FIRE

SAFETY
Abacan, Elaine A.
Adame, Clemence Daniel P.
Aguila, Jude S.
Angeles, Angelica Mae S.
Anglo, Frances Lorraine E.
CE 3201- Group 1
 FIRE
SAFETY
OUTLINE:

• Stages of Fire
• Classification of Fire
• Part and Classification of Fire Extinguisher
• Rule 1940 Fire Protection and Control”
• Fire Related Accidents
 FIRE
SAFETY
Learning Objectives:
•To acquire basic knowledge about the behavior of
fire.
•To be familiarized on the usage of fire
extinguishers and their classifications.
•To understand the technicalities of fire safety and
control in accordance to OSH Standard
M
ICE BREAKER: MYTH and FACT

“Fire doesn’t
YT spread very
quickly.”
FA Even a small flame can spread
quickly and turn into a massive fire
in under minutes, especially if there
are flammable materials around.

CT
Once a fire begins to spread, there’s
no slowing it down until it’s
completely distinguished.
COMPONENTS OF FIRE
THE FIRE TRIANGLE
● HEAT

A heat source is responsible for the initial ignition

of fire, and is also needed to maintain the fire and
enable it to spread.
• FUEL

Fuel is any kind of combustible material. It’s characterized

by its moisture content, size, shape, quantity and the
arrangement in which it is spread over the landscape.
 ● OXYGEN

When fuel burns, it reacts with oxygen from the surrounding

air, releasing heat and generating combustion products (gases,
smoke, embers, etc.). This process is known as oxidation.
FIRE TETRAHEDRON

An alternative to fire triangle. The

fire tetrahedron adds another
element to the fire, which is
chemical reaction. Fires involving
metals such as titanium, lithium
and magnesium have a chemical
reaction that requires a different
approach for firefighters.
STAGES OF FIRE
 It is the shortest stage of the fire,
where the flames spread This is the hottest phase of a fire
exponentially. and the most dangerous.

Usually the longest stage

and it often takes weeks to
fully extinguish

This first stage begins when heat,

oxygen and a fuel source
combine.
CLASSIFICATION OF
FIRE
 A
CLASS A
Most common type of fire.

Involves ordinary combustible or fibrous

materials such as wood, paper, cloth, trash, or
plastic.

Easiest to put out.

 B
CLASS B

Fires involve flammable or combustible liquids

such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint,
thinners and propane.

Should be extinguished using foam, powder, or

carbon dioxide extinguishers
 C
CLASS C

• Fires involve electrical equipment or a source of

electricity.

• Do not try to put out an electrical fire with a

water or foam extinguisher, as both of those
materials can conduct electricity and make the
situation more dangerous.
 D
CLASS D
Fires are rare, but can happen when a metal
ignites.

Rare outside of laboratories and industrial settings

because it takes high levels of heat to ignite most
metals.
 KKK
CLASS K

Fire involves combustible cooking fluids such

as oils and fats.

Extinguish a Class K fire with a wet chemical

extinguisher.
M
ICE BREAKER: MYTH and FACT

“When there’s a

YT fire, the flames

cause the most
casualties.”
FA
The majority of fire related deaths
are actually due to the smoke.
Smoke from a fire can be toxic
because of the carbon monoxide,
which can spread throughout the
entire building within minutes. The

CT
smoke from the fire can cause
people to choke or become
disoriented after they breathe it in.
RULE 1940: FIRE PROTECTION AND
CONTROL
1941: GENERAL PROVISIONS

All buildings for occupancy used shall be in areas provided

for by applicable zoning regulations of the locality. Standards in
design and construction shall be prescribed by the Building Code
of the Philippines and fire tests and fire protection equipment
shall be provided for the Fire Code of the Philippines.
 1943: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND
FACILITIES
1943.01 Types of Building Construction

OCCUPANCY HAZARDS
TYPE OF
CONSTRUCTION
LOW MODERATE HIGH

Wood-Frame 3-Storeys 2-Storeys 1-Storeys

Slow-Burning 7-Storeys 6-Storeys 4-Storeys
Fire Resistant No Limit No Limit 5-Storeys

Table 1: Occupancy Hazards

1943.03 Exits

There shall be at least two (2) exits

provided in every floor including the
basement of every workplace capable of
clearing the work area in five (5) minutes.
In addition, continuous and unobstructed
passageways connected to the exits, with a
minimum width of at least one meter shall
be provided and maintained
1943.04 Stairways
Stairs, platforms, stairways and landings in any buildings over
three (3) stories shall be constructed in incombustible materials
and stairways used as fire exits shall lead directly to the street or
through fire resistant passage.

