ANSWER SHEETS

MODULE 1
THE RIZAL LAW AND THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY

Lesson 1 – RIZAL LAW

ACTIVITY
Direction: Name at least five Philippine National Heroes and identify their greatest advocacy
and contribution towards the Philippine Independence from Spanish Regime in 1898. Write
your answers in 1-3 sentences each.

Philippine National Greatest Advocacy and Contribution to Philippine

Heroes Independence from Spanish Regime in 1898
Mother of the Katipunan, Melchora Aquino is renowned for her
1. Melchora Aquino contributions to the Philippine Revolution. She not only offered
them medical attention, but also encouragement based on
God's knowledge.
After leading the establishment of the covert revolutionary
movement "Katipunan" to oppose Spanish colonization in 1892,
Bonifacio is regarded as the "Father of the Philippine
2. Andres Bonifacio Revolution." Many Filipinos and organizations were motivated
by the Bonifacio-led Katipuneros to start a national uprising
against the Spaniards. Furthermore, he also advocated a
complete independence from Spain.
Poet and novelist Rizal advocated for the reform of Spanish
colonial rule in the Philippines. His novels, particularly Noli Me
3. Jose Rizal Tangere and El Filibusterismo, exposed the corruption of
Manila Spanish society and stimulated the movement for
independence.
The objectives of the Propaganda Movement were promoted by
Marcelo H. Del Pilar, who also worked to ensure that the
4. Marcelo H. Del Pilar Philippines had representation in the Spanish Cortes and to rein
in the powers and abuses of the Spanish friars. Moreover,
before the Philippine Revolution began in 1896, Del Pilar was
one of the country's most vocal anti-friar figures.
Emilio helped to lead the war for Filipino independence from
Spain, he was known as the "Utak ng Katipunan." The
5. Emilio Jacinto Katipuneros embraced his book, Kartilya, as their manual for
combating the Spanish conquerors. It contained the
Katipunan's bylaws and constitution.
ANALYSIS
Direction: Identify five qualities/works/writings Dr. Jose P. Rizal that inspired the Filipinos 19th
century to fight for Philippine Independence from Spanish Regime. Write your answers in 1-3
sentences each.

Five qualities/works/writings Dr. Jose P. Rizal that inspired the Filipinos to fight in the 19th
century to fight for Philippine Independence from Spanish Regime.
1. To the Young Women of Malolos - represents his ancestry and serves as a warning to
Filipino women. He addresses all different types of Filipino women in his letter, including
moms, wives, and even single women. Rizal counsels women to uphold their respect and
dignity, pursue education, and lead honorable lives in order to set an example for others.
2. Noli Me Tángere - because of his unwavering passion for his nation, Rizal authored the
book to highlight the problems with Philippine society at the time of Spanish colonization. It
thought as about Crisostomo Ibarra's life, his interactions with the Spanish government, and
how he planned his retaliation in this revolutionary book, as narrated by Rizal.
3. El Filibusterismo - (The Reign of the Greed) has a somber topic that shows the problems
facing the nation and the protagonist's endeavors to bring about change. It depicts the
mistreatment, corruption, and discrimination committed by Spaniards against Filipinos; at
the time, it was also outlawed in the nation. Rizal dedicated his second book to the
GOMBURZA, three Filipino priests who were hanged for subversion and whose names were
Mariano Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
4. Kundiman - He expressed his fervent love for his motherland in a kundiman. His sincere
aspirations that the Philippines will one day be free from betrayal and injustice are reflected
in this piece. He was in Europe at the time, and the nation was under serious threat. He also
expresses his optimistic views through this art despite being far from his native nation.
5. The Triumph of Science over Death - Clay sculpture depicting a naked young woman
holding a torch high, standing on a skull, and having long, flowing hair. The torch she carried
represented the enlightenment that science delivers to the entire globe, whereas the woman
represented the ignorance of humanity during the Dark Ages. Along with another sculpture
titled The Triumph of Death over Life, he donated the sculpture as a present to his close
friend Ferdinand Blumentritt.

