Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANGIELSKII
Mowa zależna
i niezależna
PRzYGOTOwAN
dO EGzAMINÓ IE
w
MATURA • Najważniejsze konstrukcje
wydawnictwo LINGO
Anna Treger
Repetytorium
ANGIELSKI
Mowa zależna
i niezależna
Konsultacja językowa:
Alisa Mitchel Masiejczyk
Redaktor serii: Marek Jannasz
Redakcja i korekta: Paweł Pokora, Anna Laskowska
www.jezykinieobce.pl
ISBN: 978-83-7892-326-8
Wstęp . ....................................................................................................4
Key . ....................................................................................................81
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl 3
Wstęp
tym językiem. Nie jest to wcale takie trudne. Aby się o tym przekonać, sięgnij po
English.
Opłaca się poświęcić nieco trudu nauce gramatyki – bez wątpienia zaowocuje to
gramatyki angielskiej, który często nastręcza wiele problemów uczącym się języka
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
zagadnień w pigułce.
Angielska mowa zależna i niezależna nie będą miały teraz dla Ciebie tajemnic!
Z życzeniami sukcesów
Autorka
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Sprawdź się
Wykonaj ćwiczenia na następnych dwóch stronach i sprawdź swoją
wiedzę. Pomogą Ci one ocenić, na czym należy się skoncentrować
w nauce zagadnień przedstawionych w tej książce.
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Sprawdź się
4. Chloe said that she had left her luggage on the train.
_________________________________________________________________
10. Andrew said that his new book was coming out the following month.
_________________________________________________________________
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
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Wprowadzenie
Komunikacja językowa nie może obejść się bez relacjonowania opinii, stwierdzeń, pytań,
sugestii zasłyszanych czy odczytanych. W przypadku przywoływania czyichś słów w piśmie
mamy zawsze możliwość wzięcia danej wypowiedzi w cudzysłów i poprzedzenia jej
stosownym czasownikiem wprowadzającym takim jak say, tell (najczęściej spotykane) bądź
np.: inform, claim, argue. Mamy wtedy do czynienia z mową niezależną (direct speech).
Mowy niezależnej używa się przeważnie w języku pisanym, aby przytoczyć dokładnie czyjeś
słowa. Występuje w dialogach w powieściach, nowelach i innych utworach literackich.
Stosuje się ją w sytuacjach, w których ważna jest precyzja, np. w takich dziedzinach jak
prawo czy polityka.
George Bush said, “Dick Cheney and I will do everything we can to keep the peace.”
George Bush powiedział: „Dick Cheney i ja zrobimy wszystko, co możemy, aby
utrzymać pokój”.
Tony Blair said, “Sometimes the only chance for peace is a readiness for war.”
Tony Blair powiedział: „Czasami jedyna szansa na pokój, to gotowość do wojny”.
Beth said that she hadn’t expected the truth to come out.
Beth powiedziała, że nie spodziewała się, że prawda wyjdzie na jaw.
George Bush said that he and Dick Cheney would do everything they could to
keep the peace.
George Bush powiedział, że Dick Cheney i on zrobią wszystko, co mogą, aby
utrzymać pokój.
Tony Blair said that sometimes the only chance for peace is a readiness for war.
Tony Blair powiedział, że czasami jedyna szansa na pokój to gotowość do wojny.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
The Prime Minister said, “I’ve met governors, mayors, council members and
commissionaires to discuss issues related to regional development.”
Premier powiedział: „Spotkałem się z gubernatorami, burmistrzami, członkami
rady, oraz komisarzami, aby przedyskutować sprawy związane z rozwojem regio-
nalnym”.
The Prime Minister said that he had met local government leaders to discuss
issues related to regional development.
Premier powiedział, że spotkał się z liderami samorządów lokalnych, aby
przedyskutować sprawy związane z rozwojem regionalnym.
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1. Interpunkcja w mowie
niezależnej
W języku angielskim znaki cudzysłowu są zawsze na górze, natomiast w języku polskim
pierwszy znak jest na dole, a drugi na górze.
Według polskiej interpunkcji kropkę stawia się po ostatnim znaku cudzysłowie, zaś w języku
angielskim – przed.
Zwóćmy uwagę na interpunkcję: gdy zaczynamy od wyrażenia wprowadzającego relację.
W języku angielskim po frazie wprowadzającej stawiamy przecinek, natomiast w języku
polskim dwukropek.
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2. Czasowniki wprowadzające
Say i tell to podstawowe czasowniki wprowadzające w mowie zależnej i niezależnej.
W mowie niezależnej say stosuje się bez dopełnienia lub – rzadziej – z dopełnieniem
poprzedzonym słowem to, np.:
Czasownik say stosuje się nie tylko wtedy, kiedy relacjonujemy czyjąś wypowiedź,
ale również gdy przekazujemy wiadomość zapisaną, np.:
The report says that over 850 million people are undernourished.
Raport informuje, że ponad 850 milionów ludzi jest niedożywionych.
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Czasowniki wprowadzające
jak również wyrazy pierwotnie oznaczające głosy zwierząt (mogą zawierać element
negatywnej oceny)
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
“I am guilty,” he admitted.
„Jestem winny” – przyznał.
Po większości powyższych czasowników spójnik that może być pominięty (that jest w nawia-
sie). W pozostałych przypadkach nie należy go pomijać. Przy niektórych czasownikach
(np. assure) zostało zaznaczone dopełnienie. Oznacza to, że czasowniki te, podobnie jak
tell, występują wyłącznie z dopełnieniem.
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Czasowniki wprowadzające
Uwaga:
Po mowie niezależnej może zajść inwersja przez zamianę miejsc podmiotu z orzeczeniem,
jeżeli w zdaniu nie występuje przysłówek ani dopełnienie.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
ale:
“Open the door this instant,” my father said angrily
„Natychmiast otwórz drzwi” – powiedział mój ojciec ze złością.
Ćwiczenia
1. Dopasuj poniższe czasowniki wprowadzające do zdań 1–10.
Ask, promise, deny, exclaim (2x), whisper, explain, complain, admit, assure
A B
1. CV a) It says that it should be taken on an empty stomach.
2. diary b) It says that people may register by phone.
3. guidebook c) It says that refunds won’t be given after 25 days.
4. invitation d) It says that it is a medium to full coverage foundation.
5. label e) It says that the meeting is at 4 o’clock.
6. notice f) It says that the course is available to graduate students.
7. leaflet g) It says that the floor is wet.
8. prescription h) It says that the cake should be baked for 40 to 50 minutes.