1943.05 Fire Doors

Doors giving access to stairways
shall not open directly on stairs but
shall open on landings leaving a path of
travel equal to at least the width of the
door at any point during its swing.
1944: FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES
1944.02: Water Supply

Where connection from a public water supply system is not

available, an adequate private water supply reservoir capable of
supplying all firefighting systems for eight (8) hours shall be provided.
1944.03: Hydrants
Hydrants shall be of the same types and sizes as
those used by the local public fire department and
located or protected so that they will not be exposed
to mechanical damage from vehicles.
1944.04: Hose
Hose couplings, outside hydrants or standing nipples shall be of the
same type and size as those used by the local public fire department.
Hose shall be thoroughly drained and dried after each use and tested at
frequent intervals or at least once every four (4) months.
1944.05 Portable Extinguisher
All places of employment shall be provided with fully charged,
operable condition and portable fire extinguishers for protection
against incipient fires. It shall be installed on hangers or brackets
located in unobstructed and readily accessible areas. On the place
where extinguishers are located, the type and use of the
extinguishers and instructions on its proper use shall be marked in
visible and easily readable letters.
1945: FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

This requirement shall apply to liquids with a flash point of not more
than 93.3° Celsius and also liquids that have properties of lower flash
points.

1945.01: Tank Storage

Tanks used for storing flammable and combustible liquids (FCL)

shall be made of steel or other materials as long as they are non-
combustible, wherever they are located.
1945.02: Design and Fabrication

All designs and fabrications in construction and installation of tanks

will be provided by API and ASME, and plans shall be approved and
supervised by the Bureau.

1945.03: Installation of Outside Tanks

Every above ground tank for storage of FCL shall be located in

places appropriate for them.
1945.04: Drainage, Dikes and Walls of the Above Ground Tanks

Drainage shall be provided with a volumetric capacity

capturing the entire contents of the largest tank’s liquid so that any
discharge may be safely contained and will prevent further damage
to any property or waterways near to it. Otherwise, authorized
representative may waive or suspend this provision.
1945.05: Installation of Tanks inside the Buildings
Tanks shall not be installed inside buildings except service or
supply tanks with a capacity of not more than six (6) gals.

1945.06: Installation of Underground Tanks

If the tank storing liquids having flash points below 37.770C
(1000F), it can be installed with a distance of not less than 30.50 cm.
(1 ft.) to the nearest wall of the building or in the property line, not less
than 91.50 cm. (3 ft.). If above the said flash points, the distance to
any nearest building or property line shall not be less than 30.50 cm.
(1 ft.).
1945.07: Service Stations
There shall be only a maximum of three tanks in one service
station containing 6,000 gallons per tank and a total aggregate of 18,000
gallons. Above ground tanks used in automotive stations shall be as
provided in Rule 1945.05.

1945.08: Processing and Bulk Plants

All buildings, installations and operations in processing and bulk plants
shall be as provided in Rule 1160 and the Philippine Electrical Code.
1945.09: Other Installations

All other tanks installed not in conformity with this Rule shall
reduce their contents to comply with the distance requirements.
Those to be installed shall be with the prior approval of the
Department.
M
ICE BREAKER: MYTH and FACT

“Non-residential

YT fires lead to more

casualties than
residential fires.”
FA
Residential fires result in the most
fire related damages, injuries, and
deaths. That’s why fire protection is
an important part of both your home
and business, especially in the
kitchen. This is also why fire drills

CT
and education is such an important
part of any household or company.
1946. COMBUSTIBLE SOLIDS
1946.01: Nitrate Motion Picture Films

All rooms that store NMPF must be made of fire-resistant

materials, have explosive vents and a floor-to-ceiling partition that are
securely anchored to walls, floor and ceilings. with NMPF. Artificial
illuminations are restricted to incandescent or fluorescent electric
lights, and light fixtures must be firmly set to place.
1946.02: Pyroxylin Plastics
Fabrication buildings for pyroxylin plastics shall have adequate aisle
space and at least two exits remote form each other. All plastics should
be not less than one meter from heating apparatuses, and not within six
meters from any manufacturing pieces; and any equipment with ignition
sources is prohibited in the room for storage.
1946.03: Magnesium
The magnesium must be free of any urnings, chips, and sawdust.

1946.04: Titanium
Containers of titanium tetrachloride, and supplies shall be
stored in a cool, well-ventilated dry place and shall be labeled
plainly.
1946.05: Zirconium
Periodic cleaning, collection of dust at the point of
operation and removal of dust and fine scrap from the premises
shall be considered important steps in any fire prevention
program. Machining operations shall be conducted under
controlled conditions.
1947. Electrical Installation

All electrical installations shall be in accordance with the

provisions of Rule 1210, Electrical Safety, of the Occupational Safety
and Health Standards (1989). Emergency lighting systems shall be
provided to automatically light emergency exits in case of failure of the
main electrical power line.
 1948. Alarm Systems and Fire Drills
Sounding Devices
Fire alarm systems that are clearly audible to all
persons shall be installed in a building with two or
more stories and fire stations must be accessible
and in the natural path of time.

