.
Chemically i is known as methamphetamine hydrochloride.

What are the street names? Poor mans cocaine, "S", bato, shabs, ubas, siopao, sha, ice

How it was taken? By inhalation, sniffing, injection or smoked with a small pipe from heated aluminum foil containing the drug.
What are the effects?Anxiety, irritability, irrational behavior, talkativeness, and loss of sell-control.Loss of appetite and inability to
sleep.
How it is dangerous? Paranoia may lead to violent and aggressive behavior, injection from contaminated needles may lead to the
risk of infections, resulting in inflammation of the blood vessels and it may lead to death.
Definition of terms
Administer - the act in introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person with or without his knowledge.
Chemical -it is any substance taken into the body that alters the way and the mind and the body works.
Chemical Abuse - it is an instance when use of chemical has produced negative or harmful consequences.
Chemical diversion - the sale, distribution, supply or transport or legitimately imported, in transit,
manufactured or procured, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted, mixture
Confirmatory test - an analytical test using a device or tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical principal that is
more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.
Controlled delivery - the investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or suspected consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor arid essential chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived directly or indirectly
from any offense, to pass into, through and out of the country under the super vision of an authorized officer, with a view of
gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate of that offense.
Controlled precursors and essential chemicals - are those listed in tables 1 and 11 of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances which is an integral part of RA 9165.
Cultivate or Culture - means the act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing, or raising of any
plant is the source of a dangerous drug.
Drug - traditionally drugs are synthetic chemicals used as medicine or in the making of medicines, which
affects the body and mind and have potential for - abuse. As to its criminological meaning it refers to substances other" than food and
water that is intended to be taken or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling recipient's physical mental or
emotional state.
Dangerous drugs - refers to the broad categories or classes of controlled substances and are generally grouped according to
pharmacological classification, effects and as to their legal criteria. Drug abuse- it is illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drugs.
Drug addiction - it refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a drug.
Drug dependence - it refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence or both on dangerous drugs following the administration
or use of that drug. Who defines it as the periodic, continuous, repeated administration of a drug.
Drug experimenter - one who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic substances fro reasons of curiosity or peer
pressure or other similar reasons.
Drug syndicate - it is a network of illegal drug operations operated and manned carefully by groups of criminals who knowingly
traffic through nefarious trade for personal or group profit.
Deliver - any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or" otherwise, and by any means, with or without
consideration.
Den, dive or resort - a place where any dangerous drug and /or" controlled precursor and essential chemical is administered,
delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed sold or use in any form.
Financier - any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribe under RA
9165.
Illegal drug trafficking - the illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sales, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation, exportation, and possession of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical.
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Manufacture - the production, preparation, compounding or processing a dangerous drug either directly or indirectly or by
extraction from substances of natural origin or by chemical synthesis.
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 Narcotic drug -refers to illegally used drug oi~ dangerous drugs which are either prohibited or regulated drug. It also refers to drug3
that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the
CNS. The term narcotic comes from the Greek word "narcotikos" which means sleep or dream. It is sometimes known as opiates.

Protector/coddler - any person who knowingly and willingly consents to the unlawful acts provided for in RA9165 and uses his or
her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring screening or facilitating the escape of ant person he or she knows or has
reasonable ground to believe on or suspects has violated the provisioOn of RA 9165, in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and
conviction of the violator.
Planting of evidence - the willful act of any person of maliciously and surreptitiously (acting secretly) inserting, placing, adding or
attaching directly or indirectly through any over or covert act, whatever quantity of dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical in the person, house, effect or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating,
incriminating or imputing the commission of any violation of RA 9165.
Physical dependence - an adaptive state cause by repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of intense physical symptoms
when the drug is stopped, (withdrawal syndrome)
Psychological dependence - an attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality
needs of an individual.
Pusher – any person who sells, trades, administer, deliver or give away to another, distribute, transport any dangerous drug.
Rehabilitation - is a dynamic process directed towards the changes of the health of a pet son to prepare him from his fullest life
potentials and capabilities and making him law abiding and productive citizen.
Tolerance - is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect ion the body.
Use - the act of injecting intravenously or intramuscularly of consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing,
drinking or otherwise introducing into the physiological system of the body any of the dangerous drug.

