REPORT on Mechanisms

Hirsu Robert Stefan, AE 2nd year

The involute curve. Parameters. The fundamental law of gearing

Parameters are any physical properties whose values impact the qualities or behavior of
anything.

The involute of a circle is the curve whose normals are all tangent to a given circle. In
contrast, if a circle's involute spins around the generating circle's center, every tangent to
the circle stays always normal to the involute.
The Archimedean spiral is the asymptotic curve to the involute of a circle for high values.

If an involute of a circle is rotated uniformly about its center, the tangents to the
involute with a given direction move in a uniform translation motion and that's why the
profile of cams is an involute of a circle.

π
p=R (0+ )
2

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 The involute possesses various characteristics that make it particularly essential in the
gear industry: An involute gear system is formed when two intermeshed gears have teeth
with the profile-shape of involutes. While the teeth are engaged, their respective rotation
speeds remain constant.

In addition, the gears always make contact along a single constant line of force. When
teeth of different shapes contact, the relative speeds and forces rise and fall, causing
vibration, noise, and excessive wear. As a result, practically all current gear teeth have an
involute form.

The fundamental law of gearing

According to the fundamental law of gearing, the angular velocity ratio of all gears must be
constant across the gear mesh. When the common normal at the point of contact between
the teeth passes through a set point on the line of centers known as the pitch point, this
condition is met.

v1 cosα=v 2 cosβ

To have a consistent angular velocity ratio for all wheel locations, the pitch point must be
the fixed point for the two wheels.

At the point of contact between two teeth, the common normal must always pass through
the pitch point.

This is the essential criterion that must be met when creating the profiles for gear wheel
teeth.

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 The ratio of angular velocity of the two gears is equal to the reciprocal of the ratio of the
distance between the center of the gear and the pitch point of the two gears, according to
the law of gearing.

In other words, the angular velocity of a mesh gear is proportional to the distance
between the gear's center and the pitch point.

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 This refers to shaping the teeth such that the teeth on the two gears mesh smoothly and,
as they spin, the point of contact travels along the teeth so that if one gear rotates at a
constant pace, the second gear will likewise revolve at a constant rate.

The unique form of gear tooth that does this, as I recall, is some type of cycloid. This is an
idealistic curve, and actual gears will deviate from it in some way.

Though the shape deviates too much, the output gear may move at an erratic pace when
each tooth comes into contact with the meshing gear, even if the input gear spins at a
constant speed.

A slight angular oscillation will be overlaid on top of the average rotation rate. On the
output, there will be torque ripple.

Another effect of poorly formed teeth might be some sliding contact between the teeth
rather than full rolling contact.

This can also happen if the distance between the centers of the two gears is not set
correctly. This friction might cause teeth to wear down faster and make noise.

O2 N O2 P
=
O1 M O1 P

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References
-Courses
-Wikipedia.com
-Mathworld.com