For low hazard location, alarm boxes shall be

provided on every floor and located such that the
travel to reach a station is not more than thirty
(30) meters and sixty-one (61) meters for
industrial and commercial establishments and for
business establishments, respectively.
Fire Fighting Drills
Every place of employment shall organize a fire brigade to deal with
fires and other related emergencies. The members of the fire brigade
shall be physically qualified for the job and properly trained on
firefighting use of hose, line, ventilation of buildings, salvage operations,
rescue operations, first aid, and other related activities.
Fire Exit Drills

Fire exit drills shall be regulated at least twice a year, unless the
department of local fire department requires more frequency of fire drills.
When two or more establishments occupy a building, fire exit drills shall
be planned as if there is only one (1) establishment. The fire exit training
of regular employees involves proper procedure to direct other occupants
to safety in buildings where the population is of a changing character.
M
ICE BREAKER: MYTH and FACT

“All fire
YT extinguishers are
the same”
FA Fire extinguisher have different
classification that is helpful for
different kinds of fire. It is not a

CT
one-size-fits-all type of thing.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Fire extinguishers are

labeled so that users can quickly
identify the classes of fire on
which the extinguisher will be
effective. The marking system
combines pictographs of both
recommended and unacceptable
extinguisher types on a single
identification label.
CLASS TYPES OF MATERIAL EXTINGUSIHING AGENTS
Class A Ordinary combustibles, Water, aqueous film-forming foam, multi-purpose dry
wood, paper chemical (ammonium-phosphate), halogenated agents

Class B Flammable and combustible Carbon dioxide, aqueous film-forming foam, multi-
liquids, oils, grease purpose dry chemical (ammonium-phosphate),
halogenated agents

Class C Electrical Fires Carbon dioxide, multi-purpose dry chemical (ammonium-

phosphate), halogenated agents

Class D Metal Fires Special dry powder agents such as Met L-X and NA-X

Table 2: Classification of Fire Extinguisher with their

respective materials and extinguishing agents
Trigger or Discharge Lever
Safety Pin ● Cylinder - Holds extinguishing agent
Handle
and expelling gases
Pressure Gauge
● Handle - Used to carry and hold
extinguisher
● Trigger - When pressed, releases
extinguishing agent through hose and
Gas Canister nozzle
● Nozzle or Horn - Agent expelled
Extinguishing through these items
Agent
● Pressure Gauge - Shows pressure of the
extinguishing agent being stored in the
Nozzle or Horn cylinder. The indicator should be in the
green area. CO2 extinguishers do not
have a pressure gauge.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER USAGE/PROCEDURE

PASS Procedure
● Pull the Pin - This unlocks the operating lever and allows the agent to
discharge from the extinguisher.

● Aim Low - Point the nozzle at the base of the fire

● Squeeze the Lever - Discharge the agent from the extinguisher. If you
release the lever, the discharge stops.

● Sweep from Side to Side - Move carefully toward the fire, keeping the
extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire. Sweep back and forth until
the fire
PULL THE PIN
AIM LOW
SQUEEZE THE
LEVER
SWEEP FROM
SIDE TO SIDE
M
ICE BREAKER: MYTH and FACT

“If firefighters
haven’t arrived

YT yet and someone is

trapped inside, go
back in to rescue
them”
FA If someone inside is in danger, you
will be too if you re-enter a
burning house or building—and
you’ll make the firefighter’s job

CT
that much tougher. Once you’re
out, stay out.
FIRE RELATED
ACCIDENTS
Ozone Disco (1996),
Casualties (162)
When the fire grew,
people rushed to the
only exit which only
opened when pulled.
Since the door was
being pushed due to
the panic and
stampede, it trapped
most of the club’s
attendees that night.
 A Wig Factory in
Marikina (1975),
Casualties (42)
The fire started in the
first floor of the factory.
Because of the highly
flammable materials, it
quickly spread to the
upper floors. Most
workers were trapped
because the fire exits
were already consumed
by fire.
 Kentex Slipper
Manufacturing Fire
(2015), Casualties
(74)
A fire started when
welding sparks ignited
chemicals that were,
unfortunately, stored
near the entrance of the
factory. 74 people had
died. Most of the
corpses were found on
the second floor,
reduced to charred skulls
and bones.
 AD
THAN MAJORE
K YOU! M
DEI
GLORIA