APPLICATION

I. Direction: Based on the Rizal Law (Republic Act 1425), identify the five salient
points or five reasons why the life, works and writings of Dr. Jose P. Rizal is
mandated to be included in the curriculum of public and private schools particularly
as a subject in higher education institutions. Write your answers in 1-3 sentences
each.
Salient Points of the Rizal Law
(Reasons why the life, works and writings of Dr. Jose P. Rizal is mandated to be
included in school curriculum)
1. To inspire young people to pursue their lives in accordance with the principles of liberty,
bravery, strength, and patriotism.
2. To honor Dr. Jose Rizal for dedicating his life and career to influencing Filipino culture.
3. To learn about Rizal's life, works, and writings in order to find a motivating source of
patriotism.
4. To appreciate the significance of Rizal's teachings and goals in light of the social and
political climate of the day.
5. To promote the use of such ideals in solving contemporary social and personal challenges.
II. Direction: Describe and define the following. Write your answers in 1-3 sentences
each.
1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
- He is considered as a national hero of the Philippines and the first Asian nationalist. He
expressed the growing national consciousness of many Filipinos who opposed Spanish
colonial tyranny and aspired to attain democratic rights.
2. The Rizal Law or Republic Act 1425
- It is an act to include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and
Universities courses on the Life, Works, and writings of Jose Rizal, especially his Novels
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, This law may also serve to awaken the thoughts
of contemporary Filipinos, sometimes known as "millennials," by providing comments on
historical events that contributed to Philippine history.
3. Jose P. Laurel and Claro M. Recto
- Rizal Bill authored by Senator Claro M. Recto. The bill was introduced in the Senate by
Senator Jose P. Laurel, Sr., who was at the time the Chairman of the Committee on
Education. They were both renowned for having a strong sense of nationalism. In order
to free our nation from foreign control and stand up for the beliefs and values that Rizal
fought for, this nationalism served as the inspiration for the republic act.
4. Life, Works and Writings of Jose Rizal
- The RA 1425 specifies that this lesson must be taught. His writings and biography will
be covered, with a focus on his two most well-known books, Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo. Additionally, it will go through Rizal's life in the Philippines during the 19th
century.
5. The Filipino Youth
- This literary work by Rizal specifically addresses the young of the Philippines. The Manila
Lyceum of Art and Literature held a poetry competition for Filipinos, and Rizal entered
this piece. He also emphasizes the value of education for one's future and how the next
generation is the country's best hope.
 ANSWER SHEETS

MODULE 1
THE RIZAL LAW AND THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY

Lesson 2 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HEROES

ACTIVITY
Direction: Find the Philippine National Heroes in the word puzzle. Write your answers on the
table.

F R A M O N M A G S A Y S A Y S A Y G J
E L P E F R E N B A T A R E Y E S 0 A O
R E O R Y A N C A Y A B Y A B E B I B S
D V L A N D R E S B O N I F A C I O R E
I I I L O M J H I D I L Y N D I A Z I L
N C N C L A M O R S O L O P E D R O E A
A E A O I S A L S O L I V I A D I A L U
N L R M N A P O L E O N A B U E V A A R
D E I E M A N U E L R O X A S M A R S E
M R O T S A R I M A N I K A M O T E I L
A I M A H A R L I K A A Z A M O N A L D
R O A L Y D I A D E V E G A M E G A A A
C B B L E A S A L O N G A W L I T O N H
O O I P A E N G N E P O M U C E N O G O
S N N M E L C H O R A A Q U I N O T A N
E D I O S D A D O M A C A P A G A L I G

Answers:

1. Apolinario Mabini
2. Melchora Aquino
3. Andres Bonifacio
4. Gabriela Silang
5. Jose Rizal
ANALYSIS
Direction: Name the Philippine National Heroes described in the following statements.

1. He was Filipino revolutionary leader, often called "The Father of

the Philippine Revolution", and considered one of the national
heroes of the Philippines. He was one of the founders and later
the Kataas-taasang Pangulo (Supreme President, Presidente
Andres Bonifacio Supremo in Spanish, often shortened by contemporaries and
historians to just Supremo) of the
Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan or more commonly known as the "Katipunan", a
movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from
Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution.
2. He was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and
statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to
the Revolutionary Government, and then as the first Prime
Minister of the Philippines upon the establishment of the First
Apolinario Mabini Philippine Republic. He is regarded as the "utak ng himagsikan"
or "brain of the revolution" and is also to be considered to be as a
national hero in the Philippines. Mabini's work and thoughts on the
government shaped the Philippines' fight for independence over
the next century.
3. He was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of
the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered
Jose Rizal the national hero (pambansang bayani) of the Philippines. An
ophthalmologist by profession, he became a writer and a key
member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated
political reforms for the colony under Spain.
4. She was a Filipina revolutionary who became known as
"Tandang Sora" ("Elder Sora") because of her age during the
Melchora Aquino Philippine Revolution.She was known as the "Grand Woman of
the Revolution" and the "Mother of Balintawak" for her
contributions.
5. She was a Filipina military leader best known for her role as the
María Josefa Gabriela female leader of the Ilocano independence movement from Spain.
Cariño de Silang She took over from her second husband Diego Silang after his
or assassination in 1763, leading her people for four months before
Gabriela Silang she was captured and executed by the colonial government of the
Captaincy General of the Philippines.
APPLICATION
Direction: Choose your five national heroes and explain their contributions to Philippine
Independence from Spanish Regime. Write your answers in 1-3 sentences each.