9. receipt i) It says that the palace was restored in 1800.
10. recipe j) It says that the he has graduated from Oxford.
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Czasowniki wprowadzające
a)
1. “I will not trouble you.” a) He promised to be punctual.
2. “I will be polite.” b) He promised to be discreet.
3. “I will arrive on time.” c) He promised not to demand payment.
4. “I won’t charge any fee.” d) He promised not to bother me.
5. “I won’t tell anyone.” e) He promised to behave himself.
b)
1. “I didn’t tell them anything.” a) She denied that she had made such an
2. “No, I told the truth.” utterance.
3. “I didn’t say that.” b) She denied that she had been involved
4. “I didn’t take part in it.” in the operation.
5. “I didn’t say who I am.” c) She denied that he had been guilty of
leaking the information to the media.
d) She denied that she had revealed her
identity.
e) She denied that she had lied.
A B
1. “The soil was not treated with a) the doctor told me.
fertilizers,” b) the actor said.
2. “It suits your figure,” c) the boss said.
3. “I need this report by noon,” d) the politician said.
4. “Practise your spelling,” e) the shop assistant told me.
5. “I gave up on acting,” f) the curator said.
6. “I will stand for election,” g) the teacher told me.
7. “Please don’t touch the exhibits,” h) the farmer said.
8. “Get undressed,”
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3. Zmiany dotyczące czasów
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect i Past Perfect Continuous pozostają bez zmian
Will w czasach przyszłych would
She said that Sue earned/had earned her master’s degree in May.
Ona powiedziała, że Sue otrzymała tytuł magistra w maju.
Ale zdanie:
W wypadku gdybyśmy pozostawili czas Simple Past w mowie zależnej (He told me that he
played bass guitar), zdanie to mogłoby oznaczać, że on wciąż gra na gitarze basowej.
ale:
Również Past Continuous może pozostać bez zmiany w mowie zależnej, jeśli nie odnosi
się do ukończonej czynności, np.:
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Zmiany dotyczące czasów
She told me that when she saw him he was painting the house.
Powiedziała mi, że kiedy go zobaczyła, on malował dom.
ale:
She told me that she had been considering resigning, but her husband had
talked her out of it.
Powiedziała mi, rozważała odejście, ale jej mąż odwiódł ją od tego.
Czasy Past Simple i Past Continuous występujące w zdaniach czasowych również nie
ulegają zmianie, np.:
Czasownik główny w tych zdaniach zmienia się na czas zaprzeszły, choć może pozostać
bez zmian, np.:
She said that when she was living/lived in London she got interested/had got
interested in photography.
Powiedziała, że kiedy mieszkała w Londynie, zainteresowała się fotografią.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
Czas może nie ulec zmianie w przypadku prawd uniwersalnych, czyichś zwyczajów lub
nawyków, np.:
Czas przeszły po wish, would sooner, would rather, it is (high) time nie ulega zmianie, np.:
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Zmiany dotyczące czasów
Ćwiczenia
6. Uzupełnij tabelkę.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
7. “He is always blaming me for 12. “Beth never gets angry about
things I haven’t done.” anything.”
8. “I am sick and tired of it.” 13. “Mrs Right often borrows things
9. “He won’t be missed.” from us.”
10. “She doesn’t want to be an 14. “My sister is a very reasonable girl.”
accountant.” 15. “They live in Twin Oaks.”
11. “My son doesn’t believe in Santa
Claus.”
Jack You
1. “My sister is a lawyer.” “But you said/told me ...”.
2. “I will bake pasta shells with spinach.”
3. “I’ve been dating Laura for six months.”
4. “I won a dancing competition last week.”
5. “Kaeng Kiow Wan Nua is my favourite dish.”
6. “Let’s meet tomorrow evening.”
7. “How I hate ducks!”
8. “Mr Jones? I’ve never heard of him.”
9. “Ich fahre nach Berlin.”
10. “I identify myself with the political left.”
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4. Zmiany dotyczące
czasowników modalnych
can could
may might
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
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Zmiany dotyczące czasowników modalnych
“If the situation gets worse, we must consider alternatives,” she said.
„Jeśli sytuacja pogorszy się, musimy rozważyć inne możliwości” – powiedziała.
She said that if the situation got worse, they would have to consider alternatives.
Powiedziała, że jeśli sytuacja się pogorszy to będą musieli rozważyć inne
możliwości.
He told me that if they arrived, they would have to treat them kindly.
Powiedział mi, że jeżeli przyjadą, to będą musieli traktować ich miło.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
Jeżeli must jest użyte w znaczeniu rady czy sugestii, to w mowie zależnej może być
zastąpione czasownikiem advise.
I mustn’t pozostaje bez zmian w mowie zależnej, you/she/he mustn’t pozostaje bez
zmian albo jest zastąpione zakazem:
She told him that he mustn’t play with matches/wasn’t to play with matches.
Powiedziała mu, że nie wolno mu bawić się zapałkami/że ma nie bawić się
zapałkami.
need needed
Jeśli po need występuje bezokoliczn k, to w mowie zależnej może być zastąpiony zarówno
przez needed to jak i had to.
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Zmiany dotyczące czasowników modalnych
ale:
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
“You might clean your room from time to time,” she said.
„Mógłbyś sprzątnąć swój pokój od czasu do czasu” – powiedziała.
Ought to/ should pozostają bez zmian, jeśli wyrażają obowiązek bądź przypuszczenie, np.:
She said that she should receive her PhD the following year.
Powiedziała, że powinna otrzymać tytuł doktora w przyszłym roku.
Jeżeli ought to/should wyrażają radę to w mowie zależnej mogą być zamienione na cza-
sowniki advise, urge, encourage.
“You should wear distance glasses,” the eye doctor told me.
„Powinien pan nosić okulary dla krótkowidzów” – powiedział mi okulista.
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Zmiany dotyczące czasowników modalnych
She said that she could/would be able to learn German in two years’ time.
Powiedziała, że może nauczyć się niemieckiego w dwa lata.
He said that he could/had been able to climb trees when he was a child.
Powiedział, że potrafił wspinać się po drzewach, kiedy był dzieckiem.
She said that as a little girl she could/had been able to write poems and stories.
Powiedziała, że jako mała dziewczynka potrafiła pisać wiersze i opowiadania.
Could w zdaniach warunkowych II typu pozostają bez zmian lub zamienia się na would
be allowed to, np.:
“If there weren’t so much work to do, I could take a day off.”