The Drug Abuse Jargons

JARGONS MEANING
Opiate (medicine containing opium) narcotic

On -the-nod suspended sleep

Mainline/to shoot injecting a drug into the vein
A hit slang for injection of a drug
Work apparatus for injecting a drug
A fix one injection of opiate
Juni Heroin
Junkie an opiate addict
Skin popping to inject a drug under the skin
A bap a nocket of drug
Cold turkey withdrawal effects of opiate use
Track scars on the skin due to injection
Overdose death occurred
Speed amphetamine addicts
Speed-freaks amphetamine addicts
Uppers street slang for amphetamines
Rush the beginning of a high
High under the influence of drugs
Coke street slang for cocaine
Flashback drug use after stoppage
Acid slang term for LSD
Acid head LSD user
Drop taking drug orally
Joint a MJ cigar
Roach butt end of a joint
Stoned the intoxicating effect of a drug
Trip reaction that is caused by drugs
Head drug user
Downer street slang for depressant

THE NATURE OfDRUGS

Hundreds of mire chemicals have been developed from plants and put into pills, capsules or liquid medicines. Two Forms
Thisof Drugs
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1.Natural drugs - includes natural plant leaves, flowering tops, resin hashish, opium and marijuana.
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 2. Synthetic/Artificial - includes those drugs that are produced by clandestine laboratories and controlled buy law because they are4
in the medical practice.

Most drugs can be legally purchased only with doctor s written order called PRESCRIPTION.

Prescriptive drugs - these ate drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to allow a purchase. They ate prescribed
according to the individual's age, weight and height and should not be taken by anyone eise. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs - are
non-prescriptive medicines which may be purchased from any pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization a physician.
'Self-medication Syndrome” is found in users and would be users of drugs whose sources of information are people or literature
(magazines) other than doctors, pharmacists and health workers.

HOW DRUG WORKS

Most drugs act within a cell. Rather than on the surface of a cell or in the extra-cellular fluids of the body.When two dtugs
are taken together or within a few hours of each other they may interact with unexpected results. This is one reason a physician
should always knowrthe names of all dtugs one is using.

Doses of Taking Drugs

1. Minimal dose - the amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the smallest amount of a drug that will produce therapeutic effect.
2. Maximal dose - the largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying
symptoms of toxicity.
3. Toxic dose - the amount of drug that will produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning.
4. Abusive, dose - the amount needed to produce the side effects and action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.
5. Lethal dose - the amount of drug that will cause death.

How drug are administered?

Common methods of drug administration are. as follows:
1. Oral - this is the safest and most convenient and economical route whenever possible.
2. Injection -this form of drug administration offers a faster response than the oral method.
3. Inhalation - this route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, which ate inhaled and absorbed rapidly through the mucous of
the respiratory track
4. Topical - this refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the skin and the mucous
Membrane
5. Iontophoresis- the introduction of dtug into the deeper layer of the skin by the use of special type of electric current for local
effect.

Drugs may cause dangerous effects because of any of the following:

1. Overdose - when too much of a dtug is taken into the physiological system of the human body, there may be an over extension
of its effects.
2. Allergy - some dtugs cause the release of histamine giving to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis. Swelling fall in blood
pressure, suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy - it refers to the individual reaction to a dtug, food, etc. for unexplained reasons. Morphine fro example, which
sedates all men, stimulates and renders some women maniacal behaviors.
4. Poisonous property - dtugs are chemicals and some of them have the property of being general protoplasmic (physio-chemical
basis of living matter) poisons.
5. Side effects - some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organs as well. The effects in the other organs
may constitute side effects, which ate most of the time unwanted.

