BEEE Lab Manual

Department of EEE Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory
VFSTR 1
Circuit Diagram:
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VERIFICATION OF OHM’S LAW

EXP. NO:
DATE:
Aim: To conduct a suitable experiment for verifying ohm’s law theoretically and practically.
Apparatus:
S.No Apparatus Range/Value Type Quantity
1 Dual R.P.S (0-30 V) DC 1
2 Ammeter (0-10mA) DC 1
3 Voltmeter (0-10V) DC 1
4 Bread Board -- -- 1
5 Resistor 1
6 Connecting wires Single strand As required
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram and switch on the power supply.
2. Vary the supply voltage (V) in steps and measure the corresponding value of current (I).
3. Switch off the power supply.
4. Plot the graph between voltage and current.
5. Calculate the value of resistance from the graph.
6. Measure the value of resistance(R) using multimeter.
7. Compare the values of R obtained by different methods.
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Observations:
1. Value of Resistance (obsereved in multimeter) = 3.244

2. Value of Resistance calculated from experiment:
Voltage (Volts) Current (mA) Resistance (KΩ)

S.No. R = 𝐕𝐕
V I 𝐈𝐈
1 5 1.58 3.16
2 10 3.12 3.20
3 25 4.66 3.21
4 20 6.24 3.20
5 25 7.82 3.19
6 30 9.38 3.19
Model Graph:
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VFSTR 5
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Theoretical Calculations:
Resistance calculation using Colour Coding:
Value of Resistance calculated from Graphical Method:
Slope = ∆𝐈𝐈 =1.54/5=0.308

∆𝐕𝐕
Resistance, R = 𝟏𝟏
𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒 ∆𝐕𝐕
= ∆𝐈𝐈 =
3.246
Result:ohm,s law is been verified therotically and pratically
Comparison Table:
R value obtained from R value measured R value obtained

S.No.
Colour coding by multimeter practically from graph
1. 3.96 k 3.244 3.246
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VFSTR 8
Circuit Diagram:
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VERIFICATION OF KCL
Aim: Verify KCL theoretically and practically.
Apparatus:
S.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity
1 Dual R.P.S (0-30 V) DC 1
2 Ammeter (0-10mA) DC 3
3 Bread Board - - 1
R1=3.
4 Resistors
21 R2
=5.43
Procedure:
1. Make the connection according to the circuit diagram

2. Switch on the power supply
3. Vary the voltage in steps and measure the corresponding values of current in the three
ammeters
5. Verify that for each value of applied voltage I = I1 + I2
6. Compare the values obtained practically with the theoretical values.
VFSTR 10
Observation table:
Practical Values:
Applied
I (mA) I1 (mA) I2 (mA)
S.No Voltage I1 + I2 (mA)
(Volts) (from A1) (from A2) (from A3)
2.44 1.53 0.90 2.43
1 5
4.90 3.08 1.81 4.89

2 10
7.34 4.62 2.71 7.33

3 15
9.81 6.18 3.62 9.8

4 20
12.33 7.78 4.55 12.33

5 25
Theoretical Values:
Applied
S.No Voltage I (mA) I1 (mA) I2 (mA) I1 + I2 (mA)
(Volts)
2.47 1.55 0.92 2.47
1 5
4.95 3.11 1.84 4.95