„Gdyby nie było tyle pracy do wykonania, mogłabym wziąć dzień wolny”.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
She said that if there weren’t so much work to do, she could/would be allowed
to take a day off.
Powiedziała, że gdyby nie było tyle pracy do wykonania, to mogłaby wziąć dzień
wolny.
He told me that when he was fifteen, he could/was allowed to watch any film he
wanted.
Powiedział mi, że kiedy miał piętnaście lat, mógł oglądać każdy film, jaki chciał.
Ćwiczenia
10. Wyraź poniżej podane zdania w mowie zależnej.
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Zmiany dotyczące czasowników modalnych
1. “You must check out of your room by 12,” a) the shop assistant told me.
2. “We can’t refund your money without a receipt,” b) mum told me.
3. “You might have dysgraphia,” c) the front desk clerk said
4. “You needn’t change the fuel filter,” to me.
5. “You should stay in bed for a few days,” d) the teacher said.
6. “You might wash up after yourself,” e) said the waiter.
7. “I used to act in TV commercials,” f) the actor said.
8. “Shall I bring you more bread?” g) said the doctor.
h) the car mechanic told me.
12. W ciągu dnia Grace spotykała się z różnymi osobami, które powiedziały jej m.in.:
Wieczorem Grace opowiada babci o minionym dniu. Uzupełnij relacje Grace posługując się
mową zależną.
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5. Zmiany dotyczące
określeń czasu i miejsca
now then/at that time/immediately
at the moment at the time
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before/the previous day
tomorrow the next day/the following day
tomorrow evening the following evening
this year that year
last year the year before/the previous year
next year the year after/the following year
the week after next a week later
these days those days
in two days two days from then
the day before yesterday two days before/two days earlier
the day after tomorrow two days later/two days after
ago before
here there
She said that she would contact me the next day/the following day.
Powiedziała, że skontaktuje się ze mną jutro/następnego dnia.
She told me that she had last seen him two years before.
Powiedziała mi, że ostatnio widziała go dwa lata temu.
He grunted that he had got other things on his mind at the time.
Odburknął, że ma inne sprawy na głowie.
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Zmiany dotyczące określeń czasu i miejsca
He said that he would resume training the year after/the following year.
Powiedział, że podejmie trening w przyszłym roku.
“We are going to hire 100 people this year,” he told me.
„Zamierzamy zatrudnić 100 osób w tym roku” – powiedział mi.
He told me that they were going to hire 100 people that year.
Powiedział mi, że zamierzają zatrudnić 100 osób w tym roku.
“This is unbelievable.”
„To jest niewiarygodne”.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
Ćwiczenia
13. Zamień poniżej podane określenia czasu i miejsca na takie, które występują w mowie
zależnej.
1. at the moment
2. here
3. in five minutes’ time
4. last year
5. next summer
6. now
7. the day before yesterday
8. these days
9. this evening
10. today
11. tomorrow
12. tomorrow night
13. tonight
14. two years ago
15. yesterday
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6. Zmiany dotyczące zaimków
Wszystkie zaimki (osobowe i dzierżawcze) oraz określniki dzierżawcze podlegają zmianie
w zależności od kontekstu, np.:
ale
Ćwiczenia
15. Zamień poniższe zdania na mowę zależną, pamiętając o zaimkach osobowych
i dzierżawczych.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
a)
Hi, Beth. We are in Greece. We are staying at the Attica Hotel. It is absolutely
fantastic! The rooms are very clean and the staff are friendly. Nothing is too
much trouble. We couldn’t have asked for better accommodation! Our room
overlooks the sea – it is wonderful to watch the sun set and rise. The food is
excellent, especially the home-made bread and cookies. I will call you again on
Saturday. Say hello to Mike from Kate and me.
b)
Hi, Beth. It is me again. We are a bit tired of our room. True, it is clean, but it
is very, very small. There is no place to keep our suitcases. The bathroom is also
tiny. You can sit on the toilet and brush your teeth over the sink. After the
second night I called the reception desk to request a room change, but I was told
that the hotel was overbooked and a room change was not an option. We are
planning on checking out tomorrow. Say hello to Mike from us.
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7. Inne zmiany
come go
bring take
it that
Nie zmienia się w mowie zależnej automatycznie it na that. Zamiana taka może nastąpić
w przypadku, gdy zdanie w mowie zależnej możemy uzupełnić wskazaniem na kogoś lub
coś, o czym wspominano w zdaniu wyjściowym (w mowie niezależnej).
She told me to clean that (powiemy tak, wskazując np. na plamę na podłodze).
Powiedziała mi, żebym to wyczyścił.
She told me to clean it (powiemy tak, gdy nie wskazujemy na plamę, ponieważ
znajdujemy się w innym miejscu i nie widzimy jej lub plama została już wytarta,
a my jedynie przytaczamy polecenie wcześniej wydane).
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8. Pytania w mowie zależnej
Pytania w mowie zależnej zmieniają szyk zdania na oznajmujący, np.:
ale
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Pytania w mowie zależnej
If i whether zazwyczaj stosuje się wymiennie, ale if jest bardziej powszechne. Whether
podkreśla, że należy dokonać wyboru, np.:
“Which place would you like to visit first: the Royal Castle or łazienki?”
„Co chciałbyś najpierw zwiedzić: Zamek Królewski czy łazienki?”
She asked whether I would like to visit first the Royal Castle or łazienki.
Zapytała, czy chciałbym najpierw zwiedzić Zamek Królewski czy łazienki.
Można się posłużyć wyrażeniem “or not”, aby podkreślić, że spodziewamy się jedno-
znacznej odpowiedzi tak czy nie.
Spójnik “if” jest dopuszczalny tylko wtedy, jeśli “not” występuje na końcu zdania.
Ale:
She wanted to know whether or not it was true.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
She shouted at him to stop and listen/She ordered him to stop and listen.
Ona krzyknęła na niego, żeby przestał i posłuchał/Ona kazała mu przestać
i posłuchać.
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Pytania w mowie zależnej
Ćwiczenia
17. Zamień pytania 1–15 na pytania w mowie zależnej.
1. “Would you like to be self employed?” 7. “Do you often skip breakfast?”
2. “Have you got a light?” 8. “Has she really changed?”
3. “Can you trust him?” 9. “Have they kept their promises?”
4. “Are you sure you want to know?” 10. “Is there any problem?”
5. “Is your neighbour a bully?” 11. “Does he still work there?”
6. “Is there any way out?” 12. “Do you approve of the ban on
beer advertising?”