Some Medical uses of drugs:

1. Analgesics - are drugs that relieve pain. However, they may produce the opposite, effects on someday who suffers from peptic
ulcer or gastric irritation.
2. Antibiotics - are dtugs that combat or control infectious organisms. Ingesting the same antibiotics fro a long time can result in
allergic reactions and cause resistance to the drug.
3. Antipyretics - those that van lower body temperature or fever due to infections.
4. Antihistamines -those, that control or combat allergic, reactions. This dtugs causes drowsiness.
5. Contraceptives - drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cell.
6. Decongestant - those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages.
?. Expectorants - those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and the throat.
8. Laxatives - those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel movement.
9. Sedatives and Tranquilizers - are those that can calm and quiet the nerves and relieve anxiety without causing depression and
clouding of the mind.
10. Vitamins - those substance necessary for normal growth and development and proper functioning of the body.

GENERAL HISTORY

The Holy Eible is a very reliable source in tracing the early use and abuse of narcotics. The Book of Judges of the Old Testament
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revealed that the mighty Samson was put to sieep by Dehiah by means of a drug-laced wiiie before the feasting Philistines already

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 "high spirited" with narcotics fluxed with intoxicants. Even in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, which might have led to the5
widespread adultery, bestiality and incest.
Ancient Greek and Roman literature likewise ate replete with stories alluding (pertaining) to drug abuse, as in the lamentable and
tragic romance of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra in desperation over her disprized love drank a narcotic-laden wine before
allowing her to be bitten to death by a poisonous asp (viper) from the Nile River.
Historians credited that marijuana (cannabis saliva Lima) is the world's oldest cultivated plant started by the Incas of Peru (Emperor
of Chief or Natives of Peru). It was also known that marijuana was a "Sacred Tree" in the belief of the Assyrians being used during
religious rituals some 9, 000 years B.C. the use of marijuana is also deeply ingrained in the cultures of many countries such as India,
Jamaica, Morocco, Nepal, Mexico and Pern. The first reference of introduction was in Northern Iran as an intoxicant. And from
there it spread throughout India by the Hindus used for religious rituals in the belief that it is a source of happiness and "Laughter
provoker'.
Hie word "hashis" (resin) of the marijuana plant was derived from the name Hasan or Hashasin, the Muslim cult leader who fled hid
disciples a preparation made from resin of the female plant as a reward for their successful activities in assassinations.
On the other hand, knowledge on the opium poppy plant (PapaverSomniferurn) goes back about 7, 000 years B.C cultivated and
prepared by the Sumerians (people formerly occupying a part of lower Babylonia). Even the ancient Greek Physician Hippocrates,
the father of Medicine, prescribed the juice of the white poppy plant as early as 5, 000 B.C in the belief that it can cute many
illnesses both internal and external. The opium poppy plant was first harvested in Mesopotamia and its use spread throughout the
neighboring Mediterranean areas, then to Asia. From there, it was introduced to Persia, India and China by the Arab came caravans.
Opium use in China was stemmed out from India and became widespread in the 19* century. In an attempt to stop the extremely
high rate of opium addiction in China, Emperor Yung Chen prohibited the smoking of opium and attempted to close potts for its
importation. This triggered the opium war of 1S40 which induced china to accept the British sponsored opium trade and forced to
sign a treaty permitting, the importation of opium into China after her defeat.
It was in 1806 that a German Pharmacist in the name of Friedtieh W. Sertumer discovered Morphine, the fitst derivative of opium.
He called this new drug as "Mcrphmm" and later changedte morphine after Greek god of dream, Morpheus. This was the first
attempt to cure opium addiction. But morphine addictive properties came to prominence during the American Civil War vast
numbers of American Soldiers became addicted to the drug - so much that morphine addiction became known as "Soldiers Disease 1'
The second attempt of treating opium and morphine addiction started in 1896 when Heroin (Diacetylmorphine) synthesized from the
drug morphine was discovered,by a British Chemist in the name of Alder Wright. It was called the "miracle drug" because it is
believed that it can cure both opium and morphine addiction. It was named after the word "hero" due to its impressive power. But it
turns out later that heroin is the most addictive of all drugs.
Meanwhile, Codeine, the 3rd derivative of opium was discovered in France while in the process of discovering other drugs that could
cure opium, morphine and heroin addiction but it also ended in the same tragic result. Today it is widely used as an ingredient in
most cough syrup.

