BASIC FIRE FIGHTING

2ND DAY

CAPTAIN AHMED ISMAIL

 TODAY'S OUTLINE
• Fire fighting fixed instillations
1. Fire Water Mains
2. Sprinkler System
3. CO2 System
4. Foam System
• Fire Control Plans
• Practical Session
Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 2
 FIRE TRIANGLE

solid
OXYGEN FUEL
‫اوكسجين‬ ‫المادة‬
liquid
NOT LESS THAN
CONCENTRATION 16 %
OF OXYGEN IN AIR TO
START A FIRE AND
HEAT / source of
gas
SUPPORT
ignition
11% oxygen
Capt. Ahmed Ismail is enough ‫الحرارة‬/‫مصدر اشتعال‬ 25/08/2021 12:03 3

in case of flammable liq.

 FIRE TETRAHEDRON ‫هرم الحريق‬

Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 4

 Fire Extinguishing
Smothering Starving
or
Isolation

5
Capt. Ahmed Ismail
Cooling 25/08/2021 12:03
 FIRE SPREAD

• Conduction
• Radiation
• Convection

Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 6

 FIRE SPREAD
• Conduction: it's the
transfer of heat through a
solid body, metals are good
conductors for heats while
wood for example is poor
conductor, fire can move
from deck to another, hold to
another via heat conduction.

7
Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03
 COMBUSTION AND FIRE
◼ Radiation: is the transfer ◼ Convection: is the
of heat from source transfer of heat
across an inventing space, through the motion of
heated matters such as
smoke, hot air, heated
gases and flying
embers.

Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 8

Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 9
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

• FIRE IS CLASSIFIED BY THE TYPE OF FUEL THEY BURN

THER ARE 2 STANDARD FOR FIRE CLASSIFICATION :

1. NFPA 10 / NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

2. ISO STANDARD 3941 / INTERNATIONAL ORG FOR STANDARDIZATION

REF. A.951(23)
Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 10
 FIRES CLASSIFICATION
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION NFPA 10
ASSOCIATION

Class A: result from ordinary combustible materials, including wood, cloth, paper, and many plastics.

Class B: burn in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, oils, alcohols, and flammable gases.

Class C: involve energized electrical equipment.

Class D: fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.

Class K: fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media, such as vegetable or animal oils and fats.

Read more at the ANSI Blog: NFPA 10-2018: FIRE CLASSIFICATION

Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 11

FIRE CLASSIFICATION & EXTINGUISH AGENT NFPA 10
Class Materials Extinguish agent
Common combustible material 1. Water
such as: 2. Co2
Class A wood, Cloth, paper, 3. Dry chemical powder
rubber, plastics...etc.
Flammable liquids and 1. Foam
gases 2. Co2
Class B 3. Dry chemical powder
4. Water spray

Class C Electrical equipment 1. Co2

Class D Combustible metals 1. Dry powder
8/25/2021 12
FIXED FIRE FIGHTING
INSTALLATIONS
 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
• All Ships and Mobile
Offshore Drilling Unit
(MODU) shall be
Provided with Fire
Pumps, Fire Mains,
Hydrants, Hoses and
Nozzles
 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
• Heat Resistance Material
• Accessible
• Avoid the possibility of freezing
• Drainage provisions
• Effective distribution
• Protected
• Isolating valves
• Relief valves
 Fire line
Eng. Room

SINGLE LINE

Main Fire
Pump
25/08/2021
 Capt.
17 25/08/2021 Ehab
Etman
 FIRE LINE

En. Room

LOOP LINE

Main Fire
Pump
18 25/08/2021
 Capt.
19 25/08/2021 Ehab
Etman
 DIAMETER OF FIRE MAINS
• The diameter of the fire main and
water service pipes shall be sufficient
for the effective distribution of the
maximum required discharge from
two fire pumps operating
simultaneously,
FIRE HYDRANT (VALVE) ON DECK
 NUMBER AND POSITION OF
HYDRANTS
• The number and position of hydrants
shall be at least two jets of water not
emanating from the same hydrant, one
of which shall be from a single length
of hose, may reach any part of the ship
normally accessible
 NUMBER AND POSITION OF
HYDRANTS
• At least 2 jets of water , not from same hydrant, from single length of
hose , reach any part normally accessible by crew

This area covered by

Hydrants 3 & 4
 FIRE PUMPS
• Two independently powered pumps must be
provided in all cargo ships of 1000 tons gross
and over and in passenger ships of less than
4000 tons gross. Larger passenger vessels and
passenger ferries must have three such pumps.
The pumps are fitted with non-return valves if
they are of the centrifugal type, to prevent loss
of water back through open valves when not
running.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF COUPLINGS

• TYPES OF COUPLINGS:
• STARZ
• NAKAJIMA
• J.MORRIS
• AND MORE…..
INTERNATIONAL SHORE
CONNECTION
 INTERNATIONAL SHORE CONNECTION

SOLAS CH. II-2 PART C, REGULATION 10.2

 Standard dimensions
Description Dimension
Outside diameter 178 mm
Inside diameter 64 mm
Bolt circle 132 mm
diameter
Slots in flange 4 holes 19 mm in diameter spaced
equidistantly on a bolt circle of the above
diameter, slotted to the flange periphery