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
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Pytania w mowie zależnej
John went to a phone shop to buy a mobile phone. He wasn’t sure which mobile to
buy. The seller told him that with a prepaid mobile phone he (1) ________________
a block of minutes ahead of time. He told him that there (2) _________________ no
monthly bills and that he (3) ________________sign a contract. He also said that the
billing (4) ____________________based on a per-minute cost. He concluded that if
he (5)_____________________to use his mobile phone often, he (6) _______________
in for a postpaid plan.
John replied that he (7) ________________better with a prepaid plan adding that he
(8) __________________ a heavy phone user. The seller informed him that that the
SIM card (9) ____________15 euros of calling credit, so when it (10)_____________
out, he (11) ___________to buy more time. He added that if the card (12) ______
inactive for a longer period of time, it (13) ___________. Then John asked him where
(14) _______________ the SIM card. The seller replied that he (15) ______
it in any phone shop or at the newsagents, supermarkets or petrol stations.
23. Wybierz właściwe wyrażenie, aby uzupełnić każde ze zdań 1–7. Posłuż się mową
zależną.
“How is the weather?” “Where do you want to go?”
“Why do you fight with him?” “How do you like it?” “How is she?”
44
9. Polecenia, zakazy,
rady i prośby
Zdania rozkazujące w mowie zależnej wyrażamy za pomocą bezokolicznika, np.:
She told him to wash his hands. Powiedziała mu, żeby umył ręce.
He told her to give him a break. Powiedział jej, żeby dała mu spokój.
“Please, wait for me,” she said. „Proszę, poczekaj na mnie” – powiedziała.
She implored him to wait for her. Ona usilnie prosiła go, żeby poczekał na nią.
She said, “Don’t contact me.” Ona powiedziała: „Nie kontaktuj się ze mną”.
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P o l e c e n i a , z a k a z y, r a d y i p r o ś b y
“Why don’t you come round for dinner on Sunday?” she said.
„Może byś przyszedł na obiad w niedzielę?” – powiedziała.
Ćwiczenia
24. Wyraź poniższe polecenia i prośby w mowie zależnej, używając czasowników
interpretujących sens wypowiedzi, np.:
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
15. “Be honest and always tell the truth,” my mother said.
16. “Take it easy,” Paul said.
17. “Apply a hot compress,” Beth said.
18. “Stay in bed,” the doctor said.
19. Ally said, “Keep your opinions to yourself.”
20. “Take the car to a mechanic,” Chris said.
26. Przytocz w mowie zależnej poniższe polecenia wypowiedziane na lekcji przez nauczyciela.
27. Philip często tresuje swojego psa, Alfę. Powiedz (w mowie zależnej), jakie polecenia
mu wydaje.
28. Uzupełnij luki w zdaniach 1–9 odpowiednimi zdaniami z bajki Ezopa przekształconymi
na mowę zależą. Zwróć uwagę na wszystkie przekształcenia.
(1) THE HARE was once boasting of his speed before the other animals. (2) “I have
never yet been beaten,” said he, (3) “I challenge any one here to race with me.” (4)
The Tortoise said quietly, “I accept your challenge.” (5) “That is a good joke,” said the
Hare; (6) “I could dance round you all the way.” (7) “Keep your boasting till you’ve
beaten,” answered the Tortoise. (8) “Shall we race?” So a course was fixed and a start
was made. The Hare darted almost out of sight at once, but soon stopped and, to show
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P o l e c e n i a , z a k a z y, r a d y i p r o ś b y
his contempt for the Tortoise, lay down to have a nap. The Tortoise plodded on and
plodded on, and when the Hare awoke from his nap, he saw the Tortoise just near the
winning-post and could not run up in time to save the race. (9) Then said the Tortoise:
“PLODDING WINS THE RACE.”
Aesop’s Tale “The Tortoise and the Hare”
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10. Zdania wykrzyknikowe
w mowie zależnej
Zdania wykrzyknikowe stają się zdaniami oznajmującymi w mowie zależnej.
Wykrzykniki typu: „Lord”, „Oh”, „Splendid”, „What”, „Dear” mogą być relacjonowane
przez czasowniki exlaim lub yell, a także opisowo za pomocą wyrażeń:
give an exclamation of .... delight/annoyance/satisfaction/surprise/joy/terror/
disappointment/wonder/impatience/relief/dismay/disgust, itp.
Uwaga!
W zależności od kontekstu ten sam wykrzyknik może oznaczać znacznie nieraz różne stany
emocjonalne i mentalne. Np. “oh” może wyrażać: złość, zdziwienie, radość, rozczarowanie,
lub reakcję na czyjąś wypowiedź, zachowanie bądź postępek np.:
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Zdania wykrzyknikowe w mowie zależnej
“Aha, I was right all along!” „Aha, od samego początku miałem rację!”
She exclaimed that she had made it. Wykrzyknęła, że jej się udało.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
Simon asked, “Will you manage to handle it?” and she answered, “Yes.”
Simon zapytał: „Dasz sobie z tym radę?”, a ona odpowiedziała: „Tak”.
Simon asked her whether she would manage to handle it and she answered that
she would.
Simon zapytał ją, czy da sobie z tym radę, a ona odpowiedziała, że tak.
Gdy przytaczamy wypowiedź złożoną, na którą składają się np. zdania orzekające,
zdania rozkazujące i pytające, każda część musi być wprowadzona przez odpowiedni
czasownik. Dla zdań orzekających będą to czasowniki typu: say, tell, explain; dla zdań
rozkazujących czasowniki takie jak: advise, ask, command, demand; dla zdań pytających:
ask, wonder, want to know, inquire, itp.
Przydatnym sposobem łączenia różnych wyrażeń wewnątrz przytoczonej wypowiedzi jest
zwrot adding that.
Peter said that he was thirsty and he wanted to know whether there was
anything to drink.
Peter powiedział, że chce mu się pić i chciał wiedzieć, czy jest coś do picia.
She said that she had never watched it and asked on what channel it was.
Powiedziała, że nigdy tego nie oglądała i zapytała, na jakim to jest kanale.
“Is there anything else you would like to say? That is all I have for you,” he said.
„Czy jest jeszcze coś, co chcielibyście powiedzieć?” To wszystko, co dla was
przygotowałem” – powiedział.
He asked whether there was anything we would like to say, adding that it was
all he had for us.
Zapytał, czy jest jeszcze coś, co chcielibyśmy powiedzieć, dodając, że to było
wszystko, co dla nas przygotował.