History of drug abuser in the Philippines

Opium was known to be the practice of Chinese settler in the Philippines in the 16 th Century. In the 19 &century, the Americans
occupied the country and came up with an Opium Policy to eradicate the use of opium. During the Japanese occupation in 1942,
opiate addicts underwent 3 year abstinence because of cutting off Indian and Chinese opium supply routes. In 1930-1959, number of
opium addict was lowest in Asia. One (1) out of 30, 000 population mostly Chinese, was an opium addict 90% of these arrested were
Chinese. In 1935, Marijuana which was not among the original Philippine flora was introduced in Pasay City,by Americans to
produce Marijuana cigarettes. On January 8, 1959, the first Marijuana raid was conducted in Pasay City but, marijuana has reached
the countryside and was cultivated widely all over the country. In 1963, a new trend appeared, 65% of these arrested were Filipinos.
In the 1970's, Chinese addiction was on the wane. Filipino drug users tried the whole spectrum of drugs from marijuana to heroin
with preference fro depressant drugs. On . March 30, 1972, His Excellency Ferdinand Marcos, signed into lawE_A 6425 known as
the Dangerous Drug ?

amended. Methamphetaffline Hydrochloride commonly known as Shabu is the most popular drug abuse today. Intelligence
information indicate that this is mainly manufactured and produced in China and smuggled into the country either directly from the
source or through. Hong Kong and Taiwan as transshipment points.Binondo based syndicates of Chinese origin who maintain their
sources in the mainland.

Drug Trafficking

The First Important Drug Traffic Route

First in the Middle East (discovery, plantation, cultivation and harvest) then moved to Turkey in preparation for distribution
and then to Europe for manufacturing, synthesizing, and refining and the last route to the United States' for marketing.
It is noted that plants such as the opium poppy, as sources of dangerous drugs are cultivated and harvested mostly in the
areas of Middle East while Europe became the center fro Aug manufacture and synthesis. United States became the overall center
for drug marketing.

Second Major drug Traffic Route

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Afghanistan, Pakistan and India compose the Golden Crescent.
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 In South East Asia - the Golden Triangle approximately produced 60% of opium in the world, 90% of opium in the eastern6
part of Asia.
In South west Asia - the golden Crescent is the major supplier of opium poppy, MJ and Heroin products in the western part of Asia.
It produces at least 85% to 9G% of all illicit heroin channeled in the underworld market.

The World's Drug Scene

Middle East - the Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of Cannabis in the Middle East. Lebanon also
became the transit country for- cocaine from South America to European illicit drug markets.
Spain - is known as the major transshipment point fro international Drug traffickers in Europe and became the "paradise of drug
users in Europe"
South America - Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Panama are the principal sources of cocaine supply in the world due to the robust
production of the coca plants, the source of the cocaine drug.
Mexico - is known in the world to be the number one producer of marijuana (cannabis salivalima).
Philippines - second to Mexico as to the production of Marijuana. It also became the major transshipment point for the worldwide
distribution of illegal drugs particularly shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and South America. It is also noted that Philippines today is
known as the "Paradise of drug abusers in Asia"

India - is the center of the world's drug map, leading to rapid addiction among its people. Indonesia - Northern Sumatra has
traditionally been main cannabis growing area in Indonesia. Bali, Indonesia is an important transit point fro drugs en route to
Australia and New Zealand.
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand - is the most favorable sites of drug distribution from the ''Golden Triangle" and other parts of
Asia.
China - is the transit route of heroin from the Golden Triangle to Hong Kong. It is also the country where the "epedra" plant is
cultivated- source of the drug ephedrine - the principal chemical fro producing the Aug shabu.
Hong Kong - the world's transshipment point of all forms of heroin.
Japan - became the major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the United States and Europe.