Flange thickness 14.5 mm minimum

25/08/2021 29
Bolts and nuts 4 each of 16 mm diameter, 50 mm in length
 FIRE HOSES
• Fire hoses to be made of non-perishable
material
• Each hose shall be provided with a nozzle
and the necessary couplings
• At least 10 m in length and provided with a
nozzle and necessary couplings.
 FIRE HOSES
• For handling considerations, the
maximum lengths are
➢15 m in machinery spaces
➢20 m in other spaces and open decks,
➢25m for open decks on ships with a maximum
breadth of over 30m
 FIRE HOSES
• They should not be used for routine
purposes, such as washing down decks,
where they can be subject to abrasion and
contamination by oil, paint, caustic
substances and solvents.
• Hydrant valves should be opened slowly to
avoid sudden pressure shocks
 FIRE HOSES
• Fire hoses should be regularly
examined and any moving parts of
fittings kept lubricated. Washers should
be correctly seated and replaced it they
have deteriorated
 FIRE NOZZLES

• standard nozzle sizes shall be 12 mm, 16

mm and 19 mm or as near thereto as
possible..
• Nozzles shall be of an approved dual-
purpose type (i.e., spray/jet type)
incorporating a shutoff.
WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
 WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• The sprinkler system is an automatic
fire detecting, alarm and
extinguishing system which is
constantly on guard to deal quickly &
effectively with the outbreak of fire
that may occur in accommodations
and other spaces.
 HOW ITS WORKS
• This system consists of a pressure water
tank with water pipes leading to various
places in the compartments. These
water pipes consist of sprinkler head
which comes in operation when there is
an outbreak of fire.
 HOW ITS WORKS
• The sprinkler heads are grouped into
different sections with not more than
200 sprinkler head in each section.
Moreover, each section has its own
alarm system which gives alarm on
operation.
 HOW ITS WORKS
• Each sprinkler head covers a deck
area of 16 m2 and the flow of water
in each one of them should be at least
5 litters/minute as per the
regulation of SOLAS.
 HOW ITS WORKS
• When the sprinkler head bursts and comes into operation, the non return valve in
the line opens and water starts flowing. Due to this flow there is a drop of pressure
in the line and the alarm activates for the particular section, indicating fire in the
section.

• This system is also connected to sea water pump which can supply water to the
system in case the water in the pressure tank is used up.

• Various alarms and pressure switches are provided in the system for maintenance
and check of alarms and activation of sea water pump by isolating the system.
 Fire Fighting Fixed
Instillations

Water Sprinkler System ( Automatic)

41 August 21
 Fire Fighting Fixed
Instillations
Alarm
Water Sprinkler System ( Automatic)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Air
FW
Capt.
42 August 21 Ehab
Etman
 TEMP. SENSITIVE GLASS BULB
• The sprinkler head consists of a
quartzoid bulb which bursts when the
temperature increases beyond the
limit and the water starts flowing from
the sprinkler head. These quartzoid
bulbs are colour coded in Red,
Yellow, Green & Blue.
• RED = 68℃ YELLOW = 79℃
• GREEN = 93℃ BLUE = 141℃
 Fire Fighting Fixed
Instillations

Water Sprinkler System (Manual)

8 6 4 2
1
10
9 7 5 3
45 August 21
CO2 FLOODING SYSTEM
 CO2 FLOODING SYSTEM
• It consist of several CO2 cylinders located in a
separate room, called CO2 room. These bottles
contain CO2 in liquid state.
• CO2 from the bottles directed via common
manifold, main valve and distribution pipe lines to
nozzles through which it is released to the
protected space for fire extinction. Due to safety
reasons, the CO2 flooding system is manually
released from a release cabinet located outside
the protected space.
EXPLANATION OF CO2 FLOODING
SYSTEM
 25/08/2021

50 Capt. Ehab Etman

 TIME DELAY UNIT IN CO2 FLOODING
SYSTEM
• CO2 from the pilot bottles in release cabinet reaches main CO2 bottle
head assembly through a time delay unit. Function of this time delay
unit is to delay the supply of CO2 to the head assembly for 60 – 90
seconds. In other words, when valve 2 in the release cabinet is opened,
CO2 reaches only after 60 to 90 seconds to the head assembly.
 WHY CO2 IS USED?
• When applied to a fire, CO2 provides a
heavy blanket of gas that reduces the
oxygen level to a point where
combustion cannot occur. Since carbon
dioxide is a gas, there is no clean up
associated with a system discharge.
HOW MANY CYLINDERS SHOUD
RELEASE!!!

30 30 33 40

50
40 50 50
 HOW MANY CYLINDERS USED
• The volume of free carbon dioxide shall
be calculated at 0.56 cubic meters/kg.
 THERE ARE SEVERAL ADVANTAGES FOR THE
CO2 AS A FIRE FIGHTING MEDIUM. THEY ARE:

• Density is 1.5 times higher than air.

So CO2 settles down and displaces air.
• It can be easily liquefied and bottled.
• 20% – 30% CO2 concentration extinguishes fire by smothering
• Non-corrosive
• Non- conductor of electricity
• No residues left after application
• No deterioration with age
THERE ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES
ALSO, SUCH AS:
• CO2 is highly asphyxiating. 9% concentration
causes unconsciousness within minutes
• Very little cooling effect. So there is danger of
re-ignition.
• When discharged, solid CO2 particles present
and generate sufficient static electricity to
produce spark.
 THE AIM IS
• Clear the space of personnel

• Shut off supplies of air and

fuel

• Inject the gas as quickly as

practical
FOAM SYSTEMS
FOAM SYSTEMS
FOAM SYSTEMS
FOAM SYSTEMS
 Any Queries?

Thanks for your aTTenTion …

Captain Ahmed Ismail

Capt. Ahmed Ismail 25/08/2021 12:03 63