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Zdania wykrzyknikowe w mowie zależnej
Ćwiczenia
29. Przeredaguj poniższe dowcipy tak, aby wypowiedzi występujących tam postaci były
przekazywane w mowie zależnej.
A man went to visit a friend and was amazed to find him playing chess with his
dog. He watched the game in astonishment for a while.
Man: “I can hardly believe my eyes! That’s the smartest dog I’ve ever seen.”
Friend: “Nah, he’s not so smart. I’ve beaten him three games out of five.”
There were these two cows, chatting over the fence between their fields.
The first cow said, “I tell you, this mad-cow-disease is really pretty scary. I heard
it hit some cows down on the Johnson Farm.”
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
A B
1. “Ouch! A bee has stung me!” a) He gave an exclamation of surprise.
2. “Eeek! A frog! b) He gave an exclamation of pain.
3. “Dear me! You don’t know that?” c) He gave an exclamation of fear.
4. “Ay! What a waste!” d) He gave an exclamation of anger.
5. “Hell! You didn’t even try!” e) He gave an exclamation of triumph.
6. “Aha! So you admit that you f) He gave an exclamation of sorrow.
were wrong?”
32. Przekształć wyrażenia 1–5 z mowy niezależnej na zależną. Zwróć uwagę na odpowiednią
transformację “yes” i “no”.
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Zdania wykrzyknikowe w mowie zależnej
54
11. Zdania warunkowe
w mowie zależnej
Czasy w zdaniach warunkowych pierwszego typu zmieniają się zgodnie z ogólnymi
zasadami, np.:
Czasy w zdaniach warunkowych drugiego typu nie zmianiają się, jeśli opisują sytuację
możliwą choć mało realną, np.:
“If they offered me a job, I would consider it,” she told me.
„Gdyby zaoferowali mi tę pracę, rozważyłabym to” – powiedziała mi.
She told me that if they offered her a job, she would consider it.
Powiedziała mi, że gdyby zaproponawali jej pracę, rozważyłaby to.
She said that if her car broke down, she would take a taxi.
Powiedziała, że gdyby zepsuł jej się samochód, wzięłaby taksówkę.
Natomiast czasy w tych zdaniach warunkowych drugiego typu, które są sprzeczne ze stanem
faktycznym, a więc niemożliwe do spełnienia, zmieniają się w mowie zależnej, np.:
He said that if he had been older he would have joined the army.
Powiedział, że gdyby był starszy, poszedłby do wojska.
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Zdania warunkowe w mowie zależnej
She told me that if she had been me she would have accepted it.
Powiedziała mi, że gdyby była mną, zaakceptowałaby to.
“If he were to win the race, I would be happy for him,” she said.
Gdyby wygrał wyścig, byłabym szczęśliwa” – powiedziała.
She said that she would be happy for him if he were to win the race.
Powiedziała, że byłaby szczęśliwa, gdyby wygrał wyścig.
Czasy w zdaniach warunkowych trzeciego typu nie zmieniają się w mowie zależnej.
“If she had studied harder, she could have got into Oxford,” he said.
„Gdyby uczyła się więcej, mogłaby dostać się do Oksfordu” – powiedział.
He said that if she had studied harder, she could have got into Oxford.
Powiedział, że gdyby uczyła się więcej, mogłaby dostać się do Oksfordu.
“If he hadn’t broken the rules, he wouldn’t have been punished,” she told me.
„Gdyby nie złamał zasad, nie zostałby ukarany” – powiedziała.
She told me that if he hadn’t broken the rules, he wouldn’t have been punished.
Powiedziała mi, że gdyby nie złamał zasad, nie zostałby ukarany.
Ćwiczenia
35. Przekształć (tam gdzie jest to możliwe) następujące zdania warunkowe w mowie
niezależnej na zdania w mowie zależnej.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
9. “If they had let us know, we would have picked them up from the airport.”
10. “If she were more passionate, I would vote for her.”
36. Przekształć zdania warunkowe 1–10 w mowie niezależnej na zdania w mowie zależnej.
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12. Streszczenie wypowiedzi
Nieraz skrupulatne przekazywanie czyjejś wypowiedzi nie jest możliwe ani konieczne.
Niektóre słowa i zwroty, np. „so”, „OK”, „now”, „how about” nie pojawiają się w mowie
zależnej. Osoba przytaczająca może użyć innych słów, niż te które były w oryginalnej
wypowiedzi.
“Add a pinch of salt to the garlic and crush it with the flat side of the knife,” he
said.
„Posyp szczyptą soli czosnek i rozgnieć go płaską częścią ostrza noża” – powiedział.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
“Select the desired ringtone, then you will receive it with a text message. Click
“Save” and select “Store Tone” to store it,” she said.
„Wybierz dzwonek, który ci się podoba, otrzymasz go SMS-em. Kliknij „Zachowaj”,
później wybierz „Zapamiętaj dzwonek”, aby go zapamiętać” – powiedziała.
“Buy flour, eggs, a jar of honey and some cheese,” she told me.
„Kup mąkę, jajka, słoik miodu i trochę sera” – powiedziała mi.
Także wyrażenia przyimkowe są często używane, aby streścić to, co ktoś powiedział.
Czasownik+about Czasownik+for
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Streszczenie wypowiedzi
“I am very grateful to you for your helpful and quick response,” she said.
„Jestem ci wdzięczna za twoją pomocną i szybką odpowiedź” – powiedziała.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
Ćwiczenia
37. Zreferuj poniższą wypowiedź w mowie zależnej.
“I see little point in taking this discussion further. The rules are clear and are
not about to change. I simply reminded you of that, as I am required to do as a
moderator – this is not patronising. I see that Tim has already told you this, so it
should have come as no surprise. If my previous remark implies that you broke
the rules, then good – that is precisely what I meant.”
“The Garbage was playing in my town last weekend. It was the first time I had
ever seen them live on stage. What a great show it was! I was lucky to have
a fourth row ticket so I could see everything perfectly. Soon after the band
appeared on the stage the crowd of 60, 000 was into things. People were just
singing their lungs out. It was well worth every penny I paid for it, every minute
of the drive to get there and the outrageous parking fee.”
a) “If you detect smoke, a strange smell or unusual noises around the printer,
turn it off immediately.”
The service manual says that ______________________________.
b) “To get to the city centre, go along this street to the traffic lights, then turn
right into Church Street. Go straight on and then turn left at the next traffic
light. The city centre will be on your right.”
He told me how ______________________________.
c) “Lift the cover, put the paper face down on the glass. Select the number of
copies you want to make. Then press the “Print” button.”