The Organized Crime Groups behind the Global Drug Scene

The Colombian Medellin (NW City of Colombia) Cartel

Founded during the 1980's by Colombian Aug lords in the name of Pablo Escobar Gaviria and Aug bosses Jose Gonzalo
Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons Juan David and the Ochoa brothers.
The Medellin Cartel is reputedly responsible for organizing world's drug trafficking netwotk. The Colombian government succeeded
in containing the Medellon cartel, which resulted in the death, surrender, and arrest of the people behind the organization. This
further resulted to the disbandment of the Cartel led to its downfall.

The Cali (City in Western Colombia) Cartel

The downfall of the Colombian Medellin is the rise of the Cali Cartel - the newly emerged cocaine monopoly, Gilberto
Rodriguez Orajuela - better known as Don Chepe - the chess player heads the syndicated organization. Under him, the Cali Cartel
was considered the most powerful criminal organization in the world.
The Cartel produces ov« %% e£ cocaine in fee world. Due to this, it was called the best and the brightest of the modern
underworld. They are professionals of the highest order, intelligent, efficient, imaginative and nearly impenetrable - according to US
Drug Enforcement Agency.

The Chinese Triad

The Chinese Triad also called the Chinese mafia is the oldest and biggest criminal organization in the world. It is believed
to be the controller of Golden Triangle with international connections on drug trafficking.

Drug Syndicates in die Philippines

The Binondo-based Chinese syndicate has been identified as the nucleus of the Triad Society the bamboo gang based in
Taiwan and the 14K based in Hong Kong. The Bamboo Gang is the influence of the Green gang of the Chinese Triad while the 14K
is the newest among the triad families established only in 1947.
The Filipino-Chinese drug syndicates are groups responsible in smuggling shabu into the country. Most drug couriers use
Hong Kong and Taiwan as their embarkation point for the Philippines.
The most common modus operandi by the syndicates - posing as fishermen along Philippine seas, particularly, the northern
provinces of Luzon such as La Union, Ilocos and Pangasinan where they drop their loads of shabu to shoreline besed members.

General Drug Classification

a. According to Effects
1. Depressants - are group of drugs that has the effect depressing the CNS.
2. Stimulants - are group of drugs having the effect of stimulating the CNS
3. Hallucinogens - refers to the group of drugs that are considered to be mind altering drugs and give the general
effect of mood distortion.
b. According to Medical Pharmacology
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1. Depressants
2. Narcotics
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 3. Tranquilizers 7
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvent/Inhalants
c According to Legal Categories
1. Prohibited drugs
a. Narcotics - refers to the group of the drug opium and its derivatives, morphine, Heroine, Codeine, etc,
b. Stimulants - refers to the group of drug Cocaine, Alpha and Beta Eucaine, Etc.
c. Hallucinogens - refers to the group of drugs like marijuana, LSD, Mescaline, Etc.
2. Regulated Drugs
a. Barbiturates - refers to the group of depressant drug known as Veronal like luminal, amytal,
Nembutal, surital. busitol, penthontal, Seconal, etc.
b. Hypnotics - are group of drug cocaine, alpha and Beta eucaine. Etc.
c. Amphetamines - are group of stimulant drugs like Benzedrine, Dexedrine, methedrinepreludin, etc.
3. Volatile substance (PD 1619)
The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property of releasing toxic vapors or fumes
which when sniffed, smelled, inhaled or introduced into the physiological system of the body produces or" induces
a condition of intoxication, excitement or dulling of the brain or nervous svstem. Examples of this drug are glue,
gasoline, kerosene, ether, thinner, lacquer, etc.

