Academic

UCLan Coursework Assessment Brief Year

2020
Module Title: Power & Energy Generation Systems Level 6
School of Engineering
Module Code: MP3801
Thermodynamic Assessment of This assessment is worth
Combined Heat and Power System 50% of the overall module
mark

THE BRIEF/INSTRUCTIONS
1 Background
The study of vapor cycles such as the Carnot and Rankine cycles has demonstrated a need to
reject heat in order to convert the energy within a working fluid to useful work and perform
closed system thermodynamic analysis. In conventional power stations, this excess heat is
rejected through the use of cooling towers or to large water bodies such as rivers, lakes and the
sea. However, while the rejected heat is of too low quality to be of further use for economic power
production, the remaining heat in the working fluid may still be sufficient for providing heating,
either in industrial processes such as chemical, paper, oil production & refining and steel making
or can be used for large scale distribution of space heating within buildings. Where the
combination or heat and power are the design requirements for a system, such systems are often
referred to as co-generation or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems.

Figure 1: Schematic for Variable CHP system

The system in figure 1 demonstrates a suitably variable system where heated steam can be used
for power production or completely diverted for heat production for a district heating system or
a desired combination of the two.
A. When heat demand is minimal, superheated high pressure steam (1) is directed to a (2)
turbine where it expands isentropically, doing work, and exits with low pressure and
temperature (3). This steam is then isothermally condensed (4) and returned to high
pressure (5) with a pump. Heat is rejected to a thermal store ready for demand in heat.
This cycle may be described as an ideal Rankine Cycle and utilization of the energy in the
steam is maximised for power production.
B. Where large amounts of heat are required, steam may be extracted from the turbine at
higher pressures (7) and diverted to heat exchange (10) where it is once again
isothermally pressurised (11) before returning to the boiler.
C. Additionally, high temperature and pressure steam may be diverted through a Pressure
Release Valve (PRV) (8) to directly deliver steam for heat exchange (9). In this way, up to
100% of the energy in the steam may be utilised for heat.

2. Task
Consider the CHP system in figure 1 , the boiler produces superheated steam at 5 .5MPa and
650oC with a flow rate of 15kg/s. Some steam may be diverted through a throttling valve to
provide heat to a district heating system at 0.5MPa. To maximise power production, steam enters
the turbine at 5.5MPa and exits at 5kPa. When required, steam may exit the turbine at 0.5MPa to
provide a balance between power production and heat production.

a) With the use of Thermodynamic Steam tables or EES software, produce a T-s diagram
clearly showing the three scenarios of heat and power production . You may assume ideal
conditions. Add suitable labels to demonstrate the numbered points identified in figure 1.
(30 points)
b) Calculate the maximum power production possible and cycle efficiency when only heat
rejected though the condenser is transferred to store. You may assume no losses in
storage and 100% heat exchange. (10 points)
c) Calculate the heat transferred to district heating when heat utilisation is 100% (10 points)
d) When 15% of steam is diverted before it reaches the turbine and only 30% of steam is
extracted from the turbine at the lowest pressure, calculate the rate of heat supplied to
district and the power produced by the turbine and thus the cycle efficiency of this
scenario. (20 points)
e) Explain where and how irreversibility affects the performance of this system, validating
your comments by re-calculating the scenario in part d) where 0.9 irreversibility is
introduced. (30 points)

PREPARATION FOR THE ASSESSMENT

You should make good use of lectures and your notes available on Blackboard. Thermodynamic tables for
water or the software EES will be required for calculations.

Suitable Reading
[1] Cenegel, Y.A & Boles, M.A, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 2011, 7Ed. McGraw Hill, New
York.
[2] Rogers, & Mayhew, Engineering Thermodynamics: Work and Heat Transfer, 4th Ed, 1992. John Wiley &
Sons, New York.
[3] Applied thermodynamics for engineering technologists Eastop, T. D. (Thomas D.); McConkey, A. (Allan), .
5th ed. Published Harlow: Longman, 1993
[4] Borgnakke C and Sonntag RE, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics (Wiley 2014)
[5] Boyle G, Everett B and Ramage J, Energy Systems and Sustainability (Oxford University Press 2003)
[6] Boyle, Godfrey, Renewable Electricity and the Grid: The Challenge of Variability (Earthscan 2007)
[7] Quaschning V, Understanding Renewable Energy Systems (Earthscan 2005)
[8] Richard Edwin Sonntag, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics (Wiley 1998)
[9] Vanek FM, Albright LD and Angenent LT, Energy Systems Engineering: Evaluation and Implementation
(McGrawHill Professional 2012)

RELEASE DATES AND HAND IN DEADLINE

Assessment Release date: 11/11/2020 Assessment Deadline Date and time: 7/12/2020

Please note that this is the final time you can submit – not the time to submit!
Your feedback/feed forward and mark for this assessment will be provided by 4 th January 2020

SUBMISSION DETAILS
Please submit a single document (Word or PDF are acceptable formats) no later than NOON Friday 12 th December
2020 via the TurnItIn facility on the Blackboard Module space As per University regulations, submissions up to five
days late will be accepted but be subject to a penalty where 50% is the maximum grade available. Submission later
than five days will receive a zero grade. Should you feel you will not be able to submit in a timely manner due to
unforeseen circumstances, please contact in confidence your Module tutor or Course Leader as soon as possible,
describing your circumstances.

HELP AND SUPPORT

 For support with using library resources, please contact Bob Frost <rsfrost@uclan.ac.uk> You will find links
to lots of useful resources in the My Library tab on Blackboard.
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mental health condition, please complete a Disclosure Form.  The Inclusive Support team will then contact
to discuss reasonable adjustments and support relating to any disability.  For more information, visit the
Inclusive Support site.
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can email wellbeing@uclan.ac.uk, call 01772 893020 or visit our UCLan Wellbeing Service pages for more
information.
 If you have any other query or require further support you can contact The <i>, The Student Information
and Support Centre.  Speak with us for advice on accessing all the University services as well as the
Library services. Whatever your query, our expert staff will be able to help and support you. For more
information , how to contact us and our opening hours visit Student Information and Support  Centre.
 If you have any valid mitigating circumstances that mean you cannot meet an assessment submission
deadline and you wish to request an extension, you will need to apply online prior to the deadline.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this assessment brief is correct at time of publication. In the unlikely Version: 1
event that any changes are deemed necessary, they will be communicated clearly via e-mail and a new
version of this assessment brief will be circulated.