2 10
7.43 4.67 2.76 7.43

3 15
9.91 6.23 3.68 9.91

4 20
12.39 7.78 4.68 12.38

5 25
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Theoretical Caluculations:
Result:
VFSTR 12
VFSTR 13
Circuit Diagram:
VFSTR 14
VERIFICATION OF KVL
Aim: Verify KVL theoretically and practically.
Apparatus:
S.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Dual R.P.S (0-30 V) DC 1
2 Voltmeter (0-10V) DC 3
3 Bread Board - - 1
R1
4 Resistors =2.2
R2
=1
R3
=3.3
Procedure:
1. Make the connection according to the circuit diagram
3. Vary the supply voltage in steps and measure the corresponding values of voltage in
the three voltmeters.
5. Verify that for each value of applied voltage V = V1 + V2 + V3
6. Compare the values obtained practically with the theoretical values.
VFSTR 15
Observation table:
Practical Values:
Applied
S.No. V1 (V) V2 (V) V3 (V) V = V1 + V2 + V3 (V)
Voltage(V)
1 5 1.73 2.58 0.78 5.01
2 10 3.43 5.13 1.55 10.11
3 15 5.13 7.65 2.32 15.1
4 20 6.83 10.18 3.09 20.1
5 25 8.52 12.71 3.85 25.06
6 30 10.22 15.22 4.62 30.06
Theoretical Values:
Applied
S.No. V1 (V) V2 (V) V3 (V) V = V1 + V2 + V3 (V)
Voltage(V)
1 5 1.69 2.53 0.769 4.98
2 10 3.36 5.049 1.53 9.93
3 15 5.06 7.26 2.3 14.62
4 20 6.7 10.13 3.01 19.9
5 25 8.4 12.67 3.84 24.91
6 30 10.14 15.21 4.61 29.19
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Result:
VFSTR 17
VFSTR 18
Circuit diagram:
VFSTR 19
MEASUREMENT OF POWER
EXP. NO:
DATE:
Aim: - To measure Electrical Power in a Single Phase AC Circuit using wattmeter.
Apparatus:
Sl.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity
1. Watt meter 300 V, 10 A, UPF Electro dynamo meter 1
2. Voltmeter (0 - 300 V) MI 1
3. Ammeter (0 - 10 A) MI 1
4. Resistive Load 13KW, 13 A Resistive 1
5. Auto Transformer 230V/(0-270V), 10A, 50Hz Single phase 1
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram
3. Apply the rated voltage of 230V by slowly adjusting the auto transformer.
4. Switch on the load & vary the load in steps.
5. Note down the readings of all the meters for each step.
6. Repeat the procedure until 10A of load current is reached.
7. Remove the load in steps.
8. Switch of the load.
9. Reduce the voltage to zero by varying the auto transformer.
10. Switch off the power supply
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Observations:
Practical values:
Sl. Applied Voltage Current in amps

Power P (Watts)
No V (Volts) IL (Amps)
230 1 200
1
230 1.6 320

2
230 2.1 440

3
230 2.7 560

4
230 3.3 640

5
Theoretical values:
Sl. Applied Voltage Current in amps

Power P (Watts)
No V (Volts) IL (Amps)
230 1 230
1
230 1.6 368

2
230 2.1 483

3
230 2.3 560

4
230 3.3 759

5
VFSTR 21
Result:
VFSTR 22
VFSTR 23
VFSTR 24
Circuit diagram:
Forward Bias:
Reverse Bias:
VFSTR 25
VI – CHARACTERISTICS OF P-N JUNCTION DIODE
EXP. No.:
DATE:
Aim: To draw the V-I Characteristics of the PN Junction diode under forward and reverse bias.
Apparatus:
S.No Apparatus Range Quantity
1 Bread Board ..... 1
2 P-N Junction Diode Model: IN4007 1
3 Regulated Power supply (0-30v) 1
4 Resistor --- 1
5 Ammeter (0-200 mA) 1
6 Voltmeter (0-30 V) 1
7 Connecting wires ........ As Required
Procedure:
Forward Bias:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. For forward bias, the RPS +ve is connected to the anode of the diode and RPS –ve is
connected to the cathode of the diode,
3. Switch on the power supply and increases the input voltage (supply voltage) in Steps.
4. Note down the corresponding current flowing through the diode and voltage across the
diode for each and every step of the input voltage.
5. The reading of voltage and current are tabulated.
6. Graph is plotted between voltage and current.
Reverse Bias:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. For reverse bias, the RPS +ve is connected to the cathode of the diode and RPS –ve is
connected to the anode of the diode.
3. Switch on the power supply and increase the input voltage (supply voltage) in Steps
4. Note down the corresponding current flowing through the diode voltage across the diode
for each and every step of the input voltage.
5. The readings of voltage and current are tabulated
6. Graph is plotted between voltage and current.
VFSTR 26
Observation Tables:
Forward Bias:
Applied Voltage PN-Diode Diode