She showed me how ______________________________.
d) “We wish you health, happiness, personal fulfillment, good fortune and
success in all your future endeavours.”
They wished me ______________________________.
e) “I bought a dozen eggs, milk, butter, a piece of cheese, biscuits and a bar of
chocolate.”
She said that ______________________________.
f) “We do not accept questions like this one where there is no attempt by the
original poster to provide an answer. We require thread-starters to show their own
thinking.”
He said that ______________________________.
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Streszczenie wypowiedzi
40. Streść zdania 1–10 w mowie zależnej, używając każdorazowo wytłuszczonego czasownika.
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13. Powtórzenie i ugruntowanie
wiadomości – ćwiczenia
41. Spośród wydrukowanych kursywą wyrażeń wybierz poprawne.
1. “Phil, come here at once!” said my father/my father said/said my father angrily.
2. “You might try this,” he told me/told he me/said he.
3. “She’s got worse,” the doctor told me/told me the doctor/said the doctor.
4. “What would you like me to do?” said Nicky/Nicky said to me/said Nicky to me.
5. “Nothing ever goes my way,” Emma told/Emma said/Emma said me.
6. “Don’t take that tone with me!” yelled Kate at me/yelled Kate/Kate yelled.
7. “It makes no sense,” Jake said thoughtfully/said Jake thoughtfully/thoughtfully said
Jake.
8. “I will never let you down,” he assured/he assured me/assured he me.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
46. Spośród zdań (a, b, c) wybierz te, które najlepiej oddają sens zdań w mowie
niezależnej 1-10.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
1. “This will make the pain go away,” the doctor told me.
___________________________________________________________________.
2. “This dress is too small for me,” said Ellen.
___________________________________________________________________.
3. “This is great news,” she said.
___________________________________________________________________.
4. “Cook this on a low heat for about 15 minutes,” my mother told me.
___________________________________________________________________.
5. “This will be discussed at the next meeting,” the chairman said.
___________________________________________________________________.
6. “He gave me this ring,” she told me.
___________________________________________________________________.
7. “I bought these at a flea market,” said Parker.
___________________________________________________________________.
8. “What will go with these shoes?” I asked her.
___________________________________________________________________.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
51. Przekształć poniższe polecenia, zakazy, rady lub prośby na mowę zależną, używając
jednego z poniższych czasowników.
advise, deny, recommend, invite, accuse, implore, beg, promise, encourage, refuse,
warn, order, forbid, tell, remind
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
55. Przekształć poniższe zdania na mowę zależną. Zwróć uwagę, które z czasowników
mogą względnie powinny pozostać niezmienione.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
7. “When I last saw him he was talking to that girl,” Molly said.
___________________________________________________________________.
8. “When I lived in Prague I often bought too many groceries,” he said.
___________________________________________________________________.
9. “You had better go home,” she told him.
___________________________________________________________________.
10. “The Earth revolves around the Sun,” the teacher told us.
__________________________________________________________________.
56. W pierwszym zdaniu z każdej pary wybierz właściwe wyrażenie wykrzyknikowe. Drugie
sformułowane w mowie zależnej uzupełnij tak, aby relacjonowało poprzednie, zgodnie ze
wzorem.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
12. “Tut-tut/Ah, you are smoking too much!” said Mrs Bennet.
Mrs Bennet gave an exclamation of _________.
57. Zdania 1-20 sformułowane mowie zależnej zawierają błędy w miejscach podkreślonych
ciągłą linią. Wyeliminuj je.
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Powtór zenie i ugr untowanie wiadomości – ćwiczenia
11. He wanted to know why was she so happy all the time.
12. Julia asked me how did she look like.
13. Robert suggested us to meet.
14. He reminded about dinner at his parents’ house.
15. She accused that he cheated on her.
16. Natalie refused to comment his new hairstyle.
17. They objected against me to go there alone.
18. Sue told him that she’d sooner he hadn’t smoked there.
19. Mary wondered she was up to the job.
20. Brian denied to pick on his younger brother.
58. Przekaż dalej treść telefonicznej wiadomości przeznaczonej dla pana Fishera.
Uczyń to w mowie zależnej.
a)
This is Tom Owens. I’m with MM Electronics. Please tell Mr Fisher that there
has been a shipping delay and he won’t receive his order until the 10th or the 11th.
I’m very sorry for the inconvenience.
b)
This is Helen Lake from Dr Hart’s office. I’m calling to confirm Mr Fisher’s
appointment on Monday, 14 October at 9 a.m. Tell him to bring the copies of his
old medical records and his health insurance card.
c)
This is Julia Fisher, David’s wife. Please tell my husband that my flight to Atlanta
has been put off until 7 p.m. due to bad weather. Ask him to call me on my mobile
the moment he returns from the conference.
d)
Hi, I’m Jack at the garage. Please tell Mr Fisher that his car is ready to pick up.
I’ve fixed everything.
e)
I’m Thomas Sanders, Mr Fisher’s financial advisor. Please tell Mr Fisher that I’ve
prepared a new investment plan for him. Ask him if he can meet me for lunch at
Cinnamon Club tomorrow. Shall we say 2 p.m.?
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
1. I bumped into Claire the other day. She said she ______ going to Majorca for a
week.
2. I’ve seen Pete just now. He said to let you know that he ______ really on your
side.
3. When he spoke to his lawyer yesterday, Garry said that he ______ innocent of
all charges.
4. Just tell me the truth. Why did you tell me that you ______ going to marry
him?
5. Mark has a wife and two children but I’m sure he told me he ______ single.
6. I’ve just heard today’s weather forecast. It says it ______ going to rain.
7. Mike, you said you ______ thirsty, but you didn’t drink anything.
8. I’m surprised Trevor failed the exam. He told me he ______ well prepared.
9. I’ve just talked to Michelle on the phone. She says she ______ on her way and
will be here shortly.
10. Jerry once told me that his brother ______ an ex-marine.
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14. O mowie niezależnej
i zależnej w pigułce
W mowie niezależnej wyraz po wyrazie powtarzamy czyjąś wypowiedź.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
“It’s a beautiful day today,” she said. She said it’s a beautiful day today.
You said that you like cheesecake. Shall I get you a piece?
You said that you liked cheesecake. Why aren’t you eating it, then?
Nie ma potrzeby zmiany czasów w przytoczeniu zależnym, gdy zdanie bazowe odnosi się
do zakończonej czynności.
Czas przeszły po wish, would rather/sooner, it’s time nie ulega zmianie.