My Philippine National Explanation

Heroes
He joined the Propaganda Movement and wrote for La
Solidaridad as a Filipino expatriate. Luna was a member of
the Reform Movement, and he preferred reform to
1. General Antonio Luna revolution as a means of achieving independence. Aside
from the impact on their property, the Reform Movement's
supporters recognized that no revolution could succeed
without the appropriate preparations.
During the Philippine Revolution, he served as a general.
He was one of the highest-ranking officials in the Philippine
Revolution and a member of the Supreme Council of the
2. Emilio Jacinto revolutionary movement Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang
na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more
generally known as Katipunan. Furthermore, he was called
the "Brain of the Revolution."
He is well known for being a propagandist and for using his
writing to expose the cruel manipulation carried out by the
Spanish Government in the Philippines. He opted for a silent
war rather than a violent one because he believes that this
3. Dr. Jose Rizal is the only way to achieve freedom. As a result, other
Filipinos were inspired to obtain such freedom and launched
other uprisings against the Spanish authorities. I hold Dr.
Jose P. Rizal in high regard because he contributed to the
nation's freedom.
For advocating for priest equality and directing the
campaign against the Spanish friars, GOMBURZA earned
4. GOMBURZA the enmity of the Spanish government. They clashed on
problems with Philippine secularization that caused tension
between church secularists and believers. Gomburza's
death influenced the novel of Rizal "El Filibusterismo".
One of the key figures who played a significant role in
managing the Philippine revolution was Andres Bonifacio.
In addition to leading the attack on the Spanish, Bonifacio
5. Andres Bonifacio participated in a number of other revolutionary activities that
all helped to spark the Philippine revolution. He also helped
the Philippines in gaining independence from Spanish
colonial rule.
 II. Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answers in 1-3 sentences
each.

1. Why did the national heroes seek for liberation from Spanish Regime?
- I firmly believe that the reason why our nation's heroes seek freedom is because they
don't want to spend the rest of their lives in restrictions caused by Spanish colonization.
Technically speaking, Rizal had a significant impact by exposing the cruel practices of
the Spanish government in his book El Filibusterismo. And because of that, the heroes
of the Philippines at the time were eager to obtain justice and achieve independence.
2. What is the role of national heroes in achieving Philippine Independence?
- They play the part of heroes by developing a sense of nation, then aspiring to and fighting
for the liberation of that nation. They are the ones who establish and contribute to a
country's system or way of life of freedom and order. Their final responsibility is to
influence a nation's future and standard of living.
3. How did the national heroes influenced the Filipinos to fight against the Spaniards?
- National heroes, in my opinion, encouraged the Filipinos to fight the Spaniards by
inspiring them with ideas of freedom. I firmly believe that the national heroes spoke out
to give the Filipino people hope for the future. National heroes shared their perspectives
on life in a country where there are no Spaniards in power.
4. What are the positive and negative effects of the Philippine Independence from Spanish
Regime to our lives as Filipinos in this generation?
- The Filipinos' conversion to Christianity in this generation is a result of the Spanish
colonization of the Philippines. On the other hand, colonizers mistreating the natives was
a drawback of colonialism.
5. If you were a Filipino living in the time of Rizal in the 19th century, would you fight for
Philippine Independence from Spanish Regime?
- Absolutely yes, because we Filipinos ought to possess a sense of nationalism. By
demonstrating our resilience, boldness, and honesty, we should take ownership of what
is rightfully ours and embrace our nation. We need to defend our country because it is
where we create our own future; colonization is not necessary for us to better ourselves.
 ANSWER SHEETS

MODULE 1
THE RIZAL LAW AND THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY

Lesson 3 – RIZAL’S LITERARY WORKS

ACTIVITY

Direction: Write five literary works by renowned Filipino writers.