S.No Across Diode(V) Voltage(VF) Current(IF)
171.2mv 0
1 0.1
2 0.2 257.5mv 0
3 0.3 3.77.3mv 0
4 0.4 0.429v 0.03
0.445v 0.05
5 0.5
0.467v 0.08
6 0.6
7 0.7 0.481v 0.12
8 0.8 0.495v 0.16
9 0.9 0.502v 0.20
10 1.0 0.512v 0.25
0.562v 0.71
11 2.0
0.582v 1.15
12 3.0
13 4.0 0.602v 1.59
14 5.0 0.614v 1.26
15 6.0 0.624v 2.53
16 7.0 0.633v 3.00
0.639v 3.45
17 8.0
0.645v 3.91
18 9.0
19 10.0 0.651v 4.39
Cut-in Voltage =
0.4
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Reverse Bias:
Applied Voltage Diode Diode

S.No
Across Diode(V) Voltage(VF) Current(IF)
169.2 mv 0
1 0.1
241.3mv 0
2 0.2
350.6mv 0
3 0.3
4 0.4 0.451v 0
5 0.5 0.559 0
6 0.6 0.667 0
7 0.7 0.778 0
0.843 0
8 0.8
0.959 0
9 0.9
10 1.0 1.035 0.1
11 2.0 2.063 0.2
12 3.0 3.042 0.3
13 4.0 4.05 0.5
5.06 0.6
14 5.0
6.11 0.7
15 6.0
16 7.0 7.09 0.8
17 8.0 8.11 0.9
18 9.0 9.09 1.1
19 10.0 10.13 1.2
Break Down Voltage =

1.02
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VFSTR 30
Model Waveform:
VFSTR 31
Precautions:
1. All the connections should be correct.
2. Parallax error should be avoided while taking the readings from the Analog meters.
Result:
VFSTR 32
VFSTR 33
VFSTR 34

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Department of EEE Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory

VERIFICATION OF OHM’S LAW

S.No Apparatus Range/Value Type Quantity

1 Dual R.P.S (0-30 V) DC 1

6 Connecting wires Single strand As required

1. Value of Resistance (obsereved in multimeter) = 3.244

Voltage (Volts) Current (mA) Resistance (KΩ)

Resistance calculation using Colour Coding:

Value of Resistance calculated from Graphical Method:

Slope = ∆𝐈𝐈 =1.54/5=0.308

Result:ohm,s law is been verified therotically and pratically

R value obtained from R value measured R value obtained

Aim: Verify KCL theoretically and practically.

S.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Dual R.P.S (0-30 V) DC 1

1. Make the connection according to the circuit diagram

4.90 3.08 1.81 4.89

7.34 4.62 2.71 7.33

9.81 6.18 3.62 9.8

12.33 7.78 4.55 12.33

4.95 3.11 1.84 4.95

7.43 4.67 2.76 7.43

9.91 6.23 3.68 9.91

12.39 7.78 4.68 12.38

Aim: Verify KVL theoretically and practically.

S.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 5 1.73 2.58 0.78 5.01

2 10 3.43 5.13 1.55 10.11

3 15 5.13 7.65 2.32 15.1

4 20 6.83 10.18 3.09 20.1

5 25 8.52 12.71 3.85 25.06

6 30 10.22 15.22 4.62 30.06

1 5 1.69 2.53 0.769 4.98

2 10 3.36 5.049 1.53 9.93

3 15 5.06 7.26 2.3 14.62

4 20 6.7 10.13 3.01 19.9

5 25 8.4 12.67 3.84 24.91

6 30 10.14 15.21 4.61 29.19

Aim: - To measure Electrical Power in a Single Phase AC Circuit using wattmeter.

Sl.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1. Watt meter 300 V, 10 A, UPF Electro dynamo meter 1

4. Resistive Load 13KW, 13 A Resistive 1

5. Auto Transformer 230V/(0-270V), 10A, 50Hz Single phase 1

Sl. Applied Voltage Current in amps

230 1.6 320

230 2.1 440

230 2.7 560

230 3.3 640

Sl. Applied Voltage Current in amps

230 1.6 368

230 2.1 483

230 2.3 560

230 3.3 759

VI – CHARACTERISTICS OF P-N JUNCTION DIODE

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

Applied Voltage PN-Diode Diode

4 0.4 0.429v 0.03

7 0.7 0.481v 0.12

8 0.8 0.495v 0.16

9 0.9 0.502v 0.20

10 1.0 0.512v 0.25

13 4.0 0.602v 1.59

14 5.0 0.614v 1.26