Nie zapominajmy o innych niezbędnych zmianach w mowie zależnej np. odnoszących się
do ludzi, określeń czasu (time) i miejsca.
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O mowie niezależnej i zależnej w pigułce
the day before yester day two days before/two days earlier
the day after tomorrow two days later/two days after
ago before
here there
“I can ski,” she said. She said that she could ski.
“I may be late,” he said. He said that he might be late.
“I need more time,” I said. I said that I needed more time.
Niektóre formy czasowników modalnych (np.: would, might, should, used to) pozostają
niezmienione, gdy przekształcamy mowę niezależną na zależną.
“Would you like to come round for tea?” she asked. She invited me for tea.
“Where is the post office?” he asked. He asked (me) where the post office was.
Przy relacjonowaniu pytań w mowie zależnej możemy korzystać zarówno ze słów pytających
(takich jak: what, where, when, whose, who) oraz z wyrażeń if/whether.
“Do you like strong coffee?” she asked. She asked (me) if/whether I liked strong
coffee.
Jeżeli pytanie w mowie niezależnej zaczyna się od słowa pytającego, to słowo to jest
powtarzane w mowie zależnej.
“How much does it cost?” he asked. He asked (me) how much it cost.
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ANGIELSKI M O W A Z A L E Ż N A I N I E Z A L E Ż N A
Aby zrelacjonować w mowie zależnej polecenia, zakazy, rady i prośby, stosujemy konstrukcję
bezokolicznikową (bezokolicznik z to) lub konstrukcję say/tell + podmiot + be +
bezokolicznik, np.:
Do czasowników, które mogą być użyte do relacjonowania poleceń, zakazów, rad i próśb
należą m.in. advise, ask, command, forbid, order, remind, request, invite, warn.
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Key
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Key
Sprawdź się
1. 1. She said, “There aren’t any tickets left.”
2. “I don’t understand the instruction,” Lynn told me.
3. He said, “I never planned to be a teacher.”
4. Chloe said, “I left my luggage on the train.”
5. Mr Bright said, “I am moving to the suburbs.”
6. “I am very upset by her remarks,” Bob told me.
7. He said, “I met her yesterday.”
8. “Put the key here,” Jacky told me.
9. Mark said, “I will never give up.”
10. Andrew said, “My new book is coming out this month.”
11. “I am sorry for my behaviour,” Brian told me.
12. Vince said, “I used to smoke like a chimney.”
13. He said, “The flyover is scheduled to be completed in May.”
14. “You need to start exercising,” the doctor told me.
15. She said, “I won’t object.”
Ćwiczenia
1. 1. “Who’s calling, please?” he asked.
2. “I am not a child!” she exclaimed. 6. “I will get you out of this,” he promised.
3. “Shh, not so loud,” she whispered. 7. “Yes, I cheated in the exam,” she admitted.
4. “My left shoulder hurts terribly,” 8. “I didn’t say that,” he denied.
he complained. 9. “They will get here in time,” he
5. “Go away!” she exclaimed. assured me.
10. “Green tea cools the body,” she explained.
2. 1-j 2-e 3-i 4-b 5-d 6-g 7-f 8-a 9-c 10-h
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4. a) 1-d 2-e 3-a 4-c 5-b b) 1-c 2-e 3-a 4-b 5-d
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8. He said that he is sick and tired of it/was sick and tired of it.
9. She said that he won’t be missed/wouldn’t be missed.
10. He said that she doesn’t want to be an accountant/didn’t want to be an accountant.
11. She said that her son doesn’t believe in Santa Claus/ didn’t believe in Santa Claus.
12. He said that Beth never gets angry about anything/never got angry about anything.
13. She said that Mrs Right often borrows things from them/often borrowed
things from them.
14. He said that his sister is a very reasonable girl/was a very reasonable girl.
15. She said that live in Twin Oaks/lived in Twin Oaks.
11. 1. The front desk clerk told me that I had to check out of my room by 12.
2. The shop assistant told me that they couldn’t refund my money without
a receipt.
3. The teacher said that I might have dysgraphia.
4. The car mechanic told me that I didn’t have to/didn’t need to change the fuel
filter.
5. The doctor advised me to stay in bed for a few days.
6. Mum asked me to wash up after myself.
7. The actor said that he used to act in TV commercials.
8. The waiter offered to bring us more bread.
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14. 1. She said that it was very easy. 5. She said that she had bought them
2. He said that they were very good for herself.
questions. 6. He said that it was a real war.
3. She said that she had enjoyed the book. 7. She said that they were the good
4. He said that they were quite old days.
comfortable too. 8. He said that the roses were for her.
16. a)
He said that they were in Greece, that they were staying at the Attica Hotel. He told Beth
that it was absolutely fantastic. He said that the rooms were very clean and the staff were
friendly. He said that nothing was too much trouble. He said that they
couldn’t have asked for better accommodation. He mentioned that their room overlooked
the sea so it was wonderful to watch the sun rise and set. He added that the food was excel-
lent, especially the home-made bread and cookies. Finally, he said that he would call Beth
again on Saturday. He asked her to say hello to Mike from Kate and him.
b)
He told Beth that they were a bit tired of their room. He admitted that it was
clean, but he grumbled that it was very small. He said that there was no place
to keep their suitcases. He complained that the bathroom was also tiny. He said
that after the second night he had called the reception desk to request a room
change, but he had been told that the hotel was overbooked and a room change
wasn’t an option. He continued saying that they were planning on checking out
the next day. He asked Beth to say hello to Mike from them.
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Key
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25. 2. Staff are not to use the phone for personal calls.
3. Staff are to wear badges.
4. Staff are not to accept cash gifts.
5. Staff are not to leave their valuables unattended.
6. Staff are to report any act of vandalism.
7. Staff are to smoke in designated areas only.
8. Staff are to park their cars in the main car park.
9. Staff are not to discuss any job-related issues with anyone.
10. Staff are to attend appropriate training courses.
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28. 1) The narrator said that the Hare had been/was once boasting of his speed
before the other animals.
2) The Hare said that he had never been beaten and
3) he challenged any one there to race with him.
4) The Tortoise replied that he accepted his challenge.
5) The Hare retorted that it was a good joke adding that
6) he could dance round him all the way.
7) The Tortoise told him to keep his boasting till he had been beaten and
8) suggested racing/a race.
9) After the Tortoise won the race, he told the Hare that plodding wins/won the race.
29. a)
The psychiatrist asked the patient what his problem was.
The patient answered that he thought he was a chicken.