Literary Works Filipino Writers

1. Florante at Laura Francisco Balagtas
2. Dekada '70 Lualhati Bautista.
3. Banaag at Sikat Lope K. Santos
4. “Mi Retiro” Jose P. Rizal
5. Palipad-Hangin Virgilio Almario

ANALYSIS
Direction: Categorize the following literary works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal according to the
following literary form: novel, essay, poem, letter, play.

Literary Works Literary Form

1. Junta Al Pasig Play
2. El Filibusterismo Novel
3. Sa Aking mga Kababata Poem
4. Unfortunate Philippines Essay
5. To the Young Women of Malolos Letter

APPLICATION

I. Direction: Choose five literary works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal and describe their general
theme. Write your answers in 1-3 sentences each.
Rizal’s Literary Works General Theme
1. Junto Al Pasig Its general themes are good vs evil, Christianity, and
paganism.
The theme of this essay is Rizal, who had a strong belief
2. Kundiman that injustice and treachery will one day be eradicated from
the Philippines. It expresses the nation's upbeat
sentiments.
 Mi Ultimo Adios, based on what I've read, encompasses a
variety of major themes, including love of the homeland,
nationalism, patriotism, freedom of speech, dedication, and
3. "Mi último adiós" emptiness for others. Additionally, it demonstrates how
(My Last Farewell) stunning the Philippines is and how Rizal wished for us to
reflect on our history and understand how the rest of the
world views us.
El Filibusterismo's underlying subject reveals the true
nature of Filipino society as it was treated by the Spanish
authority. The sequel to the Noli also addresses the
4. El Filibusterismo sociopolitical issues raised in the original work, including
(The Reign of Greed) the abuses and hypocrisy of the Spanish Catholic clergy,
superstitions masquerading as religious beliefs, the need
for educational reform, the exploitation and corruption of
public servants, and the pretenses of some socially ascetic
Filipinos and Spaniards.
5. Noli Me Tangere The theme of Noli Me Tangere appears to highlight the
(Touch Me Not) abuses that the Spanish friars and officials committed.

II. Direction: Name the literary works of Jose P. Rizal described in the following
statements.
1. This is an 1887 novel by José Rizal during the colonization of
the Philippines by the Spanish Empire, to describe perceived
Noli Me Tangere inequities of the Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling government.
Rizal sought to expose how the Filipino culture was perceived to
be backward, anti-progress, anti-intellectual, and not conducive to
the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment.
2. This poem was written in Spanish by Rizal when he was only
A la Juventud Filipina eighteen years old, and was dedicated to the Filipino youth which
he describes as "the fair hope of my motherland.
3. This is a poem written by Rizal before his execution by firing
Mi último adiós squad on December 30, 1896. The piece was one of the last notes
he wrote before his death.
4. This is a letter written by Rizal for the young women of Malolos
To the Young Women in 1889. The letter was addressed in the time of political outrage
of Malolos caused by the 21 women who petitioned for a night school to study
the Spanish language and be at par with men.
5. The novel centers on the main character Crisóstomo Ibarra, now
returning for vengeance as "Simoun". The novel's dark theme
departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and
El Filibusterismo romantic atmosphere, signifying Ibarra's resort to solving his
country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt
in reforming the country's system made no effect and seemed
impossible with the corrupt attitude of the Spaniards toward the
Filipinos.
 ANSWER SHEETS

MODULE 1
THE RIZAL LAW AND THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY

Lesson 4 – THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY

ACTIVITY
Direction: Write five social, economic and political problems in the Philippines in the 19th
century?

Social, Economic and Political Problems in the Philippines in the 19th Century
1. Instability of Colonial Administration
2. Corrupt officialdom
3. No Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
4. Human rights are denied to Filipinos
5. No equality before the law

ANALYSIS
Direction: Describe the following people in the Philippines in the 19th century.

