Vũ Diệu Huyền - 20070938

Short test ( 1st)

1. What is microprocessor, memory, and how to connect memory to MP?
2. What is cache? Cache organization?
3. Turn-on computer process?
4. What is different between software and OS?

1.
A microprocessor (sometimes simply referred to as a processor)
is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions. It is the
most important, and usually the most expensive, component of a
computer.
Memory is a device or system that stores information for immediate use in a
computer or related computer hardware and digital electronic devices. The term
memory is often synonymous with the term primary storage or main memory. (types
of computer memory : random access memory (RAM),ROM (Read Only
Memory),Cache Memory)
2.
A cache is a reserved storage location that collects temporary data to help websites,
browsers, and apps load faster. Whether it's a computer, laptop or phone, web browser
or app, you'll find some variety of a cache.

Cache organization: The cache memory consists of C slots K words, and the number
of slots, or lines, is significantly smaller than the number of main memory blocks (C
<< M). At any given time, there is always a subset of memory blocks residing in
cache slots

3. Turn-on computer process?

- Turn on the power

 - The processor finds the ROM chip that contains the BIOS
- The BIOS performs POST
- The results of the POST are compared with data in the CMOS chip
- The BIOS looks for the system files in one of the booting drives
- The system files and the #kernel of the OS load into RAM from hard disk/booting
drive
- The OS loads configuration information and displays the interface on the screen

4. What is different between software and OS?

SOFTWARE

- Applicationsoftware
Easy-to-use programs designed to perform specific tasks
- Systemsoftware
Programs that support the execution and development of other programs
Two major types
Operating systems
Translation systems (compilers & linkers)

- Application software makes computer popular and easy to use

- Common application software:

· Word processing

· Spreadsheet software

· Database software

· Presentation graphics software

· Game
 · Desktop publishing software

· Anti-virus scanner

· Web browser

· and etc.

-
A software license is a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or
without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of software. Under
United States copyright law, all software is copyrightprotected, in both source
code and object code forms. The only exception is software in the public domain.
- A typical software license grants the licensee, typically an end-user, permission to
use one or more copies of software in ways where such a use would otherwise
potentially constitute copyright infringement of the software owner's exclusive
rights under copyright.
OPERATING SYSTEM

- Functions of OS:
· User interface
· Job scheduling
· Program management:
– Single user/single tasking
– Multitasking
– Multi-user
– Multiprocessing
· Data management
· Device management
· Security of access
· Resources management
· Error detection and response

- Types of OS
· Standalone
MS-DOS, Windows 9X, Windows NT Workstation, Windows 2000 Prof, Windows
ME, Windows XP Home & Prof. Ed., MacOS
· Network
Netware, Windows NT and 2000 Server, Windows .NET Server, UNIX, Linux
· Embedded
Windows CE, Pocket PC 2002, Palm OS