Classification of Dangerous Drugs

According to effects
A. Depressants (downers)
1. Narcotics - are drugs which relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor when introduced to the body.
2. Opium - derived from a poppy plant - papaversomniferum. A plant that can grow from 3 to 6 ft. in height originally in
Mesopotamia. Its active ingredients is meconic acid - the analgesic property.
3. Morphine- effective as a painkiller Six times potent than Opium, Willi a llgliuepeiideiiee. Morphine exerts action characterized
by analgesia, drowsiness, mood changes and mental clouding.
4. Heroin - is three to five times powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most addicting opium derivative. With
continued use addiction occurs within 14 days. It may be sniffed or swallowed but it is usually injected in the veins.
5. Codeine - a derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough preparations.
6. Paregoric - a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly used as a household remedy for diarrhea and
abdominal pain.
7. Demerol and Methadone - commonly synthetic drugs with morphine like effects used as a painkiller in childbirth with
methadone is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin dependents since it relieves the physical craving fro heroin.
8. Barbiturates - are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental stress and insomnia. They are also of
value in the treatment of epilepsy and hypertension.
9. Seconal - commonly used among the hospitality girls.
10. Tranquilizers - are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They are used in the treatment of nervous state and some
mental disorders without producing sleep.
11. Volatile solvent -gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as gas, teardrops.
12. Alcohol - the king of all drugs with potential fro abuse.

B. Stimulants (Uppers)
1. Amphetamines - used medically fro weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and
treatment.
2. Cocaine - the drug taken from the coca bush plant (erythroxylon coca) grows in South America. It can be taken orally, injected or
sniffed as to achieve euphoria (physical comfort) or an intense feeling of highness.
3. Caffeine - it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and some wake up pills.
4. Shabu or "poor man's cocaine" - chemically known as methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is a central nervous system
stimulant and sometimes called upper or speed.
5. Nicotine - an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulant of the CNS.

C. Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)
1. Marijuana - it is the most commonly abused hallucinogens in the Philippines because it can be grown extensively in the country
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - is the most powerful of the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye
kernels. LSD is 1, 000 times mere powerful than marijuana as supply, large enough fro a trip can be taken from the glue on the flab
of the envelope, from the page of the postage stamp or from the hidden areas inside one's clothes.
3. Mescaline - it is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the laboratory.
4. Psilocybin - hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians today.
5. Morning dory seeds - the black and brown seeds of the wild tropical morning glory that are used to produce hallucinations.
6. STP - it is a take off on the motor oil addictive. It is a chemical derivative of mescaline claimed to produce more violent and
longer effects than mescaline dose.

ThisCommonly Abused
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1. sedatives
2. stimulants
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 3. hallucinogens 8
4. Narcotics

The Three Most Popular Plants as Sources of Dangerous Drugs

A. The Marijuana Plant

The term marijuana is a Spanish- Mexican term used to refer to the Indian hemp plant. It is a plant that grows in tropical
region and attains an approximate height of 15 to 20 feet. Scientifically named as Cannabis Sativa Lima and a member of the
Cannabinaeae family of plants having a sexual differentiation of being dioucious (separate male and female plant). The female plant
is known as the pistillate (shorter but long lived). While the male plant is called the Statninate (taller but short lived). It leaves
fromed a finger like look - add in numbers from 3 to 13 fingerlike leaves. The stalk of the plant can attain a height of 3 to 16 feet
while roots can attain a length of approximately 8 inches. The resin is called hashish can be found on the most top portion of the
female plant. The active ingredient or alkaloid of the plant is called Cannbin, the one that produces the physiological effect. Or the
Tetrahydrocannbinnol (THC) - the concentrated alkaloid which is 5 to 20 times stronger that the plain marijuana plant. The means of
using the drug varies from ingestion to smoking.

B. The Opium Poppy Plant

The Opium Poppy plant is scientifically, known as PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM. The word papaver is a Greek term which
means poppy while the word somniferum is a Latin term which means dream/induced sleep. The plant can grow from 3 to 6 feet in
height originally in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians called it as Hul Gil which means, plant of joy due to its joyful effect when
administered. Its active ingredient is the Meconic Acid - the analgesic property. The dangerous drugs that can be derived from the
plant are morphine, heroine and codeine.

C. The Coca Bush Plant

The Coca Bush plant is schematically known as ERYTHROXYLON COCA common in South America. The plant grows in
mountainous and tropical climate areas, on clay like soil. A fully grown cultivated coca plant attains a height of 6 to 8 feet and can
be harvested 3 to 4 times in a year-. The dangerous drug that can be produced from this plant is the drug Cocaine - the most powerful
natural stimulant known as Cocaine Hydrochloride.

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