The Philippines in the 19th Description

Century
They are in-charge of all governmental and ecclesiastical
6. Governors General operations, including the execution of justice. He possessed
the authority to discipline, albeit these were sometimes weak
due to prejudices and rash choices.
Spanish friars have the authority in administration of the
colony. He supervised the election of the gobernadorcillo
7. Spanish Friars and cabeza. He was the keeper of the list of residents of the
town and his signature had to be seen on all financial papers
of the town. Moreover, friars also established Catholicism in
the Philippines.
It was established by Royal Decree on February 12, 1852; it
covers rapists, robbers, and maltreatment. The Philippines'
8. Guardia Civil internal peace and order, although they ultimately gained
notoriety for their pervasive abuses. Both the officers and the
men lacked discipline and proper training.
The legal procedures and the law as it is described in
9. Filipino Farmers Spanish are unknown to the Filipino farmers. They were
duped by the landlords, who not only registered their own
 landholdings but also used the farmers' inexperience by
claiming the lands that were next to their own holdings.
According to estimates, 400 000 Filipino farmers were left
without titles, and the majority of landed farmers were
reduced to being simple tenants on their own properties.
During the 19th century, the Filipinos had a master-slave and
10. Filipino People rigid social relationship with the Spaniards. The three
segments of their social system are highest class, medium
class, and lowest class.

APPLICATION
Direction: Explain the situation of the Philippines in the following issues and concerns of the
Filipinos in the 19th century. Write your answers in 1-3 sentences each.

Philippine Issues and Philippine Situation

Concerns
Since King Ferdinand VII's troubled rule, Spain's politics
have been unstable, which has had a negative impact on
1. Instability of Colonial Philippine affairs because it has led to regular rigodons of
Administration colonial officers and frequent adjustments in colonial
policies. In addition, governor-generals only have a one
year, three month term on average.
In the Spanish Cortes, the representation of the foreign
colonies was eliminated in 1837. Since then, the Philippines'
situation has gotten worse because the populace was
2. No Philippine unable to call attention to the irregularities committed by the
representation in the Spanish colonial authorities. There was never a return of Philippine
Cortes representation in the Cortes. Filipinos are represented in the
Spanish Cortes Delegate Ventura de Los Reyes starting in
1810 and the Spanish Cortes' representation of the
Philippines is eliminated in 1837.
The colonial administrators Spain dispatched to the
Philippines in the 19th century, with few exceptions, were a
long cry from the capable and devoted administrators of the
3. Corrupt officialdom in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Examples of extremely
Philippines dishonest, incapable, venal, or cruel officials; Gen. Rafael
de Isquerdo, Gen. Primo de Rivera, Admiral Jose
Malcampo, General Fernando Primo de Rivera, General
Valeriano Weyler, General Camilo de Polavieja,
The Spanish people have had freedom of expression,
freedom of the press, freedom of association, and other
4. Human rights are denied human rights since the enactment of the Spanish
to Filipinos Constitution of 1812 and several constitutions in subsequent
years. Strangely, the Filipinos in Asia were denied these
human rights or constitutional liberties by the Spanish
government, who valued them in Spain.
5. No equality between Filipinos were mistreated, beaten, targeted for persecution,
Spaniards and Filipinos and defamed. Spanish missionaries believed that all men,
before the law regardless of race or color, are God's children and, as such,
are brothers who are equal before God rather than the law
 or in practice. Laws of the Indies are rarely enforced and
spanish citizens faced lenient punishments under the
Spanish Civil Code, whereas native Filipinos faced harsher
punishments.

ASSESSMENT
Direction: Identify the issues and concerns of the Filipino people in the 19th century.

Frailocracy Racial Discrimination

Guardia Civil Haciendas owned by the Friars
Forced Labour

1. This was a notorious invisible government existed in Spanish

Frailocracy Philippines. During the last decades of the 19th century the
Spanish friars were so influential and powerful that they practically
ruled the Philippines. This government was called rule of the friars.
2. During the Spanish colonization, some Filipinos were obliged to
Forced Labor work for the government. This colonial policy, called polo y
servicios, was implemented in the Philippines for more than 250
years.
Racial Discrimination 3. Filipinos was considered as an inferior race and was referred to
as “indios” who, according to them, do not deserve to be educated.
Haciendas owned by 4. The Spanish friars, in their authority as the leaders in the
the Friars churches, obtained ownership of the farmlands which was
originally cultivated by the Filipinos.
5. This was a local gendarmerie police force organized under the
Spanish colonial government. Rizal describes in the 57th chapter
Guardia Civil of Noli Me Tángere how this police force tortured a man named
Tarsilo to death. In that same part of the book, it is recorded that a
certain Andong Sintó-sintó was sent to the capital, Manila, to be
imprisoned for merely picking bananas for supper.

Sources:
HIST10 Modules_Lesson1234_authored by_Ms. HeideeLagang_pp1-42
https://britannica.com/Philippinerevolution
https://biography.yourdictionary.com
www.encylopedia.com/melchoraaquino
https://loc.gov.ph