The psychiatrist wanted to know how long it had been going on.
The patient replied that ever since he had been an egg.
b)
The man exclaimed that he could hardly believe his eyes adding that it was the
smartest dog he had even seen.
The friend replied that that the dog wasn’t so smart, that he had beaten him
three games out off five.
c)
The first cow said that the mad-cow disease was really pretty scary adding that
she had heard it had hit some cows down on the Johnson Farm.
The other cow replied that she wasn’t worried because it didn’t affect them ducks.
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32. 1. He asked her if she would help him and she answered him that she would.
2. She asked him whether he had phoned Mark and he answered that he had.
3. They asked me whether I was tired and I answered that I wasn’t.
4. He asked her if she could drive and she answered that she couldn’t.
5. I asked her if he was a sports fan and she answered that he was.
35. 1. She said if she had been me, she would have demanded a refund.
2. He said if he had more time, he would read more.
3. She said that if she hadn’t met him, she wouldn’t have set up a business.
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36. 1. She said that if she had been Angelina Jolie, she would have been a movie star.
2. ... she would have lived in a mansion.
3. ... she would have hired twenty maids.
4. ... she would have been a philanthropist.
5. ... she wouldn’t have been doing the job.
6. ... she would have had a handsome husband.
7. ... she would have done plenty of TV interviews.
8. ... she would have had a big collection of shoes.
9. ... she wouldn’t have agreed to strip off her clothes for love scenes.
10. ... she would have demanded ten million dollars to star in a film.
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43. 1. The man confessed that he had stolen/to stealing/to having stolen the dia-
mond bracelet.
2. He invited me to join them.
3. She offered me a drink/suggested having a drink.
4. Andrew suggested going/that we go somewhere where it was more quiet.
5. Tom exclaimed that it was lovely to see me.
6. She denied knowing/that he knew the man.
7. He congratulated me on my promotion.
8. She wished me luck.
9. Mark blamed Jack for the accident.
10. He promised me that he would never let me down.
11. Emma advised me not to trust him.
12. He begged Molly not to leave him.
13. Chris admitted doing/having done those things.
14. Mary complained that her mother-in-law criticises/criticised everything she
does/did.
15. The lawyer forbade Mike to answer the questions.
16. He thanked me for everything.
17. She doubted whether he knew a thing about economy.
18. The host welcomed us to his house.
19. The man cursed the politics.
20. He complimented me on my new hairstyle.
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46. 1-c 2-b 3-b 4-a 5-c 6-a 7-c 8-b 9-a 10-b
47. 1. My boss said that he was going to Dublin the next day/the following day.
2. He told me that we had spoken on the phone two days before.
3. She said that it was quiet in there that day.
4. John said that it had come for me the day before.
5. Danny said that he was supposed to see him the following week.
6. Anne told me that she had quit her job the previous week.
7. He said that his exam started in two days’ time/two days later.
8. Martin said that it had happened about a year before.
9. She told him to call her the following evening.
10. Grace said that she hardly saw him those days.
11. She said that she would have it two days from then.
12. They told him that he could stay with them that night.
13. She said that she wanted it then/at that moment.
48. 1. He said that she made the best cheesecake in the world.
2. She said that she had been thinking of quitting her job.
3. Paul told me to find out where she was.
4. He told me that it was an unrealistic expectation.
5. Sam said that we/they would find a way to prevent it.
6. Mrs Pratt said that she appreciated my saying that.
7. My mother told me that she would be there as soon as she could.
8. Charlotte said that she had been thinking of moving back to Atlanta.
9. Mark said that he was glad I had called.
10. He said that he had just wanted to help.
11. Jane said that she didn’t need my advice.
12. He said that he hadn’t told me everything yet.
13. My father told me that it was not the end of the world.
14. Anne said that she was sorry I hadn’t made it.
15. He said that he would see what he could do.
16. Dave told me that he was sorry that he had shouted at me.
17. She said that she was trying to work.
18. Peggy said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately.
49. 1. The doctor told me that it would make the pain go away.
2. Ellen said that the dress was too small for her.
3. She said that it was great news.
4. My mother told me to cook it on a low heat for about 15 minutes.
5. The chairman said that it would be discussed at the next meeting.
6. She told me that he had given her that ring.
7. Parker said that he had bought them at a flea market.
8. I asked her what would go with those shoes.
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50. 1. He asked me if I had been at a party with her the previous night.
2. She asked him if he had got her message.
3. Mark asked me how much I had paid for it.
4. He asked Chloe how she was that morning.
5. I asked Tom if he would wait there for me.
6. The police officer asked him why he had done it.
7. He asked Rose what she was thinking about.
8. She asked Jack who it was.
9. She asked me if I understood what she was saying to me.
10. She asked Greg if he had ever been to Warsaw.
11. She asked Lenny if he was going by himself.
12. Mrs Wood asked me how much she had spent on clothes.
13. Tom asked Bob where he had seen her.
14. She asked the man whether he wanted cream or sugar with his coffee.
15. He asked me if we were going for a walk or not./He asked me whether or not
we were going for a walk.
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Key
54. 1. He told me that if he had been a decade younger, he would have married me.
2. Rob said that he would have cycled more often if there had been more bike lanes.
3.Stacy said that if he came, she would leave.
4. The girl said that if it snowed, it would feel more like Christmas.
5. Vince told her that if she had had more common sense, she would have ignored
him.
6. Jack said to Philip that if he met her he would like her as well.
7. She told me that she wouldn’t go if I didn’t come with her.
8. Anne said that if she were to live abroad she would probably live in Rome.
9. She said that if she hadn’t danced with him that night she wouldn’t have fallen
in love with him.
10. Mrs Nash said that we would regret it if he became President.
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Key
58. a) Tom Owen with MM Electronics company called to tell you that there has
been a shipping delay and you won’t receive your order until the 10th or the
11th. He is very sorry for the inconvenience.
b) Helen Lake from Dr Hart’s office called to confirm your appointment on
Monday, 14 October at 9 a.m. She asks you to bring your old medical records
and your health insurance card.
c) Your wife called to tell you that her flight has been put off until 7 p.m. She asks
you to call her on her mobile.
d) Jack at the garage says that your car is ready to pick up. He has fixed everything.
e) Thomas Sanders, your financial advisor, says that he has prepared a new
investment plan for you. He wants to know if you can meet him for lunch at
Cinnamon Club tomorrow. He suggests 2 p.m.
60. 1. was 6. is
2. is/was 7. were
3. is/was 8. was
4. were 9. is
5. was 10. is/was
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